背景介绍
在我们日常开发过程中，以
TP6为例，开发的API接口往往在200ms左右，如何提升API接口性能，减少接口响应时间？这里我们将学习到PHP自带的拓展opcache
简介
OPcache通过将PHP 脚本预编译的字节码存储到共享内存中来提升 PHP 的性能， 存储预编译字节码的好处就是 省去了每次加载和解析 PHP 脚本的开销。
版本支持：php5.5.0+
安装与配置
Windows安装
配置php.ini
以
phpstudy集成工具php7.4.3为例：首先开启opcache拓展，然后进行php.ini配置。
配置路径：D:\phpstudy_pro\Extensions\php\php7.4.3nts\php.ini
具体操作： 配置zend引擎拓展
zend_extension、错误日志opcache.error_log、文件缓存file_cache; 其他取消注释符号;即可
这里的配置路径为phpstudy集成环境的绝对路径
[opcache]
zend_extension=D:/phpstudy_pro/Extensions/php/php7.4.3nts/ext/php_opcache.dll
; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled
opcache.enable=1
; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled for the CLI version of PHP
opcache.enable_cli=1
; The OPcache shared memory storage size.
opcache.memory_consumption=128
; The amount of memory for interned strings in Mbytes.
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
; The maximum number of keys (scripts) in the OPcache hash table.
; Only numbers between 200 and 1000000 are allowed.
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
; The maximum percentage of "wasted" memory until a restart is scheduled.
opcache.max_wasted_percentage=5
; When this directive is enabled, the OPcache appends the current working
; directory to the script key, thus eliminating possible collisions between
; files with the same name (basename). Disabling the directive improves
; performance, but may break existing applications.
opcache.use_cwd=1
; When disabled, you must reset the OPcache manually or restart the
; webserver for changes to the filesystem to take effect.
opcache.validate_timestamps=1
; How often (in seconds) to check file timestamps for changes to the shared
; memory storage allocation. ("1" means validate once per second, but only
; once per request. "0" means always validate)
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
; Enables or disables file search in include_path optimization
;opcache.revalidate_path=0
; If disabled, all PHPDoc comments are dropped from the code to reduce the
; size of the optimized code.
opcache.save_comments=1
; Allow file existence override (file_exists, etc.) performance feature.
opcache.enable_file_override=Off
; A bitmask, where each bit enables or disables the appropriate OPcache
; passes
opcache.optimization_level=0x7FFFBFFF
opcache.dups_fix=0
; The location of the OPcache blacklist file (wildcards allowed).
; Each OPcache blacklist file is a text file that holds the names of files
; that should not be accelerated. The file format is to add each filename
; to a new line. The filename may be a full path or just a file prefix
; (i.e., /var/www/x blacklists all the files and directories in /var/www
; that start with 'x'). Line starting with a ; are ignored (comments).
opcache.blacklist_filename=
; Allows exclusion of large files from being cached. By default all files
; are cached.
opcache.max_file_size=0
; Check the cache checksum each N requests.
; The default value of "0" means that the checks are disabled.
opcache.consistency_checks=0
; How long to wait (in seconds) for a scheduled restart to begin if the cache
; is not being accessed.
opcache.force_restart_timeout=180
; OPcache error_log file name. Empty string assumes "stderr".
opcache.error_log=D:/phpstudy_pro/WWW/logs/opcache/opcache_error.log
; All OPcache errors go to the Web server log.
; By default, only fatal errors (level 0) or errors (level 1) are logged.
; You can also enable warnings (level 2), info messages (level 3) or
; debug messages (level 4).
opcache.log_verbosity_level=1
; Preferred Shared Memory back-end. Leave empty and let the system decide.
opcache.preferred_memory_model=
; Protect the shared memory from unexpected writing during script execution.
; Useful for internal debugging only.
opcache.protect_memory=0
; Allows calling OPcache API functions only from PHP scripts which path is
; started from specified string. The default "" means no restriction
opcache.restrict_api=
; Mapping base of shared memory segments (for Windows only). All the PHP
; processes have to map shared memory into the same address space. This
; directive allows to manually fix the "Unable to reattach to base address"
; errors.
opcache.mmap_base=0x20000000
; Facilitates multiple OPcache instances per user (for Windows only). All PHP
; processes with the same cache ID and user share an OPcache instance.
opcache.cache_id=
; Enables and sets the second level cache directory.
; It should improve performance when SHM memory is full, at server restart or
; SHM reset. The default "" disables file based caching.
opcache.file_cache=D:/phpstudy_pro/WWW/logs/opcache
; Enables or disables opcode caching in shared memory.
opcache.file_cache_only=0
; Enables or disables checksum validation when script loaded from file cache.
opcache.file_cache_consistency_checks=1
; Implies opcache.file_cache_only=1 for a certain process that failed to
; reattach to the shared memory (for Windows only). Explicitly enabled file
; cache is required.
opcache.file_cache_fallback=1
; Enables or disables copying of PHP code (text segment) into HUGE PAGES.
; This should improve performance, but requires appropriate OS configuration.
opcache.huge_code_pages=0
; Validate cached file permissions.
opcache.validate_permission=0
; Prevent name collisions in chroot'ed environment.
opcache.validate_root=0
; If specified, it produces opcode dumps for debugging different stages of
; optimizations.
opcache.opt_debug_level=0
; Specifies a PHP script that is going to be compiled and executed at server
; start-up.
; http://php.net/opcache.preload
opcache.preload=
; Preloading code as root is not allowed for security reasons. This directive
; facilitates to let the preloading to be run as another user.
; http://php.net/opcache.preload_user
opcache.preload_user=
; Prevents caching files that are less than this number of seconds old. It
; protects from caching of incompletely updated files. In case all file updates
; on your site are atomic, you may increase performance by setting it to "0".
opcache.file_update_protection=2
; Absolute path used to store shared lockfiles (for *nix only).
opcache.lockfile_path=/tmp
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
Linux宝塔面板安装
这里以宝塔面板php-7.4为例
[Zend Opcache]
zend_extension=/www/server/php/74/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20190902/opcache.so
opcache.enable = 1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=32
opcache.max_accelerated_files=80000
opcache.revalidate_freq=3
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
Linux安装
查找opcache.so位置
find / -name "opcache.so"
配置php.ini
具体操作： 配置zend引擎拓展
zend_extension=opcache.so位置、错误日志opcache.error_log、文件缓存file_cache ;
[Zend Opcache]
zend_extension=/www/server/php/74/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20190902/opcache.so
opcache.enable = 1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=32
opcache.max_accelerated_files=80000
opcache.revalidate_freq=3
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
官方推荐配置
;允许在 web 环境使用
opcache.enable=1
;允许在 cli 环境使用
opcache.enable_cli=1
;OPcache 的共享内存大小，以兆字节为单位。
opcache.memory_consumption=128
;用来存储预留字符串的内存大小，以兆字节为单位
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
;OPcache 哈希表中可存储的脚本文件数量上限
opcache.max_accelerated_files=4000
;检查脚本时间戳是否有更新的周期，以秒为单位。 设置为 0 会导致针对每个请求， OPcache 都会检查脚本更新。如果 opcache.validate_timestamps 配置指令设置为禁用，那么此设置项将会被忽略。
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
查看是否安装
php -m
#安装成功
[Zend Modules]
Zend OPcache
友情提示
安装拓展之后不会马上生效，需要等待3秒钟，刚开始的时候会缓存软件有些慢。如果代码更新需要删除
缓存目录下的缓存文件
清除脚本缓存
(1)创建PHP脚本
<?php opcache_reset();?>
(2)重启web服务
参考资料：
鸟叔的《让PHP达到最高性能的几个Tips》
PHP官网的《OPCache拓展》