[PHP知识库]汉字转拼音PHP类

<?php

/**
 * PHP 汉字转拼音
 * 参考 @author Jerryli(hzjerry@gmail.com)
 * 改写 @author Betashen (sjg20010414@qq.com)
 * 主要改写：关联数组改成2个独立数组，用二分搜索，分 UTF-8 和 GBK，分大小写 （php7.4+语法）
 * @example： UTF-8字符串用 encode()， GBK字符串用 encodeGBK()
 * echo ChineseToPinYin::encode('浙江机电职业技术学院').PHP_EOL;              //zjjdzyjsxy
 * echo ChineseToPinYin::encode('浙江机电职业技术学院', 'all').PHP_EOL;       //zhe jiang ji dian zhi ye ji shu xue yuan
 * echo ChineseToPinYin::encode('浙江机电职业技术学院', 'head', true).PHP_EOL;//ZJJDZYJSXY
 */


class ChineseToPinYin
{
    const COUNT = 396;  // 共 396 个拼音
    private static array $_py = [
        'a', 'ai', 'an', 'ang', 'ao', 'ba', 'bai', 'ban', 'bang', 'bao', 'bei', 'ben', 'beng', 'bi', 'bian', 'biao', 'bie', 'bin',
        'bing', 'bo', 'bu', 'ca', 'cai', 'can', 'cang', 'cao', 'ce', 'ceng', 'cha', 'chai', 'chan', 'chang', 'chao', 'che', 'chen',
        'cheng', 'chi', 'chong', 'chou', 'chu', 'chuai', 'chuan', 'chuang', 'chui', 'chun', 'chuo', 'ci', 'cong', 'cou', 'cu',
        'cuan', 'cui', 'cun', 'cuo', 'da', 'dai', 'dan', 'dang', 'dao', 'de', 'deng', 'di', 'dian', 'diao', 'die', 'ding', 'diu',
        'dong', 'dou', 'du', 'duan', 'dui', 'dun', 'duo', 'e', 'en', 'er', 'fa', 'fan', 'fang', 'fei', 'fen', 'feng', 'fo', 'fou',
        'fu', 'ga', 'gai', 'gan', 'gang', 'gao', 'ge', 'gei', 'gen', 'geng', 'gong', 'gou', 'gu', 'gua', 'guai', 'guan', 'guang',
        'gui', 'gun', 'guo', 'ha', 'hai', 'han', 'hang', 'hao', 'he', 'hei', 'hen', 'heng', 'hong', 'hou', 'hu', 'hua', 'huai',
        'huan', 'huang', 'hui', 'hun', 'huo', 'ji', 'jia', 'jian', 'jiang', 'jiao', 'jie', 'jin', 'jing', 'jiong', 'jiu', 'ju',
        'juan', 'jue', 'jun', 'ka', 'kai', 'kan', 'kang', 'kao', 'ke', 'ken', 'keng', 'kong', 'kou', 'ku', 'kua', 'kuai', 'kuan',
        'kuang', 'kui', 'kun', 'kuo', 'la', 'lai', 'lan', 'lang', 'lao', 'le', 'lei', 'leng', 'li', 'lia', 'lian', 'liang', 'liao',
        'lie', 'lin', 'ling', 'liu', 'long', 'lou', 'lu', 'lv', 'luan', 'lue', 'lun', 'luo', 'ma', 'mai', 'man', 'mang', 'mao', 'me',
        'mei', 'men', 'meng', 'mi', 'mian', 'miao', 'mie', 'min', 'ming', 'miu', 'mo', 'mou', 'mu', 'na', 'nai', 'nan', 'nang', 'nao',
        'ne', 'nei', 'nen', 'neng', 'ni', 'nian', 'niang', 'niao', 'nie', 'nin', 'ning', 'niu', 'nong', 'nu', 'nv', 'nuan', 'nue',
        'nuo', 'o', 'ou', 'pa', 'pai', 'pan', 'pang', 'pao', 'pei', 'pen', 'peng', 'pi', 'pian', 'piao', 'pie', 'pin', 'ping', 'po',
        'pu', 'qi', 'qia', 'qian', 'qiang', 'qiao', 'qie', 'qin', 'qing', 'qiong', 'qiu', 'qu', 'quan', 'que', 'qun', 'ran', 'rang',
        'rao', 're', 'ren', 'reng', 'ri', 'rong', 'rou', 'ru', 'ruan', 'rui', 'run', 'ruo', 'sa', 'sai', 'san', 'sang', 'sao', 'se',
        'sen', 'seng', 'sha', 'shai', 'shan', 'shang', 'shao', 'she', 'shen', 'sheng', 'shi', 'shou', 'shu', 'shua', 'shuai',
        'shuan', 'shuang', 'shui', 'shun', 'shuo', 'si', 'song', 'sou', 'su', 'suan', 'sui', 'sun', 'suo', 'ta', 'tai', 'tan',
        'tang', 'tao', 'te', 'teng', 'ti', 'tian', 'tiao', 'tie', 'ting', 'tong', 'tou', 'tu', 'tuan', 'tui', 'tun', 'tuo', 'wa',
        'wai', 'wan', 'wang', 'wei', 'wen', 'weng', 'wo', 'wu', 'xi', 'xia', 'xian', 'xiang', 'xiao', 'xie', 'xin', 'xing', 'xiong',
        'xiu', 'xu', 'xuan', 'xue', 'xun', 'ya', 'yan', 'yang', 'yao', 'ye', 'yi', 'yin', 'ying', 'yo', 'yong', 'you', 'yu', 'yuan',
        'yue', 'yun', 'za', 'zai', 'zan', 'zang', 'zao', 'ze', 'zei', 'zen', 'zeng', 'zha', 'zhai', 'zhan', 'zhang', 'zhao', 'zhe',
        'zhen', 'zheng', 'zhi', 'zhong', 'zhou', 'zhu', 'zhua', 'zhuai', 'zhuan', 'zhuang', 'zhui', 'zhun', 'zhuo', 'zi', 'zong',
        'zou', 'zu', 'zuan', 'zui', 'zun', 'zuo'
    ];
    private static array $_code = [
        -20319, -20317, -20304, -20295, -20292, -20283, -20265, -20257, -20242, -20230, -20051, -20036, -20032, -20026, -20002,
        -19990, -19986, -19982, -19976, -19805, -19784, -19775, -19774, -19763, -19756, -19751, -19746, -19741, -19739, -19728,
        -19725, -19715, -19540, -19531, -19525, -19515, -19500, -19484, -19479, -19467, -19289, -19288, -19281, -19275, -19270,
        -19263, -19261, -19249, -19243, -19242, -19238, -19235, -19227, -19224, -19218, -19212, -19038, -19023, -19018, -19006,
        -19003, -18996, -18977, -18961, -18952, -18783, -18774, -18773, -18763, -18756, -18741, -18735, -18731, -18722, -18710,
        -18697, -18696, -18526, -18518, -18501, -18490, -18478, -18463, -18448, -18447, -18446, -18239, -18237, -18231, -18220,
        -18211, -18201, -18184, -18183, -18181, -18012, -17997, -17988, -17970, -17964, -17961, -17950, -17947, -17931, -17928,
        -17922, -17759, -17752, -17733, -17730, -17721, -17703, -17701, -17697, -17692, -17683, -17676, -17496, -17487, -17482,
        -17468, -17454, -17433, -17427, -17417, -17202, -17185, -16983, -16970, -16942, -16915, -16733, -16708, -16706, -16689,
        -16664, -16657, -16647, -16474, -16470, -16465, -16459, -16452, -16448, -16433, -16429, -16427, -16423, -16419, -16412,
        -16407, -16403, -16401, -16393, -16220, -16216, -16212, -16205, -16202, -16187, -16180, -16171, -16169, -16158, -16155,
        -15959, -15958, -15944, -15933, -15920, -15915, -15903, -15889, -15878, -15707, -15701, -15681, -15667, -15661, -15659,
        -15652, -15640, -15631, -15625, -15454, -15448, -15436, -15435, -15419, -15416, -15408, -15394, -15385, -15377, -15375,
        -15369, -15363, -15362, -15183, -15180, -15165, -15158, -15153, -15150, -15149, -15144, -15143, -15141, -15140, -15139,
        -15128, -15121, -15119, -15117, -15110, -15109, -14941, -14937, -14933, -14930, -14929, -14928, -14926, -14922, -14921,
        -14914, -14908, -14902, -14894, -14889, -14882, -14873, -14871, -14857, -14678, -14674, -14670, -14668, -14663, -14654,
        -14645, -14630, -14594, -14429, -14407, -14399, -14384, -14379, -14368, -14355, -14353, -14345, -14170, -14159, -14151,
        -14149, -14145, -14140, -14137, -14135, -14125, -14123, -14122, -14112, -14109, -14099, -14097, -14094, -14092, -14090,
        -14087, -14083, -13917, -13914, -13910, -13907, -13906, -13905, -13896, -13894, -13878, -13870, -13859, -13847, -13831,
        -13658, -13611, -13601, -13406, -13404, -13400, -13398, -13395, -13391, -13387, -13383, -13367, -13359, -13356, -13343,
        -13340, -13329, -13326, -13318, -13147, -13138, -13120, -13107, -13096, -13095, -13091, -13076, -13068, -13063, -13060,
        -12888, -12875, -12871, -12860, -12858, -12852, -12849, -12838, -12831, -12829, -12812, -12802, -12607, -12597, -12594,
        -12585, -12556, -12359, -12346, -12320, -12300, -12120, -12099, -12089, -12074, -12067, -12058, -12039, -11867, -11861,
        -11847, -11831, -11798, -11781, -11604, -11589, -11536, -11358, -11340, -11339, -11324, -11303, -11097, -11077, -11067,
        -11055, -11052, -11045, -11041, -11038, -11024, -11020, -11019, -11018, -11014, -10838, -10832, -10815, -10800, -10790,
        -10780, -10764, -10587, -10544, -10533, -10519, -10331, -10329, -10328, -10322, -10315, -10309, -10307, -10296, -10281,
        -10274, -10270, -10262, -10260, -10256, -10254
    ];

    public static function encodeGBK(string $gbkString, string $sRetFormat = 'head', bool $upperCase = false): string
    {
        $aBuf = [];
        for ($i = 0, $cnt = strlen($gbkString); $i < $cnt; $i++) {
            $iChr = ord($gbkString[$i]);  // code值
            if ($iChr > 160) $iChr = ($iChr << 8) + ord($gbkString[++$i]) - 65536; // 是汉字，两个字节计算 code值
            if ('head' === $sRetFormat)
                $aBuf[] = substr(self::zh2py($iChr), 0, 1);
            else
                $aBuf[] = self::zh2py($iChr);
        }
        $result = $sRetFormat === 'head' ? implode('', $aBuf) : implode(' ', $aBuf);
        return $upperCase ? strtoupper($result) : $result;
    }

    /**
     * 将中文编码成拼音
     * @param string $utf8String utf8字符集数据
     * @param string $sRetFormat 返回格式 [head:首字母|all:全拼音]
     * @return string
     */
    public static function encode(string $utf8String, string $sRetFormat = 'head', bool $upperCase = false): string
    {
        $gbkStr = iconv('UTF-8', 'GBK', $utf8String);  // 转换为 GBK 字符串
        return self::encodeGBK($gbkStr, $sRetFormat, $upperCase);
    }

    /**
     * 中文（GBK字码）转换到拼音(每次处理一个字符)
     * @param int $iWORD 待处理字符双字节
     * @return string 拼音
     */
    private static function zh2py(int $iWORD): string
    {
        if ($iWORD > 0 && $iWORD < 160) {   // ASCII
            return chr($iWORD);
        } elseif ($iWORD < -20319 || $iWORD > -10247) {   // out of range
            return '';
        } else {
            $index = self::binarySearch($iWORD, self::$_code, 0, self::COUNT);
            return self::$_py[$index];
        }
    }

    private static function binarySearch(int $code, array &$codeArray, int $startIndex, int $endIndex): int
    {
        $i = ($startIndex + $endIndex) / 2;     // init position to middle
        if ($i === 0 || $i === count($codeArray) - 1) return $i;    // first one or last one
        else {
            if ($code >= $codeArray[$i] && $code < $codeArray[$i + 1]) // in range [$codeArray[$i], $codeArray[$i+1])
                return $i;
            elseif ($code >= $codeArray[$i + 1])  // must be in next range
                return self::binarySearch($code, $codeArray, $i + 1, $endIndex);
            elseif ($code < $codeArray[$i])     // must be in previous range
                return self::binarySearch($code, $codeArray, $startIndex, $i);
        }
        return -1;  // not found
    }
}