[C++知识库]C语言-指针进阶(3)

本文是关于指针和数组的试题分享
首先介绍一个库函数和一个操作符：
1.strlen: 求字符串长度，不包括\0

2.sizeof： 操作符，单位是字节
求变量所占空间的大小。求类型创建的变量所占空间的大小。
sizeof求字节数：
char:1
short:2
int:4
float:4
在32位平台下(x86)指针变量大小是4个字节，64位下是8个字节

一、一维数组

数组名的意义：

1. sizeof(数组名)，这里的数组名表示整个数组，计算的是整个数组的大小。
2. &数组名，这里的数组名表示整个数组，取出的是整个数组的地址。
3. 除此之外所有的数组名都表示首元素的地址。

int main()
{
	//一维数组
	int a[] = { 1,2,3,4 };
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a + 0));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(*a));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a + 1));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(a[1]));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(*&a));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a + 1));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a[0]));
	printf("%d\n", sizeof(&a[0] + 1));
}

解析：

二、字符数组

1.char arr[] = {‘a’,‘b’,‘c’,‘d’,‘e’,‘f’};

char arr[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0]+1));

printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0]+1));

解析：

2.char arr[] = “abcdef”;

char arr[] = "abcdef";

printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0]+1));

printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0]+1));

解析：

3.char *p = “abcdef”;

const char *p = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p[0]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p[0]+1));

printf("%d\n", strlen(p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(p+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(p[0]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p[0]+1))；

解析：

4.二维数组

int a[3][4] = {0};
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0][0]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0]+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(a[0]+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(a+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(&a[0]+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[3]));

三、综合题型

例1.

struct Test
{
    int Num;
    char *pcName;
    short sDate;
    char cha[2];
    short sBa[4];
}*p;
//假设p 的值为0x100000。 如下表表达式的值分别为多少？
//已知，结构体Test类型的变量大小是20个字节
int main()
{
    printf("%p\n", p + 0x1);
    printf("%p\n", (unsigned long)p + 0x1);
    printf("%p\n", (unsigned int*)p + 0x1);
    return 0; 
}

1.00100014
2.00100001
3.00100004

例2.

int main()
{
    int a[4] = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
    int *ptr1 = (int *)(&a + 1);
    int *ptr2 = (int *)((int)a + 1);
    printf( "%x,%x", ptr1[-1], *ptr2);
    return 0; 
}

ptr[-1] --> *(ptr+(-1)) --> *(ptr-1)

例3.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
    int a[3][2] = { (0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5) };
    int *p;
    p = a[0];
    printf( "%d", p[0]);
    return 0; 
}

该题易错点为数组中是逗号表达式，只有3个数据。

例4.

int main()
{
    int a[5][5];
    int(*p)[4];
    p = a;
    printf( "%p,%d\n", &p[4][2] - &a[4][2], &p[4][2] - &a[4][2]);
    return 0; 
}

两个指针相减结果是两地址之间的元素个数

例5.

int main()
{
    int aa[2][5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
    int *ptr1 = (int *)(&aa + 1);
    int *ptr2 = (int *)(*(aa + 1));
    printf( "%d,%d", *(ptr1 - 1), *(ptr2 - 1));
    return 0;
}

例6.

![#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
 char *a[] = {"work","at","alibaba"};
 char**pa = a;
 pa++;
 printf("%s\n", *pa);
 return 0; }

例7.

int main()
{
    char *c[] = {"ENTER","NEW","POINT","FIRST"};
    char**cp[] = {c+3,c+2,c+1,c};
    char***cpp = cp;
    printf("%s\n", **++cpp);
    printf("%s\n", *--*++cpp+3);
    printf("%s\n", *cpp[-2]+3);
    printf("%s\n", cpp[-1][-1]+1);
    return 0; 
}