[C++知识库]C++零基础 | 超详细C++入门到入坟 | 〔3〕数据类型

系列文章目录

①：入门
②：基本
③：数据类型

写在前面

本系列教程为C++初学者打造，大佬请直接无视。

一、基本数据类型

C++中有7种最基本的数据类型：

基本类型可以用一些修饰符修饰：

• signed
• unsigned
• long
• short

阅读数据类型储存空间一览查看大多数电脑配置的储存空间。
您也可以运行以下程序获取：

#include<iostream>  
#include <limits>
 
using namespace std;  
  
int main()  
{  
    cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  
    cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(bool);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(char);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(signed char);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned char);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(wchar_t);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(short);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(int);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(unsigned long);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(double);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(long double);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(float);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(size_t);  
    cout << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();  
    cout << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "string: \t" << "所占字节数：" << sizeof(string) << endl;  
    // << "\t最大值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值：" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  
    return 0;  
}

二、typedef声明

您可以使用 typedef 为一个已有的类型取一个新的名字。下面是使用 typedef 定义一个新类型的语法：

typedef type newname;

如C++size_t的定义

typedef unsigned int size_t;
size_t a=5;//合法

类似地，也可以使用#define预处理器，如：

#define newt long long int

注意没有分号且写在前面的是新名字，后面会再详细介绍。

三、枚举类型

见枚举类型