说明:来源培训讲义资料
命令模式
1、概念
??Command模式也叫命令模式 ,是行为设计模式的一种。Command模式通过被称为Command的类封装了对目标对象的调用行为以及调用参数。
??在面向对象的程序设计中,一个对象调用另一个对象,一般情况下的调用过程是:创建目标对象实例;设置调用参数;调用目标对象的方法。 ??但在有些情况下有必要使用一个专门的类对这种调用过程加以封装,我们把这种专门的类称作command类。整个调用过程比较繁杂,或者存在多处这种调用。这时,使用Command类对该调用加以封装,便于功能的再利用。 ??调用前后需要对调用参数进行某些处理。调用前后需要进行某些额外处理,比如日志,缓存,记录历史操作等。
2、角色和职责
- Command
??Command命令的抽象类。 - ConcreteCommand
??Command的具体实现类。 - Receiver
??需要被调用的目标对象。 - Invorker
??通过Invorker执行Command对象。 适用于: ??是将一个请求封装为一个对象,从而使你可用不同的请求对客户端进行参数化;对请求排队或记录请求日志,以及支持可撤销的操作。
3、案例
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "list"
class Vendor
{
public:
void sailbanana() { cout << "卖香蕉" << endl; }
void sailapple() { cout << "卖苹果" << endl; }
};
class Command
{
public:
virtual void sail() = 0;
};
class BananaCommand : public Command
{
public:
BananaCommand(Vendor *v){ m_v = v; }
Vendor *getV(Vendor *v) { return m_v; }
void setV(Vendor *v) { m_v = v; }
virtual void sail() { m_v->sailbanana(); }
private:
Vendor *m_v;
};
class AppleCommand : public Command
{
public:
AppleCommand(Vendor *v) { m_v = v; }
Vendor *getV(Vendor *v) { return m_v; }
void setV(Vendor *v) { m_v = v; }
virtual void sail() { m_v->sailapple(); }
private:
Vendor *m_v;
};
class Waiter
{
public:
Command *getCommand() { return m_command; }
void setCommand(Command *c) { m_command = c; }
void sail() { m_command->sail(); }
private:
Command *m_command;
};
class AdvWaiter
{
public:
AdvWaiter()
{
m_list = new list<Command *>;
m_list->resize(0);
}
~AdvWaiter() { delete m_list; }
void setCommands(Command *c) { m_list->push_back(c); }
list<Command *> * getCommands() { return m_list; }
void sail()
{
for (list<Command *>::iterator it=m_list->begin(); it!=m_list->end(); it++ )
{
(*it)->sail();
}
}
protected:
private:
list<Command *> *m_list;
};
void main25_01()
{
Vendor *v = new Vendor;
v->sailapple();
v->sailbanana();
delete v;
return ;
}
void main25_02()
{
Vendor *v = new Vendor;
AppleCommand *ac = new AppleCommand(v);
ac->sail();
BananaCommand *bc = new BananaCommand(v);
bc->sail();
delete bc;
delete ac;
delete v;
}
void main25_03()
{
Vendor *v = new Vendor;
AppleCommand *ac = new AppleCommand(v);
BananaCommand *bc = new BananaCommand(v);
Waiter *w = new Waiter;
w->setCommand(ac);
w->sail();
w->setCommand(bc);
w->sail();
delete w;
delete bc;
delete ac;
delete v;
}
void main25_04()
{
Vendor *v = new Vendor;
AppleCommand *ac = new AppleCommand(v);
BananaCommand *bc = new BananaCommand(v);
AdvWaiter *w = new AdvWaiter;
w->setCommands(ac);
w->setCommands(bc);
w->sail();
delete w;
delete bc;
delete ac;
delete v;
}
void main()
{
main25_04();
system("pause");
}
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