先来说一下结构体的一些例子
包含创建结构体和初始化操作
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct User {
char name[20];
char sex[5];
int age;
};
struct Student {
string name;
int age;
int score;
}stu;//第三种
int main() {
struct User u1;
strcpy_s(u1.name,"肥学");
u1.age = 12;
strcpy_s(u1.sex,"男");
cout << "name:" << u1.name << "age:" << u1.age << "sex:" << u1.sex << endl;
struct Student s;
s.name = "鸣人";
s.age = 20;
s.score = 80;
cout << "name:" <<s.name << " age:" << s.age << " sex:" << s.score << endl;
struct Student s2={ "pte",20,56 };
cout << "name:" << s2.name << " age:" << s2.age << " sex:" << s2.score << endl;
struct User u2 = { "pter","男",20 };
cout << "name:" << u2.name << " age:" << u2.age << " sex:" << u2.sex << endl;
}
结构体的的一些操作
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct Friend{
string name;
int age;
string sex;
};
struct User {
string name;
int age;
string sex;
struct Friend f;
};
void addFriend(User* u) {
Friend f = { "fei",20,"men" };
u->f = f;
}
void addF2(User& u) {
Friend f = { "xue",20,"men" };
u.f = f;
}
int main() {
//结构体数组
/*User arru[5];
arru[0] = { "pter",20,"men" };
cout << arru[0].name << endl;*/
//结构体指针
/*
User u = { "pter",20,"men" };
User *p = &u;
cout << p->name << endl;*/
//嵌套结构体
/*
User u;
Friend f = { "pter",20,"men" };
u = { "hello",20,"men",f };
cout << u.name << " " << u.f.name << endl;*/
//***结构体做函数的参数***
//地址传递
cout << "地址传递" << endl;
User u = { "pter",20,"men" };
cout << "myname:" << u.name << " fname:" << u.f.name << endl;
addFriend(&u);
cout << "myname:" << u.name << " fname:" << u.f.name << endl;
//引用传递
cout << "引用传递" << endl;
User u2 = { "ppt",20,"men" };
cout << "myname:" << u2.name << " fname:" << u2.f.name << endl;
addF2(u2);
cout << "myname:" << u2.name << " fname:" << u2.f.name << endl;
}
结构体的const
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct User {
const string name;//感觉像Java private
const int age;
const string sex;
};
void printInfo(const User* u) {
cout << u->name<<" " << u->age <<" " <<u->sex << endl;
}
int main() {
User u = { "肥学",20,"男" };
printInfo(&u);
}
案例练习
给每位老师分配几位学生
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;
typedef struct Student {
string name;
int age;
string sex;
}S;
typedef struct Teacher {
string name;
int age;
string sex;
S sarray[5];
}T;
void assignment(T* tarray,int len) {
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
cout << "请输入老师姓名：" ;
cin >> tarray[i].name;
cout << "请输入年龄:";
cin >> tarray[i].age;
cout << "请输入性别：";
cin >> tarray[i].sex;
for (int s = 0; s < 2; s++) {//为了操作方便就输入两位学生信息
cout << "请输入学生姓名：";
cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].name;
//cout << "请输入学生年龄:";
//cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].age;
tarray[i].sarray[s].age = rand() % 18 + 8;
cout << "请输入学生性别：";
cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].sex;
}
}
}
void printInfo(T* tarray,int tnum) {
cout << "信息展示：\n" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < tnum; i++) {
cout << "老师姓名："<<tarray[i].name<<endl;
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
cout << " 学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].name << endl;
cout << " 学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].age << endl;
cout << " 学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].sex << endl;
}
}
}
int main() {
//随机种子
srand((unsigned int )time (NULL));
T tarray[3];
int tnum = sizeof(tarray) / sizeof(tarray[0]);
assignment(tarray,tnum);
printInfo(tarray, tnum);
}
案例练习2
对每个员工的工资进赋值，然后对工资排序输出
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<ctime>
using namespace std;
struct staff {
string name;
int salary;
};
void initStaff(staff* sarray,int len) {
string nameseed = "ABCDE";
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
int r = rand() % 10000 + 3000;
string n = "user_";
string name = n + nameseed[i];
staff s = {name,r };
sarray[i] = s;
}
}
void printInfo(staff* sarray, int len) {
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
cout << "姓名：" << sarray[i].name << " 工资：" << sarray[i].salary << endl;
}
}
void sortSalary(staff* sarray,int len) {
for (int i = len-1; i >0; i--) {
for (int j = len-1; j >= len-i; j--) {
staff maxsalary;
if (sarray[j].salary > sarray[j - 1].salary) {
maxsalary = sarray[j];
sarray[j] = sarray[j - 1];
sarray[j - 1] = maxsalary;
}
}
}
}
int main() {
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
staff sarray[5];
int snum = (sizeof(sarray)) / sizeof(sarray[0]);
initStaff(sarray, snum);
printInfo(sarray, snum);
sortSalary(sarray, snum);
cout << "\n\n按工资排序后:\n" << endl;
printInfo(sarray, snum);
}
