[C++知识库]使用QT设计飞机编队的功能

前言

国庆阅兵的时候，战斗机组成各种编队一起飞过天安门的场景很是壮观，让国人振奋。我们使用软件把编队的方式绘制出来，更加直观的展现给大家。

在一个编队中一般会有一架长机和多架僚机，长机一般处于编队居中或者靠前的位置，而僚机在会在长机的周围，编队的图形一般是对称。
软件实现了以下功能：

1. 一架长机多架僚机；
2. 鼠标点击选中飞机，具有高亮选中效果；
3. 长机或者僚机可以自由的拖动；
4. 长机由红色的五角星表示，僚机由不同的数据来表示；
5. 按住Ctrl键同时点击鼠标左键选中长机然后拖动可以复制一架僚机；
6. 可以通过右键菜单删除僚机；
7. 可以设置僚机与长机的方位距离（每隔方格代表1000米*1000米）；
8. 最多可以展示100架飞机，还可以自由的扩展（修改代码）。
   先看一下实现的效果：
   

开发环境

VS2010 + QT4.8.6 + x64

设计

以上功能使用Qt的GraphicsView和GraphicsScene、GraphicsItem绘制完成，GraphicsScene用来绘制场景，GraphicsView用来展示。每种类型的飞机对应的时候一种类型的Item,所有类型的Item都是通过统一的实体管理器进行管理的。

代码

宏定义 TeamSceneDef.h

#pragma once

//场景的起始像素位置
#define SCENE_START_X (-300)
#define SCENE_START_Y (-300)

//场景的大小
#define SCENE_WIDTH 600
#define SCENE_HEIGHT 600

//格子的长和宽
#define GRID_WIDTH 50
#define GRID_HEIGHT 50

//格子的起始像素位置
#define GRID_START_X (-250)
#define GRID_START_Y (-250)

//格子的终止像素位置
#define GRID_END_X 250
#define GRID_END_Y 250

//格子的行数和列数
#define GRID_ROW_COUNT 10
#define GRID_COL_COUNT 10

//长机初始位置位于格子的行列位置
#define LEADAIRCRAF_ORG_ROW ((GRID_ROW_COUNT - 1)/2)
#define LEADAIRCRAF_ORG_COL ((GRID_COL_COUNT - 1)/2)

//实体图片在每一个格子中的偏移量
#define ITEM_PIAMAP_OFFSET_X 10
#define ITEM_PIAMAP_OFFSET_Y 10

飞机实体定义 EntityPixmapItem.h

#ifndef ENTITYPIXMAPITEM_H
#define ENTITYPIXMAPITEM_H

#include <QGraphicsPixmapItem>



class EntityPixmapItem : public QGraphicsPixmapItem{
public:
	EntityPixmapItem();
	~EntityPixmapItem();

	virtual void setGridPos(int r, int c);

	void getGridPos(int&r, int&c){
		r = _gridRow;
		c = _gridCol;
	}
	int&getGridRow(){
		return _gridRow;
	}
	int&getGridCol(){
		return _gridCol;
	}

	void setLeadAircraft(bool b = false){
		_isLeadAircraft = b;
	}
	bool&getLeadAircraft(){
		return _isLeadAircraft;
	}

	void setSelected(bool b);
	bool&getSelected(){
		return _isSelected;
	}

	QRect&getRectRange(){
		return _rectRange;
	}

	
protected:
	virtual void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)override;
protected:

	//当前Item在10*10格子中的位置
	int _gridRow, _gridCol;

	//在Item中绘制图片的偏移量
	int _offsetX,_offsetY;

	//Item所在的矩形范围
	QRect _rectRange;

	//长机
	bool _isLeadAircraft;

	//是否被选中
	bool _isSelected;
};

#endif // ENTITYPIXMAPITEM_H

#include <QPainter>
#include <QPen>
#include "EntityPixmapItem.h"
#include "TeamSceneDef.h"

EntityPixmapItem::EntityPixmapItem()
	: QGraphicsPixmapItem(){
		_gridRow = -1;
		_gridCol = -1;

		_offsetX = ITEM_PIAMAP_OFFSET_X;
		_offsetY = ITEM_PIAMAP_OFFSET_Y;

		_isLeadAircraft = false;
		_isSelected = false;
}

EntityPixmapItem::~EntityPixmapItem(){

}

void EntityPixmapItem::setGridPos(int r, int c){
	_gridRow = r;
	_gridCol = c;
	_rectRange = QRect(GRID_START_X + _gridRow * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_START_Y +_gridCol * GRID_HEIGHT , GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT);
	setPos(_rectRange.left(),_rectRange.top());
	setOffset(_offsetX,_offsetY);
}

void EntityPixmapItem::setSelected(bool b){
	_isSelected = b;
	update();
}

void EntityPixmapItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget){
	//1.绘制军标
	QGraphicsPixmapItem::paint(painter,option,widget);

	QPixmap&pmp = pixmap();

	//绘制选中效果
	if (_isSelected){
		painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
		QBrush brush(QColor(255,255,0,100));
		painter->setBrush(brush);
		painter->drawEllipse(_offsetX, _offsetY, pmp.width(), pmp.height());
	}
}

长机定义 LeadAircraftEntityItem.h

#ifndef LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H
#define LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H
#include "EntityPixmapItem.h"
class QSvgRenderer;
class QPixmap;

//长机实体Item

class LeadAircraftEntityItem: public EntityPixmapItem{
public:
	LeadAircraftEntityItem();
	~LeadAircraftEntityItem();

protected:
	void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)override;
private:
	//SVG图片
	QSvgRenderer* _svgRender;
	QPixmap*_svgPixmap;
};

#endif // LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H

#include <QPainter>
#include <QSvgRenderer>
#include "LeadAircraftEntityItem.h"

LeadAircraftEntityItem::LeadAircraftEntityItem(){
	_svgRender = nullptr;
	_svgPixmap = nullptr;
}

LeadAircraftEntityItem::~LeadAircraftEntityItem(){

}

void LeadAircraftEntityItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget){
	EntityPixmapItem::paint(painter, option, widget);

	//长(zhang)机
	if (_svgPixmap == nullptr){
		_svgRender = new QSvgRenderer;
		_svgRender->load(QString("lead.svg"));
		_svgPixmap = new QPixmap(15,15);
		_svgPixmap->fill(Qt::transparent);
		QPainter p(_svgPixmap);
		_svgRender->render(&p);
	}

	//长机绘制图片
	painter->drawPixmap(_offsetX , _offsetY , 15, 15, *_svgPixmap);
}

僚机定义：LeadAircraftEntityItem

#ifndef LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H
#define LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H
#include "EntityPixmapItem.h"
class QSvgRenderer;
class QPixmap;

//长机实体Item

class LeadAircraftEntityItem: public EntityPixmapItem{
public:
	LeadAircraftEntityItem();
	~LeadAircraftEntityItem();

protected:
	void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)override;
private:
	//SVG图片
	QSvgRenderer* _svgRender;
	QPixmap*_svgPixmap;
};

#endif // LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H

#include <QPainter>
#include <QSvgRenderer>
#include "LeadAircraftEntityItem.h"

LeadAircraftEntityItem::LeadAircraftEntityItem(){
	_svgRender = nullptr;
	_svgPixmap = nullptr;
}

LeadAircraftEntityItem::~LeadAircraftEntityItem(){

}

void LeadAircraftEntityItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget){
	EntityPixmapItem::paint(painter, option, widget);

	//长(zhang)机
	if (_svgPixmap == nullptr){
		_svgRender = new QSvgRenderer;
		_svgRender->load(QString("lead.svg"));
		_svgPixmap = new QPixmap(15,15);
		_svgPixmap->fill(Qt::transparent);
		QPainter p(_svgPixmap);
		_svgRender->render(&p);
	}

	//长机绘制图片
	painter->drawPixmap(_offsetX , _offsetY , 15, 15, *_svgPixmap);
}

场景定义 TeamGraphicsScene

#ifndef TEAMGRAPHICSSCENE_H
#define TEAMGRAPHICSSCENE_H
#include <QGraphicsPixmapItem>
#include <QGraphicsScene>
#include <QVector>

class QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent;
class MyDefinePlatformEntity;
class EntityPixmapItem;
class QMenu;
class QAction;
class GuiItemSetting;
/*————————————————————————————————————— 编队场景 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————*/

class TeamGraphicsScene : public QGraphicsScene{
	Q_OBJECT

public:
	TeamGraphicsScene(QObject *parent = nullptr);
	~TeamGraphicsScene();

	void setEntity();
private:
	void init();

	void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)override;
	void mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)override;
	void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)override;

	void moveEntityItem(QPointF movePt);
	void moveVirtualItem(QPointF movePt);

private slots:
	void slotDelete();
	void slotSetting();
private:
	int _x, _y, _width, _hight;

	//保存所有表格的位置信息
	QRect _gridTeam[10][10];

	bool _leftBtnDown ;
	QPointF _leftBtnDownPos;//鼠标按下时的坐标
	QPointF _mouseMovePt;//鼠标滑动时的坐标

	//鼠标左键按下时选中的实体项
	EntityPixmapItem* _selectEntityItem;

	//拖动时虚拟的军标图形
	QGraphicsPixmapItem* _virtualPixmap;

	//菜单
	QMenu* _menu;
	QAction* _actionDelete;  //删除
	QAction* _actionSetting; //设置

	GuiItemSetting* _guiItemSetting;
};

#endif // TEAMGRAPHICSSCENE_H

#include <QApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QAction>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QGraphicsEllipseItem>
#include <QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent>
#include "TeamGraphicsScene.h"
#include "EntityPixmapItem.h"
#include "LeadAircraftEntityItem.h"
#include "WingmanEntityItem.h"
#include "EntityItemManager.h"
#include "TeamSceneDef.h"
#include "GuiItemSetting.h"

TeamGraphicsScene::TeamGraphicsScene(QObject *parent)
	: QGraphicsScene(parent){
	//设置场景的大小
	 _x = SCENE_START_X;
	 _y = SCENE_START_Y;
	 _width = SCENE_WIDTH;
	 _hight = SCENE_HEIGHT;

	 _leftBtnDown = false;

	 _selectEntityItem = nullptr;
	 _virtualPixmap = nullptr;

	_menu = nullptr;
	_actionDelete = nullptr;  //删除
	_actionSetting = nullptr; //设置
	_guiItemSetting = nullptr;
	 init();
}

/*
*  定义坐标系：
*  X轴：向右为正（东） Y轴：向上为正（北）
*  绘制场景的范围 （-250,-250） 到 （250,250）,每个小格子的大小是 50*50
*/
TeamGraphicsScene::~TeamGraphicsScene(){

}

void TeamGraphicsScene::setEntity(){
	
	QPixmap* pixmap = new QPixmap(32,32);
	pixmap->load("001.png");
	QPixmap pmp = pixmap->scaled(32,32);

	LeadAircraftEntityItem* jbItem = new LeadAircraftEntityItem;
	jbItem->setPixmap(pmp);
	jbItem->setGridPos(LEADAIRCRAF_ORG_ROW/*4*/, LEADAIRCRAF_ORG_COL/*4*/);
	jbItem->setLeadAircraft(true);//设为长机
	EntityItemMgr()->setLeadAircraftItem(jbItem);
	addItem(jbItem);

	//创建出一个虚拟的军标图像Item
	_virtualPixmap = new QGraphicsPixmapItem;
	_virtualPixmap->setPixmap(pmp);
	_virtualPixmap->setVisible(false);//首先隐藏掉
	addItem(_virtualPixmap);
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::init(){
	setSceneRect(_x, _y, _width, _hight);

	QPen pen;
	pen.setColor(Qt::lightGray);
	pen.setWidth(1);

	//中心点
	QGraphicsEllipseItem* ellipCenter = new QGraphicsEllipseItem(-2, -2, 4, 4);
	ellipCenter->setPen(pen);
	addItem(ellipCenter);

	/*————————————————————————————————————— 绘制坐标系 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————*/
	//绘制横轴
	QGraphicsLineItem* lineX = new QGraphicsLineItem(GRID_START_X/*-250*/, 0, GRID_END_X/*250*/, 0);
	lineX->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineX);

	//绘制横轴箭头
	QGraphicsLineItem* lineXArrows1 = new QGraphicsLineItem(-GRID_START_X-10/*240*/, 5, GRID_END_X/*250*/, 0);
	lineXArrows1->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineXArrows1);

	QGraphicsLineItem* lineXArrows2 = new QGraphicsLineItem(-GRID_START_X-10, -5, GRID_END_X/*250*/, 0);
	lineXArrows2->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineXArrows2);

	QFont font;
	font.setFamily(QString::fromUtf8("微软雅黑"));
	font.setPointSize(12);
	QGraphicsTextItem* tX = new QGraphicsTextItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit("X(东)"));
	tX->setDefaultTextColor(Qt::yellow);
	tX->setFont(font);
	tX->setPos(GRID_END_X + 3, 0);
	addItem(tX);

	//绘制纵轴
	QGraphicsLineItem* lineY = new QGraphicsLineItem(0, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/, 0, GRID_END_Y/*250*/);
	lineY->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineY);

	/*
	*  Y轴的方向与实际屏幕的绘制方向正好相反
	*/
	//绘制纵轴箭头
	QGraphicsLineItem* lineYArrows1 = new QGraphicsLineItem(0, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/, 5, -GRID_END_Y + 10/*-240*/);
	lineYArrows1->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineYArrows1);

	QGraphicsLineItem* lineYArrows2 = new QGraphicsLineItem(0, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/, -5, -GRID_END_Y + 10/*-240*/);
	lineYArrows2->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineYArrows2);

	QGraphicsTextItem* tY = new QGraphicsTextItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit("Y(北)"));
	tY->setDefaultTextColor(Qt::yellow);
	tY->setFont(font);
	tY->setPos(3, GRID_START_Y - 3);
	addItem(tY);

	/*————————————————————————————————————— 绘制网格 —————————————————————————————————————————*/

	//绘制行
	pen.setStyle(Qt::DashLine);
	for (int row = 0; row < 11; row ++){
		QGraphicsLineItem* lineRow = new QGraphicsLineItem(GRID_START_X/*-250*/, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/ + row * GRID_HEIGHT/*50*/, GRID_END_X, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/ + row * GRID_HEIGHT/*50*/);
		lineRow->setPen(pen);
		addItem(lineRow);
	}
	//绘制列
	for (int col = 0; col < 11; col ++){
		QGraphicsLineItem* lineRow = new QGraphicsLineItem(GRID_START_Y/*-250*/ + col * GRID_WIDTH/*50*/, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/ + col*GRID_WIDTH/*50*/ , GRID_END_Y/*250*/);
		lineRow->setPen(pen);
		addItem(lineRow);
	}

	//计算格子
	for (int row = 0; row < 10; row ++){
		for (int col = 0; col < 10; col ++){
			_gridTeam[row][col] = QRect( -250 + row * 50 , -250 + 50 * col , 50, 50);
#if 0
			//显示格子
			QGraphicsRectItem* rect = new QGraphicsRectItem(_gridTeam[row][col]);
			pen.setColor(Qt::yellow);
			rect->setPen(pen);
			addItem(rect);

			QGraphicsTextItem* t = new QGraphicsTextItem(QString("(%1,%2)").arg(row).arg(col));
			t->setDefaultTextColor(Qt::yellow);
			t->setFont(font);
			
			t->setPos(_gridTeam[row][col].left() , _gridTeam[row][col].top());
			addItem(t);
#endif
		}
	}

}

void TeamGraphicsScene::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){
	if (event->button() & Qt::LeftButton) {
		_leftBtnDown = true;
		QPointF point = event->scenePos();
		_selectEntityItem = EntityItemMgr()->clickItem(point);
		if (_selectEntityItem!= nullptr){
			if (_selectEntityItem->getLeadAircraft() && QApplication::keyboardModifiers() == Qt::ControlModifier){//选中长机并且按下Ctrl键
				//1.根据长机数据创建一个僚机
				WingmanEntityItem* copyItem = new WingmanEntityItem;
				int copyItemRow = -1, copyItemCol = -1;
				_selectEntityItem->getGridPos(copyItemRow, copyItemCol);
				copyItem->setGridPos(copyItemRow, copyItemCol);//设置在方格中的位置
				copyItem->setLeadAircraft(false);//设置僚机
				copyItem->setPixmap(_selectEntityItem->pixmap());//设置图片

				//2.保存僚机
				copyItem->setRoleID(EntityItemMgr()->createRoleID());//设置僚机的RoleID
				EntityItemMgr()->addWingmanItem(copyItem);
				addItem(copyItem);

				_selectEntityItem = copyItem;
			}
			//把虚图标移动到正确的位置，但是不需要显示出来
			moveVirtualItem(point);
		}
	}
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){
	QPointF movePt = event->scenePos();
	if (_leftBtnDown && _selectEntityItem != nullptr){//鼠标左键按下
		//移动实体军表项
		moveEntityItem(movePt);

		
		//显示出来并且移动虚拟的军标项
		_virtualPixmap->setVisible(true);
		moveVirtualItem(movePt);
	}
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){
	if (event->button() & Qt::LeftButton) {
		_leftBtnDown = false;
		_virtualPixmap->setVisible(false);
	}else if (event->button() & Qt::RightButton) {//右键弹出菜单
		if (_selectEntityItem != nullptr && !_selectEntityItem->getLeadAircraft()){//僚机
			QMenu popMenu;
			QAction* actionDelete = popMenu.addAction(QString::fromLocal8Bit("删除"), this, SLOT(slotDelete()));
			QAction* actionSetting = popMenu.addAction(QString::fromLocal8Bit("设置"), this, SLOT(slotSetting()));
			popMenu.exec(QCursor::pos());
		}
	}
}

/*
*  鼠标选中移动实体
*  鼠标首先移动到他周边的8个方格内
*
*  +--------+
*  |1 |2 |3 |
*  -----------
*  |4 |E |6 |
*  ----------
*  |7 |8 |9 |
*  +--------+
*/
void TeamGraphicsScene::moveEntityItem(QPointF movePt){
	int currentRow = -1, currentCol = -1;
	_selectEntityItem->getGridPos(currentRow, currentCol);
	for (int col = currentCol - 1; col <= currentCol + 1; col ++){
		for (int row = currentRow - 1; row <= currentRow + 1; row ++){
			if (row < 0 || row > GRID_ROW_COUNT - 1){//超出行边界
				continue;
			}
			if (col < 0 || col > GRID_COL_COUNT - 1){//超出列边界
				continue;
			}
			if (row == currentRow && col == currentCol){//排除当前位置
				continue;
			}
			if (_gridTeam[row][col].contains(movePt.toPoint())) {
				_selectEntityItem->setGridPos(row, col);
				_selectEntityItem->update();

				//计算长机和僚机之间的距离
				EntityItemMgr()->resetGridLength(_selectEntityItem);

				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::moveVirtualItem(QPointF movePt){
	QPixmap&pmp = _virtualPixmap->pixmap();
	int w = pmp.width();
	int h = pmp.height();
	_virtualPixmap->setPos(movePt.x() - w/2, movePt.y() - h/2);
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::slotDelete(){
	if (0 == QMessageBox::question(nullptr, QString::fromLocal8Bit("删除"),  QString::fromLocal8Bit("确定要删除？"), QString::fromLocal8Bit("确定"), QString::fromLocal8Bit("取消"), QString::fromLocal8Bit(""), 1)) {
		//1.在管理器中移除掉
		EntityItemMgr()->deleteWingmanItem(dynamic_cast<WingmanEntityItem*>(_selectEntityItem));
		//2.在场景中移除
		removeItem(_selectEntityItem);

		_selectEntityItem = nullptr;
	}
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::slotSetting(){
	if (_guiItemSetting == nullptr){
		_guiItemSetting = new GuiItemSetting;
	}
	_guiItemSetting->initEntityPixmapItem(dynamic_cast<WingmanEntityItem*>(_selectEntityItem));
	_guiItemSetting->setAttribute(Qt::WA_ShowModal);
	_guiItemSetting->show();
}

调用场景

void QtGuiTeam::setEntity(MyDefinePlatformEntity* myDefinePlatformEntity){
	_myDefinePlatformEntity = myDefinePlatformEntity;
	_teamGraphicsScene->setEntity();
}

void QtGuiTeam::init(){
	ui.graphicsView->setBackgroundBrush(QBrush(QColor(64, 128, 128)));
	ui.graphicsView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);//反锯齿设置

	ui.graphicsView->setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
	ui.graphicsView->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);

	_teamGraphicsScene = new TeamGraphicsScene;
	ui.graphicsView->setScene(_teamGraphicsScene);
}

设置僚机和长机的距离方位

void GuiItemSetting::slotOK(){
	LeadAircraftEntityItem*leadAircraft = EntityItemMgr()->getLeadAircraftItem();

	double x = ui.lineEditX->text().toDouble();
	double y = ui.lineEditY->text().toDouble();
	double z = ui.lineEditZ->text().toDouble();

	_wingmanEntityItem->setOffsetLeadAircraftX(x);
	int xOffset = (int)x/(int)EntityItemMgr()->getGridWidth() + ((int)x % (int)EntityItemMgr()->getGridWidth() == 0 ? 0 : 1);

	_wingmanEntityItem->setOffsetLeadAircraftY(y);
	int yOffset = (int)y/(int)EntityItemMgr()->getGridHeight() + ((int)y % (int)EntityItemMgr()->getGridHeight() == 0 ? 0 : 1);
	_wingmanEntityItem->setGridPos(leadAircraft->getGridRow() + xOffset, leadAircraft->getGridCol() - yOffset);

	_wingmanEntityItem->setOffsetLeadAircraftZ(z);

	_wingmanEntityItem->update();
	close();
}

aaa.