学习目标:
学习内容:
1.继承的方式
继承的基本语法:class 子类:继承方式 父类 继承方式主要有:
- 公共继承(public);
- 保护继承(protected);
- 私有继承(private)
1.1 公共继承
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
int m_A;
protected:
int m_B;
private:
int m_C;
};
class Son :public Base
{
public:
void func()
{
m_A = 10;
m_B = 10;
}
};
void test()
{
Son s;
s.m_A = 100;
cout << s.m_A << endl;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
1.2 保护继承
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
int m_A;
protected:
int m_B;
private:
int m_C;
};
class Son :protected Base
{
public:
void func()
{
m_A = 10;
m_B = 10;
}
};
void test()
{
Son s;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
1.3 保护继承
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base1
{
public:
int m_A;
protected:
int m_B;
private:
int m_C;
};
class Son :private Base1
{
public:
void func()
{
m_A = 10;
m_B = 10;
}
};
void test()
{
Son s;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2.继承的对象模型
子类继承父类的相关属性之后,有哪些是属于子类上的对象。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
int m_A;
protected:
int m_B;
private:
int m_C;
};
class Son :public Base
{
public:
int m_D;
};
void test()
{
cout << "Size of Son " << sizeof(Son) << endl;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3.继承中构造和析构的顺序
在继承中,构造函数和析构函数是如何调用的?
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
Base()
{
cout << "父类Base的构造函数!!" << endl;
}
~Base()
{
cout << "父类Base的析构函数!!" << endl;
}
};
class Son:public Base
{
public:
Son()
{
cout << "子类Son的构造函数!!" << endl;
}
~Son()
{
cout << "子类Son的析构函数!!" << endl;
}
};
void test()
{
Son s;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4.继承中同名处理方式
当子类和父类出现同名的成员时,如何通过子类对象去访问子类或者父类中同名的数据?
访问子类同名成员,直接访问即可; 访问父类同名成员,需要加上作用域;
4.1 继承中同名成员属性的处理
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
Base()
{
m_A = 100;
}
int m_A;
};
class Son :public Base
{
public:
Son()
{
m_A = 200;
}
int m_A;
};
void test()
{
Son s;
cout << "Son m_A = " << s.m_A << endl;
cout << "Base m_A = " << s.Base::m_A << endl;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4.2 继承中同名成员函数的处理
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
void func()
{
cout << "Base--func()函数调用!!" << endl;
}
void func(int a)
{
cout << "Base--func(int a)函数调用!!" << endl;
}
};
class Son :public Base
{
public:
void func()
{
cout << "Son--func()函数的调用!!" << endl;
}
};
void test()
{
Son s;
s.func();
s.Base::func();
s.Base::func(100);
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
5.继承同名静态成员处理方式
问题:继承中同名静态成员在子类对象上如何访问?
- 静态成员和非静态成员出现同名时,处理方式一致;
- 访问子类同名成员,直接访问即可;
- 访问父类同名成员,需要加作用域;
5.1 继承中同名静态成员属性处理方式
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
static int m_A;
};
int Base::m_A = 100;
class Son :public Base
{
public:
static int m_A;
};
int Son::m_A = 200;
void test()
{
Son s;
cout << "通过对象访问:" << endl;
cout << "\tSon m_A: " << s.m_A << endl;
cout << "\tBase m_A: " << s.Base::m_A << endl;
cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "通过类名访问:" << endl;
cout << "\tSon m_A: " << Son::m_A << endl;
cout << "\tBase m_A: " << Base::m_A << endl;
cout << "\tBase m_A: " << Son::Base::m_A << endl;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
5.2 继承中同名静态成员函数处理方式
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
static void func()
{
cout << "父类的调用!!!!!" << endl;
}
};
class Son :public Base
{
public:
static void func()
{
cout << "子类的调用!!!!" << endl;
}
};
void test()
{
cout << "通过对象访问:" << endl;
Son s;
s.func();
s.Base::func();
cout << "---------------------------------------------" << endl;
cout << "通过类名访问:" << endl;
Son::func();
Base::func();
Son::Base::func();
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
6.多继承的语法
c++中允许一个类继承多个类 语法:class 子类: 继承方式 父类1,继承方式 父类, …… 多继承可能导致父类中有同名成员的出现,需要加上作用域; 在实际开发应用中,不建议用多继承!!!!!!!!!!
7.菱形继承问题和解决方案
概念:两个派生类继承同一个类,又有另一个类同时继承这两个派生类。 引发的问题:
- 羊和驼都继承了动物的属性,当羊驼使用数据时就会产生二义性;
- 羊驼继承了两份数据,造出来资源浪费。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
int m_Age;
};
class sheep : public Animal {};
class camel : public Animal {};
class Alpaca :public sheep, public camel {};
void test()
{
Alpaca al;
al.sheep::m_Age = 100;
al.camel::m_Age = 150;
cout << "camel的年龄为:" << al.camel::m_Age << endl;
cout << "sheep的年龄为:" << al.sheep::m_Age << endl;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
7.1.虚继承解决菱形继承
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Animal
{
public:
int m_Age;
};
class sheep:virtual public Animal{};
class camel:virtual public Animal{};
class Alpaca:public sheep, public camel{};
void test()
{
Alpaca al;
al.sheep::m_Age = 100;
al.camel::m_Age = 150;
cout << "camel的年龄为:" << al.camel::m_Age << endl;
cout << "sheep的年龄为:" << al.sheep::m_Age << endl;
}
int main()
{
test();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
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