??????? 在很多项目中,我们多少会用到第三方动态库,这些动态库一般都是相对固定,使用也很简单,在工程中包含其头文件,并将动态库在编译时动态链接进去就能调用头文件接口实现调用。
??????? 但也有不少这种情况,就是我们需要自己创建一个个功能模块的动态库,然后给我们集成软件来调用。由于项目是不断迭代及增量开发,因此对于这些动态库的使用就会有按需加载、按时加载、按配置加载等设计,并需要满足不断增加功能支持。
? 一、动态库加载实现
??????? 在win下,其LoadLibrary、LoadLibrary、FreeLibrary等API实现库加载、卸载的能力,而GetProcAddress等API提供从加载模块中检索指定的动态链接库(DLL)中的输出库函数地址,依据传入模块句柄、函数名称相关参数就能实现动态链接库接口调用。
??????? 注:动态库本身必须使用关键字__declspec(dllexport),暴露dll中的变量或方法,编译dll文件的时候,在dll头文件声明的变量名称前添加dllexport。表明把 dll中的相关代码(类,函数,全局变量)暴露出来为以后其他应用程序使用;对于调用库文件的应用程序,__declspec(dllexport)是不必要,与_declspec(dllexport)相呼应的_declspec(dllimport),意思是当其他工程要使用dll 内部代码(类,函数,全局变量)时,就在dll头文件中声明的变量名称前添加dllimport关键字,虽然不是必须,但加入了代码会更明确,编译器也可以生成更好的代码;简要来说就是,动态库的cpp文件中加关键字__declspec(dllexport),动态库的h文件中加关键字_declspec(dllimport)。
??????? 在linux下,类似的,其提供了dlopen、dlclose等API实现库加载、卸载的能力,同等地,dlsym等API函数提供了从动态加载链接库中获取函数地址的能力,依据传入模块句柄、函数名称相关参数能实现动态链接库接口调用。
??????? 一般来说,动态库提供的接口服务有函数服务接口和类服务接口,对于前者,直接获取函数地址就可以实现调用,而对于类服务接口,则需要先获取类实例地址,在取得实例地址后,就相当于通常类使用那样,然后通过实例句柄实现其内部的函数调用。
二、代码工程设计
??????? 本文将将win、linux加载、卸载动态库,并从动态库链接模块中获取类实例或函数地址等封装成统一的API接口,并集成在dllLoad.h/dllLoad.cpp中实现。构建一个注册类RegisterM,内置一个map容器,用来装载加载的动态库模块,并统一提供模块索引、及从模块中实现类实例获取、删除、函数地址获取等功能。
??????? 在动态库实现方面,提供一个虚拟元类MetaObject,然后在库的cpp文件中建立子类继承该类,实现其具体功能,并在cpp文件中直接提供函数API,这些API函数不在头文件中声明,需要extern关键字修饰。
dll_test
bin #程序输出目录及库文件输出父目录
Debug #win debug 库文件输出目录,编译时自动创建
linux #Linux库文件输出目录,编译时自动创建
Release #win Release库文件输出目录,编译时自动创建
build_linux
lib #Linux库文件编译过程文件存储目录,编译时自动创建
build_win
lib #win库文件编译过程文件存储目录,编译时自动创建
lib
CMakeLists.txt #win库文件cmake工程
metaObject.h #win库文件,调用库文件的应用程序需要该头文件
testlib.cpp #库文件功能实现
src
dllload.h #动态库加载、卸载、获取实例或函数地址的API集合
dllload.cpp
register.h #动态库注册、管理、注销及库的类实例或函数调用实现
register.cpp
test.cpp #应用程序,库文件使用测试代码
CMakeLists.txt
??????? metaObject.h
#ifndef METAOBJECT_H
#define METAOBJECT_H
class MetaObject
{
public:
MetaObject(){};
virtual ~MetaObject(){};
virtual int add(int a, int b) const = 0;
virtual void setVal(int _val) =0;
virtual int getVal() const = 0;
};
//
typedef MetaObject* create_t();
typedef void destroy_t(MetaObject*);
//typedef _declspec(dllimport) void destroy_t(MetaObject*); //window
#endif
testlib.cpp
#include "metaObject.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#ifdef WIN32
#ifdef __cplusplus
#define EXPORT_DLL extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
#else
#define EXPORT_DLL __declspec(dllexport)
#endif
#else
#define EXPORT_DLL extern "C"
#endif
class MetaObject_child : public MetaObject {
public:
virtual int add(int a, int b) const
{
return a+b;
};
virtual void setVal(int _val){
val = _val;
};
virtual int getVal() const{
return val;
};
private:
int val;
};
// the class factories
EXPORT_DLL MetaObject* create() {
return new MetaObject_child();
}
EXPORT_DLL void destroy(MetaObject* p) {
delete p;
}
//the funs factories
EXPORT_DLL void testfunc01(int a)
{
std::cout << "a="<<a<<std::endl;
}
EXPORT_DLL int testfunc02(int b)
{
return b*b;
}
CMakeLists.txt,用于生成库文件,作为subdir,被应用程序CMakeLists.txt调用
#lib项目信息
project (testlib)
#
SET(source_h
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/metaObject.h
)
SET(source_cpp
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/testlib.cpp
)
#头文件目录
include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
#
if (${WIN_OS})
#将库文件输出到Debug或Release目录下,文件目录编译时自动创建
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../bin)
if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
add_library(testlibd SHARED ${source_h} ${source_cpp})
else(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
add_library(testlib SHARED ${source_h} ${source_cpp})
endif (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
else(${WIN_OS})
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/../bin/linux)
# 指定生成目标
add_library(testlib SHARED ${source_h} ${source_cpp})
endif(${WIN_OS})
dlload.h
#ifndef DLLOAD_H
#define DLLOAD_H
#if defined(WIN32)
#include <windows.h>
typedef HMODULE MODULE_HANDLE;
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
typedef void * MODULE_HANDLE;
#endif
MODULE_HANDLE gdl_Open(const char *plname);
void gdl_Close(MODULE_HANDLE h);
void *gdl_GetProc(MODULE_HANDLE h, const char *pfname);
char* gdl_GetLastError();
#endif
dlload.cpp
#include "dlload.h"
#if defined(WIN32)
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
#include <dlfcn.h>
#endif
MODULE_HANDLE gdl_Open(const char *plname)
{
#if defined(WIN32)
return LoadLibraryA (plname);
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
return dlopen( plname, RTLD_NOW|RTLD_GLOBAL);
#endif
};
void gdl_Close(MODULE_HANDLE h)
{
if(h)
{
#if defined(WIN32)
FreeLibrary(h);
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
dlclose (h);
#endif
}
};
void *gdl_GetProc(MODULE_HANDLE h, const char *pfname)
{
if(h)
{
#if defined(WIN32)
return (void *)GetProcAddress(h, pfname);
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
return dlsym(h,pfname);
#endif
}
return 0;
};
char* gdl_GetLastError()
{
#if defined(WIN32)
return (char*)::GetLastError();
#endif
#if defined(__linux__)
return dlerror();
#endif
}
register.h
#ifndef REGISTER_H
#define REGISTER_H
#include <map>
#include "dlload.h"
#include "metaObject.h"
class RegisterM
{
public:
enum MethodType { Method, Constructor };//函数类型
enum Access { Private, Protected, Public };//访问方式
enum CallType {Asynchronous,Synchronous};//函数调用方式
enum SetType {SetVal,getVal};//属性值设置
public:
RegisterM(){};
~RegisterM(){};
//注册类库
int registerObject(const char* objectName, const char* conf);
//注销类库
bool unregisterObject(const char* objectName);
//创建实例类
create_t* getInstance(const char* objectName);
//析构实例类
destroy_t* rmInstance(const char* objectName);
//函数调用
void* getFunc(const char* objectName,char* funcName);
private:
MODULE_HANDLE index ( const char * Name );
private:
std::map<char *, MODULE_HANDLE> libmap;
};
#endif
register.cpp
#include "register.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
int RegisterM::registerObject(const char* objectName, const char* conf)
{
MODULE_HANDLE load_handle= gdl_Open(conf);
if (!load_handle) {
std::cerr << "Cannot load library: " << conf
<< " Error:" << gdl_GetLastError() << '\n';
return -1;
}
libmap[const_cast<char*>(objectName)]=load_handle;
return 1;
}
bool RegisterM::unregisterObject(const char* objectName)
{
std::map<char *, MODULE_HANDLE>::iterator it=libmap.find(const_cast<char*>(objectName));
if (it!=libmap.end())
{
gdl_Close(it->second);
libmap.erase(it);
return true;
}
return false;
}
create_t* RegisterM::getInstance(const char* objectName)
{
MODULE_HANDLE _handle = index(objectName);
if (NULL!=_handle)
{
create_t* create_instance = (create_t*) gdl_GetProc(_handle, "create");
const char* dlsym_error = gdl_GetLastError();
if (dlsym_error) {
std::cerr << "Cannot load symbol create error: " << dlsym_error << '\n';
return NULL;
}else{
return create_instance;
}
}
return NULL;
}
destroy_t* RegisterM::rmInstance(const char* objectName)
{
MODULE_HANDLE _handle = index(objectName);
if (NULL!=_handle)
{
destroy_t* destroy_instance = (destroy_t*) gdl_GetProc(_handle, "destroy");
const char* dlsym_error = gdl_GetLastError();
if (dlsym_error) {
std::cerr << "Cannot load symbol create: " << dlsym_error << '\n';
return NULL;
}else{
return destroy_instance;
}
}
return NULL;
}
void* RegisterM::getFunc(const char* objectName,char* funcName)
{
MODULE_HANDLE _handle = index(objectName);
if (NULL!=_handle)
{
void* ret = gdl_GetProc(_handle,funcName);
const char* dlsym_error = gdl_GetLastError();
if (dlsym_error) {
std::cerr << "Cannot load symbol create: " << dlsym_error << '\n';
return NULL;
}else{
return ret;
}
}
return NULL;
}
MODULE_HANDLE RegisterM::index ( const char * Name )
{
std::map<char *, MODULE_HANDLE>::iterator it=libmap.find(const_cast<char*>(Name));
if (it!=libmap.end())
{
return it->second;
}else{
std::cerr << "Cannot find library: " << Name << '\n';
}
return NULL;
}
??????? test.cpp
#include "register.h"
#include <stdint.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
RegisterM *rm = new RegisterM();
char libname[128] = "test";
#ifdef WIN32
#ifdef _DEBUG
char libpath[128] = ".\\Debug\\testlibd.dll";
#else
char libpath[128] = ".\\Release\\testlib.dll";
#endif
#endif
#ifdef __linux__
char libpath[128] = "./linux/libtestlib.so";
#endif
int ret = rm->registerObject(libname,libpath);
if (ret>0)
{
std::cout<<"registerObject success"<<std::endl;
create_t* create_instance = rm->getInstance(libname);
if (NULL!=create_instance)
{
std::cout<<"getInstance success"<<std::endl;
MetaObject* _instance = create_instance();
int _sum = _instance->add(7,8);
std::cout<<"sum="<<_sum<<std::endl;
_instance->setVal(15);
std::cout<<"_instance->val="<<_instance->getVal()<<std::endl;
void (*pa)(int a);
*(void**)(&pa) = rm->getFunc((char*)libname,(char*)"testfunc01");
pa(6);
int (*fa)(int a);
*(void**)(&fa) = rm->getFunc((char*)libname,(char*)"testfunc02");
std::cout<<"fa(5)="<<fa(5)<<std::endl;
destroy_t* destroy_instance = rm->rmInstance(libname);
if (NULL!=destroy_instance)
{
std::cout<<"rmInstance success"<<std::endl;
destroy_instance(_instance);
}
}else{
std::cout<<"getInstance failed"<<std::endl;
}
bool re = rm->unregisterObject(libname);
if (re)
{
std::cout<<"unregisterObject success"<<std::endl;
}
}
return 0;
};
CMakeLists.txt
# CMake 最低版本号要求
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8)
# 项目信息
project (dll_test)
#
if(WIN32)
message(STATUS "windows compiling...")
add_definitions(-D_PLATFORM_IS_WINDOWS_)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} /MT")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} /MTd")
set(WIN_OS true)
else(WIN32)
message(STATUS "linux compiling...")
add_definitions( -D_PLATFORM_IS_LINUX_)
add_definitions("-Wno-invalid-source-encoding")
# add_definitions("-O2")
set(UNIX_OS true)
set(_DEBUG true)
endif(WIN32)
#
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)
# 指定源文件的目录,并将名称保存到变量
SET(source_h_lib
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib/metaObject.h
)
SET(source_h_src
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/dlload.h
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/register.h
)
SET(source_cpp_src
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/dlload.cpp
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/register.cpp
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/test.cpp
)
#头文件目录
include_directories(
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib
${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src
)
add_subdirectory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/lib ./lib)
if (${UNIX_OS})
add_definitions(
"-W"
"-fPIC"
"-Wall"
# "-Wall -g"
"-Werror"
"-Wshadow"
"-Wformat"
"-Wpointer-arith"
"-D_REENTRANT"
"-D_USE_FAST_MACRO"
"-Wno-long-long"
"-Wuninitialized"
"-D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS"
"-DACL_PREPARE_COMPILE"
"-Wno-unused-parameter"
"-fexceptions"
)
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG} -O0")
link_directories(
"${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}"/linux
)
# 指定生成目标
add_executable(dll_test ${source_h_lib} ${source_h_src} ${source_cpp_src})
#link
target_link_libraries(dll_test testlib -ldl)
endif(${UNIX_OS})
if (${WIN_OS})
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} /wd4819")
add_definitions(
"-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS"
"-D_WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS"
"-DNO_WARN_MBCS_MFC_DEPRECATION"
"-DWIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN"
)
#link_directories()
if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
# 指定生成目标
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_DEBUG ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)
# 指定生成目标
add_executable(dll_testd ${source_h_lib} ${source_h_src} ${source_cpp_src})
link_directories(
"${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}"/Debug
)
else(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_RELEASE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)
# 指定生成目标
add_executable(dll_test ${source_h_lib} ${source_h_src} ${source_cpp_src})
link_directories(
"${EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH}"/Release
)
endif (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
endif(${WIN_OS})
三、编译及测试
????????win编译时采用cmake+vs编译,具体编译版本可以依据自身电脑安装版本决定
cd dll_test && mkdir build_win && cd build_win
cmake -G "Visual Studio 10 2010 Win64" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
msbuild dll_test.sln /p:Configuration="Release" /p:Platform="x64"
运行效果:
D:\workForMy\workspace\dll_test\bin>dll_testd.exe
registerObject success
getInstance success
sum=15
_instance->val=15
a=6
fa(5)=25
rmInstance success
unregisterObject success
D:\workForMy\workspace\dll_test\bin>
Linux下
cd dll_test
mkdir build_linux
cd build_linux
cmake ..
make
运行效果:
[py@pyfree bin]$ ./dll_test
registerObject success
getInstance success
sum=15
_instance->val=15
a=6
fa(5)=25
rmInstance success
unregisterObject success
[py@pyfree bin]$
四、附件
??????? 上述已经提供完备的案例信息,自行稍微组织一下项目结构就好。类似其他案例,也提供完整代码包
https://download.csdn.net/download/py8105/86626081
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