[C++知识库]【PAT甲级 - C++题解】1125 Chain the Ropes

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1125 Chain the Ropes

Given some segments of rope, you are supposed to chain them into one rope. Each time you may only fold two segments into loops and chain them into one piece, as shown by the figure. The resulting chain will be treated as another segment of rope and can be folded again. After each chaining, the lengths of the original two segments will be halved.

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Your job is to make the longest possible rope out of N given segments.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line gives a positive integer N (2≤N≤10⁴). Then N positive integer lengths of the segments are given in the next line, separated by spaces. All the integers are no more than 10⁴.

Output Specification:

For each case, print in a line the length of the longest possible rope that can be made by the given segments. The result must be rounded to the nearest integer that is no greater than the maximum length.

Sample Input:

8
10 15 12 3 4 13 1 15

Sample Output:

14

题意

给定 n 个绳子的长度，每两个绳子合并长度就会减少一半，需要求出所有绳子合并后长度的最大值，输出的是整数（向下取整）。

思路

绳子合并的顺序不同会导致最终的结果不同，例如有三根绳子 {1,2,3} ，如果想让前两个合并再和第三根合并，最终的绳子长度为 ((1+2)/2+3)/2=2.25 ；而如果先让第一根和第三根合并再和第二根合并，最终的绳子长度为 ((1+3)/2+2)/2=2 。

直接上结论，这其实有一点像哈夫曼树但又不完全相似，我们每次合并都去合并最小的那两根绳子，这样最后得到的长度一定是最大的。

代码

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int N = 10010;
double a[N];
int n;

int main()
{
    cin >> n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)    cin >> a[i];

    //进行排序
    sort(a, a + n);

    //计算最大长度并输出
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)    a[0] = (a[0] + a[i]) / 2;
    cout << (int)a[0] << endl;

    return 0;
}