本文主要对SpringBoot2.x参数校验进行简单总结,其中SpringBoot使用的2.4.5 版本。
一、引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.8</version>
</dependency>
二、实体类
User类:
package com.rtxtitanv.model;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class User {
@NotNull(message = "id不能为空")
private Long id;
@Length(min = 6, max = 20, message = "用户名长度不小于6,不超过20")
@NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空")
private String username;
@Pattern(regexp = "^[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]{5,19}$", message = "密码以大写英文字母开头,只包含英文字母、数字、下划线,长度在6到20之间")
@NotNull(message = "密码不能为空")
private String password;
@Max(value = 60, message = "年龄最大为60")
@Min(value = 18, message = "年龄最小为18")
@NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
private Integer age;
@Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
@NotEmpty(message = "邮箱不能为空")
private String email;
private String rank;
}
通用响应类:
package com.rtxtitanv.model;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import java.io.Serializable;
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class CommonResult<T> implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 5231430760082814286L;
private int code;
private String message;
private T data;
public static <T> CommonResult<T> ok(String message, T data) {
return new CommonResult<T>(HttpStatus.OK.value(), message, data);
}
public static <T> CommonResult<T> fail(int code, String message, T data) {
return new CommonResult<>(code, message, data);
}
}
三、常用的校验注解
这里对一些用于参数校验的常用注解进行总结:
@Null :必须为null。@NotNull :必须不为null。@AssertTrue :必须为true。@AssertFalse :必须为false。@Min(value) :必须是一个大于等于指定值的数字。@Max(value) :必须是一个小于等于指定值的数字。@DecimalMin(value) :必须是一个大于等于指定值的数字。@DecimalMax(value) :必须是一个小于等于指定值的数字。@Size(min=,max=) :大小必须在指定的范围内。@Digits(integer, fraction) :必须是一个数字,其值必须在可接受的范围内。@Past :必须是一个过去的日期。@Future :必须是一个将来的日期。@Pattern(regex=) :必须符合指定的正则表达式。@Email :必须是一个有效的email地址。@Length(min=,max=) :字符串长度是否在指定范围内。@NotBlank :必须非空且长度大于0。@NotEmpty :必须不为null或空。@URL(protocol=,host,port) :必须是一个有效的URL,如果提供了protocol,host等,则还需满足提供的条件。
四、校验Controller中的参数
1.校验请求体
创建UserController ,在需要校验的参数上添加@Valid 注解:
package com.rtxtitanv.controller;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.User;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.validation.Valid;
@RequestMapping("/user")
@RestController
public class UserController {
@PostMapping("/save")
public CommonResult<User> saveUser(@RequestBody @Valid User user) {
return CommonResult.ok("保存用户成功", user);
}
}
启动项目,发送如下POST请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/save : 如果验证失败会抛出MethodArgumentNotValidException ,默认情况下,Spring会将MethodArgumentNotValidException 异常转换为HTTP Status 400。查看控制台打印的日志发现抛出了MethodArgumentNotValidException : 创建全局异常处理类捕获异常并进行处理:
package com.rtxtitanv.handler;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.validation.FieldError;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseStatus;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@RestControllerAdvice(annotations = {Controller.class, RestController.class})
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
@ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
@ResponseStatus(code = HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST)
public CommonResult<Map<String, String>> validateException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e) {
Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>(16);
e.getBindingResult().getAllErrors()
.forEach(error -> errors.put(((FieldError)error).getField(), error.getDefaultMessage()));
return CommonResult.fail(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST.value(), "无效的参数", errors);
}
}
重启项目后再次发送如下POST请求:
2.校验请求参数
UserController 上添加Validated 注解并新增以下方法:
@GetMapping("/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<User>
getUserById(@Valid @PathVariable(value = "id") @Min(value = 1, message = "id不能小于1") Long id) {
User user = new User(id, "ZhaoYun", "A123456sd", 20, "zhaoyun123@xxx.com", "黄金");
return CommonResult.ok("根据id查询用户成功", user);
}
@DeleteMapping("/delete")
public CommonResult<User> deleteByUsername(
@Valid @RequestParam(value = "username") @Size(min = 6, max = 20, message = "用户名长度不在指定范围内") String username) {
User user = new User(1L, username, "A123456sd", 20, "zhaoyun123@xxx.com", "黄金");
return CommonResult.ok("根据用户名删除用户成功", user);
}
全局异常处理类中新增以下方法:
@ExceptionHandler(ConstraintViolationException.class)
@ResponseStatus(code = HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR)
public CommonResult<Map<String, String>> handleConstraintViolationException(ConstraintViolationException e) {
Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>(16);
e.getConstraintViolations().forEach(constraintViolation -> errors
.put(constraintViolation.getPropertyPath().toString(), constraintViolation.getMessage()));
return CommonResult.fail(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(), "无效的参数", errors);
}
发送如下GET请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/get/0 : 发送如下DELETE请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/delete?username=ZhaoZiLong_1896582826 :
五、校验Service中的参数
通过@Validated 和@Valid 注解组合使用不仅可以校验Controller中的参数,还可以校验任何Spring组件中的参数。
UserService :
package com.rtxtitanv.service;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.User;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import javax.validation.Valid;
@Validated
public interface UserService {
CommonResult<User> updateUser(@Valid User user);
}
UserService 实现类:
package com.rtxtitanv.service.impl;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.User;
import com.rtxtitanv.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Override
public CommonResult<User> updateUser(User user) {
return CommonResult.ok("更新用户成功", user);
}
}
UserController 中新增以下代码:
@Resource
private UserService userService;
@PutMapping("/update")
public CommonResult<User> updateUser(@RequestBody User user) {
return userService.updateUser(user);
}
发送如下PUT请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/update :
六、编程式校验
通过Validator 实例可以手动进行参数校验。UserController 中新增以下代码:
@Resource
private Validator validator;
@PostMapping("/insert")
public CommonResult<User> insertUser(@RequestBody User user) {
if (!validator.validate(user).isEmpty()) {
throw new ConstraintViolationException(validator.validate(user));
}
return CommonResult.ok("添加用户成功", user);
}
发送如下POST请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/insert :
七、自定义校验注解
如果自带的校验注解无法满足需求,还可以自定义校验注解。首先创建如下注解用于密码校验:
package com.rtxtitanv.annotation;
import com.rtxtitanv.validator.PasswordValidator;
import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = PasswordValidator.class)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Password {
String message() default "无效密码";
Class<?>[] groups() default {};
Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}
然后创建ConstraintValidator 接口的实现类并重写isValid 方法:
package com.rtxtitanv.validator;
import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Password;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
public class PasswordValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Password, String> {
@Override
public boolean isValid(String value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
if (value == null) {
return true;
}
return value.matches("^[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_]{5,19}$");
}
}
创建如下注解用于密码校验:
package com.rtxtitanv.annotation;
import com.rtxtitanv.validator.RankValidator;
import javax.validation.Constraint;
import javax.validation.Payload;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = RankValidator.class)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.PARAMETER})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Rank {
String message() default "rank值无效";
Class<?>[] groups() default {};
Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}
创建ConstraintValidator 接口的实现类并重写isValid 方法,:
package com.rtxtitanv.validator;
import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Rank;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
import java.util.HashSet;
public class RankValidator implements ConstraintValidator<Rank, String> {
@Override
public boolean isValid(String value, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
HashSet<String> ranks = new HashSet<>();
ranks.add("无段位");
ranks.add("青铜");
ranks.add("白银");
ranks.add("黄金");
ranks.add("铂金");
ranks.add("钻石");
return ranks.contains(value);
}
}
修改User类,使用自定义校验注解:
package com.rtxtitanv.model;
import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Password;
import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Rank;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Length;
import javax.validation.constraints.*;
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
public class User {
@NotNull(message = "id不能为空")
private Long id;
@Length(min = 6, max = 20, message = "用户名长度不小于6,不超过20")
@NotNull(message = "用户名不能为空")
private String username;
@Password(message = "密码必须以大写英文字母开头,只包含英文字母、数字、下划线,长度在6到20之间")
@NotNull(message = "密码不能为空")
private String password;
@Max(value = 60, message = "年龄最大为60")
@Min(value = 18, message = "年龄最小为18")
@NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
private Integer age;
@Email(message = "邮箱格式不正确")
@NotEmpty(message = "邮箱不能为空")
private String email;
@Rank(message = "段位必须为无段位、青铜、白银、黄金、铂金、钻石之一")
private String rank;
}
发送如下POST请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/save :
八、分组校验
在参数校验时如果想针对不同的方法使用不同的校验规则,则可以使用分组校验。下面创建两个用于分组校验的接口:
public interface AddUserGroup {}
public interface ModifyUserGroup {}
在User类的实例域id 上添加以下注解:
@NotNull(message = "id不能为空", groups = ModifyUserGroup.class)
@Null(message = "id必须为空", groups = AddUserGroup.class)
不写groups 属性,则为默认分组。
UserController 中新增以下方法:
@PostMapping("/add")
public CommonResult<User> addUser(@RequestBody @Validated(value = AddUserGroup.class) User user) {
return CommonResult.ok("新增用户成功", user);
}
@PutMapping("/modify")
public CommonResult<User> modifyUser(@RequestBody @Validated(value = ModifyUserGroup.class) User user) {
return CommonResult.ok("修改用户成功", user);
}
发送如下POST请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/add : 发送如下PUT请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/user/modify : 根据测试结果可知,方法addUser 的参数使用的@Null 校验,方法modifyUser 的参数使用的@NotNull 校验,成功实现了分组校验。
九、嵌套的参数校验
一个实体中嵌套一个实体时,通过在嵌套的实体类型属性上添加@Valid 注解,可以对嵌套的参数进行校验。
Account类:
package com.rtxtitanv.model;
import com.rtxtitanv.annotation.Password;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;
@Data
public class Account {
@NotNull(message = "账户id不能为空")
private Long accountId;
@Size(min = 6, max = 20, message = "账户名长度不小于6,不超过20")
@NotNull(message = "账户名不能为空")
private String accountName;
@Password(message = "密码必须以大写英文字母开头,只包含英文字母、数字、下划线,长度在6到20之间")
@NotNull(message = "账户密码不能为空")
private String accountPassword;
}
Order类:
package com.rtxtitanv.model;
import lombok.Data;
import javax.validation.Valid;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
@Data
public class Order {
@NotNull(message = "订单id不能为空")
private Long orderId;
@NotEmpty(message = "订单号不能为空")
private String orderNumber;
@NotEmpty(message = "订单描述信息不能为空")
private String orderDescription;
@Valid
private Account account;
}
OrderController :
package com.rtxtitanv.controller;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.CommonResult;
import com.rtxtitanv.model.Order;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.validation.Valid;
@RequestMapping("/order")
@RestController
@Validated
public class OrderController {
@PostMapping("/save")
public CommonResult<Order> saveOrder(@RequestBody @Valid Order order) {
return CommonResult.ok("订单保存成功", order);
}
}
发送如下POST请求,请求地址为http://localhost:8080/order/save ,发现嵌套的参数也被校验:
代码示例
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