一、前情提要
上午开会,来了一个噩耗,马上要启动一个旧项目重整项目,旧项目是用ssh + jsp写的,开了一上午的会,尤其项目过于复杂,式样十分不清晰,业务逻辑懂得人基本没有,因为是收购公司的一个老旧项目,目前项目参与者全部离职,经过一上午的讨论分析总结,老大决定先使用上午阅读源码,下午开会讨论,先整理出概要设计、系统设计、数据库定义书、API文档设计书的形式,熟悉代码,熟悉业务,最后采用springboot+vue的方式,重整项目。
哎,无奈啊,命不好啊,项目组分到这样一个烫手的山芋,下午就有一个老哥提了离职。。。
我还是重新看一遍hibernate吧,多年没有使用了,都忘得差不多了,先整理一篇简单的快速入门吧。
目录
一、前情提要
二、hibernate与mybatis使用心得
三、DruidDataSource + JdbcTemplate方式实现增删改查
1、DruidDataSource 工具类?
?2、JdbcTemplate实现增删改查
四、hibernate项目搭建
1、引入jar包
2、配置XML文件
3、类文件
4、控制台输出
五、configuration
1、配置管理类:主要管理配置文件的一个类
2、方法
六、HQL查询
1、HQL
2、SQL
3、本地SQL查询
七、beginTransaction方法
1、数据库配置
2、其它参数配置
3、加载映射文件
八、hibernate执行流程图
二、hibernate与mybatis使用心得
springboot时代之前,持久层最流行的就是hibernate和mybatis了,hibernate对数据库进行了重量级的封装,hibernate的思想和Java不谋而合,都是对象的思想。听起来很友好,但配合使用的hql就不那么友好了,hql可以说是sql的简化版本,hql是在sql上面套了一层,但是hql优化很难搞,hibernate使用了大量的反射机制,虽然hibernate的反射大多数都是在程序初始化的时候完成的,但运行的过程中反射也是存在的,反射比较影响程序性能。
mybatis是持久层的轻量级框架,定义一个接口mapper,一个xml,映射关系一匹配,再配置一个扫描包,目前也是持久层的主流写法。
还有第三种方式DruidDataSource + JdbcTemplate,实现了在Java中直接书写sql语句,同时还能进行简单的对象操作。结合了hibernate和mybatis的部分优点,完美的产物?不存在的,到处都是sql,为以后的代码重构,框架重整,带来了不必要的麻烦,而且总感觉DruidDataSource + JdbcTemplate有一种lowlow的感觉。
三、DruidDataSource + JdbcTemplate方式实现增删改查
1、DruidDataSource 工具类?
package com.guor.utils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
public class JDBCUtils {
private final static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JDBCUtils.class);
/**
* 定义数据源
*/
private static DataSource ds;
/**
* 定义数据库连接配置
*/
static {
try {
/**
* 加载配置文件
*/
DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("org.postgresql.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:postgresql://127.0.0.1:5432/test");
dataSource.setUsername("postgres");
dataSource.setPassword("123456");
ds = dataSource;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("create connection pool error,errorMessage:{}", e);
}
}
/**
* 获取数据源
* @return 返回数据源
*/
public static DataSource getDataSource(){
return ds;
}
/**
* 获取连接对象
* @return 返回连接对象
* @throws SQLException 抛出的编译异常
*/
public static Connection getConn() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
/**
* 关闭连接
* @param stmt sql执行对象
* @param conn 数据库连接对象
*/
public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
log.error("close error,errorMessage:{}", e);
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
log.error("close error,errorMessage:{}", e);
}
}
}
/**
* 关闭资源的重载方法
* @param rs 处理结果集的对象
* @param stmt 执行sql语句的对象
* @param conn 连接数据库的对象
*/
public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn){
if(rs != null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
log.error("close error,errorMessage:{}", e);
}
}
if(stmt != null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
log.error("close error,errorMessage:{}", e);
}
}
if(conn != null){
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
log.error("close error,errorMessage:{}", e);
}
}
}
}
?2、JdbcTemplate实现增删改查
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
insertTest();
updateTest();
deleteTest();
}
// JDBCTemplate插入
public static void insertTest() throws Exception {
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(DataSourceUtils.getDataSource());
String sql = "INSERT INTO user(id,name,age) VALUES (?, ?, ?)";
jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 1, "哪吒", 18);
}
// JDBCTemplate更新
public static void updateTest() throws Exception {
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(DataSourceUtils.getDataSource());
String sql = "UPDATE user SET age= ?, address = ? WHERE name=?";
int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 19, "大连市", "哪吒");
System.out.println("影响的行数: " + i);
}
// JDBCTemplate删除
public static void deleteTest() throws Exception {
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(DataSourceUtils.getDataSource());
String sql = "DELETE FROM user WHERE id=?";
int i = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 1);
System.out.println("影响的行数: " + i);
}
}
四、hibernate项目搭建
学习一个框架无非就是三步:
1、引入jar包
我们使用的是Hibernate5.4的版本
hibernate5.jar核心 + required 必须引入的(6个) + jpa 目录 + 数据库驱动包
2、配置XML文件
(1)编写一个Entity对象->Employee.java
编写对象映射->Employee.hbm.xml。一般它和JavaBean对象放在同一目录下
在上面的模板上修改~下面会具体讲解这个配置文件!
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- Generated 2020??1??9?? ????9:08:43 by Hibernate Tools 3.5.0.Final -->
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.ssh.entities.Employee" table="SSH_EMPLOYEE">
<id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">
<column name="ID" />
<generator class="native" />
</id>
<property name="lastName" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="LASTNAME" />
</property>
<property name="email" type="java.lang.String">
<column name="EMAIL" />
</property>
<property name="birth" type="java.util.Date">
<column name="BIRTH" />
</property>
<property name="createTime" type="java.util.Date">
<column name="CREATE_TIME" />
</property>
<many-to-one name="department" class="com.ssh.entities.Department">
<column name="DEPARTMENT_ID" />
</many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
(2)主配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driverClass">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">mine</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">mine</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.jdbcUrl">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<mapping resource="com/ssh/entities/Department.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/ssh/entities/Employee.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
(3)applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 导入资源文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" ignore-unresolvable="true"/>
<!-- 配置c3p0数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initialPoolSize}"></property>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 定义Hibernate的SessionFactory LocalSessionFactoryBean-->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 依赖注入数据源,注入上面定义的dataSource -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- mappingResouces属性用来列出全部映射文件 -->
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<!-- 以下用来列出Hibernate映射文件 -->
<value>com/ssh/entities/Department.hbm.xml</value>
<value>com/ssh/entities/Employee.hbm.xml</value>
<value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<!-- 定义Hibernate的SessionFactory的属性 -->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<!-- 指定数据库方言 -->
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</prop>
<!-- 是否根据需要每次自动创建数据库 -->
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<!-- 显示Hibernate持久化操作所生成的SQL -->
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<!-- 将SQL脚本进行格式化后再输出 -->
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置spring的声明式事务
1.配置hibernate的事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!-- <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager"></bean>
2.配置事务属性
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="get" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice> -->
<!-- 3.配置事务切入点,再把事务属性和事务切入点关联起来 -->
<!-- <aop:config>
<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.guor.ssh.service.*.*(..))" id="txPointcut"/>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="exAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
</aop:config> -->
</beans>
(4)applicationContext-beans.xml?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="employeeDao" class="com.ssh.dao.EmployeeDao">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="departmentDao" class="com.ssh.dao.DepartmentDao">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="employeeService" class="com.ssh.service.EmployeeService">
<property name="employeeDao" ref="employeeDao"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="departmentService" class="com.ssh.service.DepartmentService">
<property name="departmentDao" ref="departmentDao"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="employeeAction" class="com.ssh.actions.EmployeeAction" scope="prototype">
<property name="employeeService" ref="employeeService"></property>
<property name="departmentService" ref="departmentService"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
(5)struts.xml?
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<!-- 定义新的拦截器栈, 配置prepare拦截器栈的alwaysInvokePrepare参数值为false-->
<interceptors>
<interceptor-stack name="sshStack">
<interceptor-ref name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
<param name="prepare.alwaysInvokePrepare">false</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<!-- 使用新的拦截器栈-->
<default-interceptor-ref name="sshStack"></default-interceptor-ref>
<action name="emp-*" class="employeeAction" method="{1}">
<result name="list">/WEB-INF/views/emp-list.jsp</result>
<result type="stream" name="delete">
<param name="contentType">text/html</param>
<param name="inputName">inputStream</param>
</result>
<result name="input">/WEB-INF/views/emp-input.jsp</result>
<result name="success" type="redirect">/emp-list</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
3、类文件
(1)EmployeeAction
package com.ssh.actions;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.Preparable;
import com.ssh.entities.Employee;
import com.ssh.service.DepartmentService;
import com.ssh.service.EmployeeService;
public class EmployeeAction extends ActionSupport implements RequestAware,
ModelDriven<Employee>,Preparable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private EmployeeService employeeService;
public void setEmployeeService(EmployeeService employeeService) {
this.employeeService = employeeService;
}
private DepartmentService departmentService;
public void setDepartmentService(DepartmentService departmentService) {
this.departmentService = departmentService;
}
public String list() {
request.put("employees",employeeService.getAll());
return "list";
}
private Integer id;
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public InputStream inputStream;
public InputStream getInputStream() {
return inputStream;
}
public String delete() {
try {
employeeService.delete(id);
inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return SUCCESS;
}
public String input() {
request.put("departments", departmentService.getAll());
return INPUT;
}
public void prepareInput() {
if(id!=null) {
model = employeeService.get(id);
}
}
public String save() {
if(id == null) {
model.setCreateTime(new Date());
}
employeeService.saveOrUpdate(model);
System.out.println("model");
return SUCCESS;
}
public void prepareSave() {
if(id == null) {
model = new Employee();
}else {
model = employeeService.get(id);
}
}
private Map<String,Object> request;
@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
this.request = arg0;
}
@Override
public void prepare() throws Exception {}
private Employee model;
@Override
public Employee getModel() {
return model;
}
}
(2)EmployeeService
package com.ssh.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.ssh.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.ssh.entities.Employee;
public class EmployeeService {
private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
public void setEmployeeDao(EmployeeDao employeeDao) {
this.employeeDao = employeeDao;
}
public void saveOrUpdate(Employee employee) {
employeeDao.saveOrUpdate(employee);
}
public void delete(Integer id) {
employeeDao.delete(id);
}
public List<Employee> getAll(){
List<Employee> employees = employeeDao.getAll();
return employees;
}
public Employee get(Integer id) {
return employeeDao.get(id);
}
}
(3)EmployeeDao?
package com.ssh.dao;
import java.util.List;
import com.ssh.entities.Employee;
public class EmployeeDao extends BaseDao{
public void delete(Integer id) {
String hql = "DELETE From Employee e where e.id=?0";
getSession().createQuery(hql).setParameter(0,id).executeUpdate();
}
public List<Employee> getAll() {
//String hql = "From Employee e LEFT OUTER JOIN FETCH e.department";
String hql = "From Employee";
return getSession().createQuery(hql).list();
}
public void saveOrUpdate(Employee employee) {
getSession().saveOrUpdate(employee);
}
public Employee get(Integer id) {
return (Employee)getSession().get(Employee.class,id);
}
}
?(4)emp-list.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src = "js/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function(){
$(".delete").click(function(){
var lastName = $(this).next(":input").val();
var flag = confirm("确定要删除"+lastName+"的信息吗?");
if(flag){
var $tr = $(this).parent().parent();
var url = this.href;
var args = {"time":new Date()}
$.post(url,args,function(data){
if(data=="1"){
alert("删除成功!");
$tr.remove();
}else{
alert("删除失败!");
}
});
}
return false;
})
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Employee List Page</h4>
<s:if test="#request.employees == null||#request.employees.size() == 0">
没有任何员工信息
</s:if>
<s:else>
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>ID</td>
<td>LASTNAME</td>
<td>EMAIL</td>
<td>BIRTH</td>
<td>CREATETIME</td>
<td>delete</td>
<td>edit</td>
</tr>
<s:iterator value="#request.employees">
<tr>
<td>${id }</td>
<td>${lastName }</td>
<td>${email }</td>
<td>${birth }</td>
<td>${createTime }</td>
<td>
<a href="emp-delete?id=${id } " class="delete">Delete</a>
<input type="hidden" value="${lastName }"/>
</td>
<td><a href="emp-input?id=${id }">Edit</a></td>
</tr>
</s:iterator>
</table>
</s:else>
</body>
</html>
(5)emp-input.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Employee Input Page</h4>
<s:form action="emp-save" method="post">
<s:if test="id != null">
<s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName" disabled="true"></s:textfield>
<s:hidden name="id"></s:hidden>
</s:if>
<s:else>
<s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName"></s:textfield>
</s:else>
<s:textfield name="email" label="Email"></s:textfield>
<s:textfield name="birth" label="Birth"></s:textfield>
<s:select list="#request.departments"
listKey="id" listValue="departmentName"
name="department.id" label="Department">
</s:select>
<s:submit></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>
4、控制台输出
五、configuration
1、配置管理类:主要管理配置文件的一个类
它拥有一个子类annotationConfiguration,也就是说我们可以使用注解来代替XML配置文件来配置相对应的信息。
2、方法
(1)configure方法用于加载配置文件:
如果指定参数,那么加载参数的路径配置文件 如果不指定参数,默认加载src/目录下的hibernate.cfg.xml (2)buildSessionFactory()用于创建session工厂
(3)sessionFactory方法
SessionFactory-->Session的工厂,也可以说代表了hibernate.cfg.xml这个文件...hibernate.cfg.xml的就有<session-factory>这么一个节点
(4)openSession方法,创建一个session对象
(5)getCurrentSession方法,创建session对象或取出session对象
3、session session是hibernate最重要的对象,session维护了一个连接(connection),只要使用hibernate操作数据库,都需要使用session对象。
更新操作
使用save方法,调用这个方法把对象保存在数据库中,session对象提供其他方法进行对数据库的更新
- session.save(obj); 【保存一个对象】
- session.update(obj); 【更新一个对象】
- session.saveOrUpdate(obj); 【保存或者更新的方法】
- 没有设置主键,执行保存;
- 有设置主键,执行更新操作;
- 如果设置主键不存在报错!
六、HQL查询
1、HQL
hibernate query language即hibernate提供的面向对象的查询语言
查询的是对象以及对象的属性,区分大小写
2、SQL
strut query language结构化查询语言。不区分大小写
3、本地SQL查询
有的时候,如果SQL是非常复杂的,我们不能靠SQL查询来实现功能的话,我们就需要使用原生的SQL进行复杂查询,但是它有一个缺陷,不能跨平台,因此我们在主配置文件中已经配置了数据库的“方言”了。
//将所有的记录封装成User对象存进List集合中
SQLQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery("SELECT * FROM user").addEntity(User.class);
List list = sqlQuery.list();
System.out.println(list);
七、beginTransaction方法
开启事务,返回的是一个事务对象,hibernate规定所有的数据库都必须在事务环境下进行,否者报错!
1、数据库配置
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driverClass">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">mine</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">mine</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.jdbcUrl">jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:orcl</property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
<mapping resource="com/ssh/entities/Department.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/ssh/entities/Employee.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
2、其它参数配置
<!-- 定义Hibernate的SessionFactory的属性 -->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<!-- 指定数据库方言 -->
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">
org.hibernate.dialect.OracleDialect</prop>
<!-- 是否根据需要每次自动创建数据库 -->
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<!-- 显示Hibernate持久化操作所生成的SQL -->
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<!-- 将SQL脚本进行格式化后再输出 -->
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
3、加载映射文件
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<!-- 以下用来列出Hibernate映射文件 -->
<value>com/ssh/entities/Department.hbm.xml</value>
<value>com/ssh/entities/Employee.hbm.xml</value>
<value>hibernate.cfg.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
八、hibernate执行流程图
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