[Java知识库]微服务学习5：Spring Cloud Alibaba项目快速搭建

简介：快速搭建简单的Spring Cloud Alibaba基础工程，并实现微服务之间的简单调用。

1、电商系统模拟情形

用户要下单购买某件商品，先请求order订单微服务，order微服务去product微服务查询商品信息，并生成订单。（商品总得有库存，这里库存就暂时跟商品放一起，什么仓储物流先别管，就当作是虚拟商品好了）

下单流程图：

2、新建一个空的 Maven父工程?

2.1> new Project ->Maven ->输入项目名 -> finsh -> 删除项目的src目录。

2.2>?修改pom.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.7</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <!--子Moudle的名字，按照需要引入-->
    <modules>
        <module>order-service</module>
        <module>product-service</module>
    </modules>

    <!--必须指定父工程的打包方式为pom,而不是默认的jar-->
    <groupId>com.hs</groupId>
    <artifactId>alicloud</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>alicloud</name>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <description>Spring Cloud Alibaba project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.2.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

   <!--统一依赖版本，子项目需要引入依赖的时候不用设置版本-->
   <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

?3、在父工程下新建两个子Moudle—order-service和product-service

3.1 >??首先在IDEA下安装一个阿里开源的插件Alibaba Cloud Tookit，这个插件可以帮我们快速创建Spring Cloud Alibaba的项目。

?3.2 > new Project ->Moudle->Alibaba Java Initializer

3.3> 选择两个组件：Nacos Service Discovery (服务注册与发现)和Spring Web

? 3.4> 最终项目结构如下：

?修改order-service的pom.xml文件如下，product-servcie同理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.hs</groupId>
    <artifactId>order-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>order-service</name>
    <description>order-service project for Spring Boot</description>

    <!--继承父工程-->
    <parent>
        <artifactId>alicloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hs</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.7.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.2.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--Nacos服务注册与发现-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.hs.order.OrderServiceApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>repackage</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

3.5> 分别加了两个接口，OrderController和ProductController

到现在一个基本的Spring Cloud Alibaba的基础工程已经搭，这里的父工程可以继承公司的已有模版，然后只创建自己负责的微服务即可。

下篇文章再讲如何使用Nacos实现服务注册与发现。

参考链接：

商品下单后，微服务里都经历了什么？

IDEA 中 30 秒生成 Spring Cloud Alibaba 工程

支付微服务架构调用流程以及一些要点记录