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这里分类和汇总了欣宸的全部原创(含配套源码):https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos
本篇概览
- 作为《Spring Cloud Gateway实战》系列的第五篇,是时候了解过滤器(filter)的作用了,本篇咱们一起来了解Spring Cloud Gateway内置好的过滤器,真是种类繁多功能强大
AddRequestHeader
- AddRequestHeader过滤器顾名思义,就是在请求头部添加指定的内容
- 带有predicate的完整配置:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- AddRequestHeader=x-request-foo, bar-config
[
{
"id": "path_route_addr",
"uri": "http://127.0.0.1:8082",
"predicates": [
{
"name": "Path",
"args": {
"pattern": "/hello/**"
}
}
],
"filters": [
{
"name": "AddRequestHeader",
"args": {
"name": "x-request-foo",
"value": "bar-dynamic"
}
}
]
}
]
- 实际效果:
AddRequestParameter
- AddRequestParameter过滤器顾名思义,就是添加请求参数
- 配置如下,服务提供方收到的请求中会多一个参数,名为foo,值为bar-config:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- AddRequestParameter=foo, bar-config
[
{
"id": "path_route_addr",
"uri": "http://127.0.0.1:8082",
"predicates": [
{
"name": "Path",
"args": {
"pattern": "/hello/**"
}
}
],
"filters": [
{
"name": "AddRequestParameter",
"args": {
"name": "foo",
"value": "bar-dynamic"
}
}
]
}
]
- 实际效果:
AddResponseHeader
- AddResponseHeader过滤器就是在响应的header中添加参数
- 配置如下,客户端收到的响应,其header中会多一个参数,名为foo,值为bar-config-response:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- AddResponseHeader=foo, bar-config-response
[
{
"id": "path_route_addr",
"uri": "http://127.0.0.1:8082",
"predicates": [
{
"name": "Path",
"args": {
"pattern": "/hello/**"
}
}
],
"filters": [
{
"name": "AddResponseHeader",
"args": {
"name": "foo",
"value": "bar-dynamic-response"
}
}
]
}
]
- 实际效果:
DedupeResponseHeader
- 服务提供方返回的response的header中,如果有的key出线了多个value(例如跨域场景下的Access-Control-Allow-Origin),DedupeResponseHeader过滤器可以将重复的value剔除调,剔除策略有三种:RETAIN_FIRST (保留第一个,默认), RETAIN_LAST(保留最后一个), RETAIN_UNIQUE(去重)
- 配置如下,指定了两个header key的去重,策略是保留最后一个:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- DedupeResponseHeader=Access-Control-Allow-Credentials Access-Control-Allow-Origin, RETAIN_LAST
DedupeResponseHeader
- 服务提供方返回的response的header中,如果有的key出线了多个value(例如跨域场景下的Access-Control-Allow-Origin),DedupeResponseHeader过滤器可以将重复的value剔除调,剔除策略有三种:RETAIN_FIRST (保留第一个,默认), RETAIN_LAST(保留最后一个), RETAIN_UNIQUE(去重)
- 配置如下,指定了两个header key的去重,策略是保留最后一个:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- DedupeResponseHeader=Access-Control-Allow-Credentials Access-Control-Allow-Origin, RETAIN_LAST
CircuitBreaker
- CircuitBreaker即断路器,咱们在单独的一篇中深入体验这个强大的功能吧
FallbackHeaders
- FallbackHeaders一般和CircuitBreaker配合使用,来看下面的配置,发生断路后,请求会被转发FallbackHeaders去处理,此时FallbackHeaders会在header中指定的key上添加异常信息:
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: ingredients
uri: lb://ingredients
predicates:
- Path=//ingredients/**
filters:
- name: CircuitBreaker
args:
name: fetchIngredients
fallbackUri: forward:/fallback
- id: ingredients-fallback
uri: http://localhost:9994
predicates:
- Path=/fallback
filters:
- name: FallbackHeaders
args:
executionExceptionTypeHeaderName: Test-Header
MapRequestHeader
- MapRequestHeader用于header中的键值对复制,如下配置的意思是:如果请求header中有Blue就新增名为X-Request-Red的key,其值和Blue的值一样
- 配置如下,指定了两个header key的去重,策略是保留最后一个:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- MapRequestHeader=Blue, X-Request-Red
- 如下图,请求header中有Blue:
- 再看服务提供方的日志,显示header中多了X-Request-Red:
- 如果请求的header中已经存在X-Request-Red会出现什么情况呢?如下图,咱们把X-Request-Red写在请求header中:
- 在服务提供方打断点,可以发现神奇的一幕,header中的所有key,对应的值其实都是集合,只是大多数情况下集合里面只有一个元素,而MapRequestHeader新增的元素会被放入这个集合,不会影响原有内容:
PrefixPath
- PrefixPath很好理解,就是转发到服务提供者的时候,给path加前缀
- 例如我这边服务提供者原始地址是http://127.0.0.1:8082/hello/str配置如下,如果我给网关配置PrefixPath=hello,那么访问网关的时候,请求路径中就不需要hello了,配置如下:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/str
filters:
- PrefixPath=/hello
- 如下图,请求路径无需hello:
PreserveHostHeader
- PreserveHostHeader在转发请求到服务提供者的时候,会保留host信息(否则就只能由HTTP client来决定了)
- 先看不使用PreserveHostHeader的效果,如下图,服务提供者收到的请求header中的host就是网关配置的信息:
- 加上PreserveHostHeader试试,如下图红框,是真正的host信息:
RequestRateLimiter
- RequestRateLimiter用于限流,涉及内容较多,就放在单独的章节深入研究吧
RedirectTo
- RedirectTo的功能简单直白:跳转到指定位置,下面的配置中,uri字段明显是一个无效的地址,但请求还是会被RedirectTo转发到指定位置去:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.1.1.1:11111
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- RedirectTo=302, http://127.0.0.1:8082/hello/str
RemoveRequestHeader
- RemoveRequestHeader很好理解,删除请求header中的指定值
- 下面的配置会删除请求header中的foo:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- RemoveRequestHeader=foo
RemoveResponseHeader
- RemoveResponseHeader删除响应header中的指定值
- 下面的配置会删除响应header中的foo:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- RemoveResponseHeader=foo
RemoveRequestParameter
- RemoveRequestParameter 删除请求参数中的指定参数
- 下面的配置会删除请求参数中的foo:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- RemoveRequestParameter=foo1
RewritePath
- RewritePath非常实用,将请求参数中的路径做变换
- 下面的配置会将/test/str转成/hello/str:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/test/**
filters:
- RewritePath=/test/?(?<segment>.*), /hello/$\{segment}
- 请求如下,可见path中的test会被网关修改成hello,变成正确的请求路径:
RewriteLocationResponseHeader
- RewriteLocationResponseHeader用于改写response中的location信息
- 配置如下,一共是四个参数:stripVersionMode、locationHeaderName、hostValue、protocolsRegex
- 例如请求是api.example.com/some/object/name,response的location是object-service.prod.example.net/v2/some/object/id,最终会被下面的filter改写为api.example.com/some/object/id
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: rewritelocationresponseheader_route
uri: http://example.org
filters:
- RewriteLocationResponseHeader=AS_IN_REQUEST, Location, ,
- stripVersionMode的策略一共三种:
NEVER_STRIP:不执行 AS_IN_REQUEST :原始请求没有vesion,就执行 ALWAYS_STRIP :固定执行 - Location用于替换host:port部分,如果没有就是用Request中的host
- protocolsRegex用于匹配协议,如果匹配不上,name过滤器啥都不做
RewriteResponseHeader
- RewriteResponseHeader很好理解:修改响应header,参数有三个:header的key,匹配value的正则表达式,修改value的结果
- 下面的配置表示修改响应header中X-Response-Red这个key的value,找到password=xxx的内容,改成password=***
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/test/**
filters:
- RewriteResponseHeader=X-Response-Red, , password=[^&]+, password=***
SecureHeaders
- SecureHeaders会在响应的header中添加很多和安全相关的内容,配置如下:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- SecureHeaders
- 响应如下,可见header中添加了很多信息:
- 如果不想返回上图中的某些内容,可以在配置文件中关闭掉,如下图红框,x-frame-options和strict-transport-security两项被设置为不返回了:
- 再试试,得到如下响应,可见x-frame-options和strict-transport-security都没有返回:
SetPath
- SetPath配合predicates使用,下面的配置会将请求/test/str改成/hello/str,可见这个segment是在predicates中赋值的,然后再filters中拿来用:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
filter:
secure-headers:
disable:
- x-frame-options
- strict-transport-security
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/test/{segment}
filters:
- SetPath=/hello/{segment}
SetRequestHeader
- SetRequestHeader顾名思义,就是改写请求的header,将指定key改为指定value,如果该key不存在就创建:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
filter:
secure-headers:
disable:
- x-frame-options
- strict-transport-security
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- SetRequestHeader=X-Request-Red, Blue
- 和SetPath类似,SetRequestHeader也可以和predicates配合,在predicates中定义的变量可以用在SetRequestHeader中,如下所示,当请求是/hello/str的时候,header中X-Request-Red的值就是Blue-str:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
filter:
secure-headers:
disable:
- x-frame-options
- strict-transport-security
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/{segment}
filters:
- SetRequestHeader=X-Request-Red, Blue-{segment}
SetResponseHeader
- SetResponseHeader顾名思义,就是改写响应的header,将指定key改为指定value,如果该key不存在就创建:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
filter:
secure-headers:
disable:
- x-frame-options
- strict-transport-security
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- SetResponseHeader=X-Request-Red, Blue
SetStatus
- SetStatus很好理解:控制返回code,下面的设置会返回500:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- SetStatus=500
- 测试效果如下图,服务提供者的内容会正常返回,但是返回码已经被改为500了:
- 如果您想用SetStatus修改返回码,同时又不想丢掉真实的返回码,可以增加如下配置,这样真实的返回码就被放在名为original-status-header-name的key中了:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
set-status:
original-status-header-name: aaabbbccc
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- SetStatus=500
StripPrefix
- StripPrefix是个很常用的filter,例如请求是/aaa/bbb/hello/str,我们要想将其转为/hello/str,用StripPrefix=2即可,前面两级path都被删掉了:
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
set-status:
original-status-header-name: aaabbbccc
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/aaa/**
filters:
- StripPrefix=2
- 如下图,响应正常:
Retry
- 顾名思义,Retry就是重试,需要以下参数配合使用:
- retries:重试次数
- statuses:遇到什么样的返回状态才重试,取值参考:org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
- methods:那些类型的方法会才重试(GET、POST等),取值参考:org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
- series:遇到什么样的series值才重试,取值参考:org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.Series
- exceptions:遇到什么样的异常才重试
- backoff:重试策略,由多个参数构成,例如firstBackoff
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: retry_test
uri: http://localhost:8080/flakey
predicates:
- Host=*.retry.com
filters:
- name: Retry
args:
retries: 3
statuses: BAD_GATEWAY
methods: GET,POST
backoff:
firstBackoff: 10ms
maxBackoff: 50ms
factor: 2
basedOnPreviousValue: false
RequestSize
- RequestSize也很常用:控制请求大小,可以使用KB或者MB等单位,超过这个大小就会返回413错误(Payload Too Large),
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: request_size_route
uri: http://localhost:8080/upload
predicates:
- Path=/upload
filters:
- name: RequestSize
args:
maxSize: 5000000
- 注意,如果没有设置RequestSize,Spring Cloud Gateway默认的上限是5MB
SetRequestHostHeader
- SetRequestHostHeader会修改请求header中的host值
- 下面的配置,会将请求header中的host改为aaabbb
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: hello-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: path_route
uri: http://127.0.0.1:8082
predicates:
- Path=/hello/**
filters:
- name: SetRequestHostHeader
args:
host: aaabbb
- 在服务提供者的代码中打断点,如下图,可见host已经被改为aaabbb
ModifyRequestBody
- ModifyRequestBody用于修改请求的body内容,这里官方推荐用代码来配置,如下所示,请求body中原本是字符串,结果被改成了Hello对象的实例:
@Bean
public RouteLocator routes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
.route("rewrite_request_obj", r -> r.host("*.rewriterequestobj.org")
.filters(f -> f.prefixPath("/httpbin")
.modifyRequestBody(String.class, Hello.class, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE,
(exchange, s) -> return Mono.just(new Hello(s.toUpperCase())))).uri(uri))
.build();
}
static class Hello {
String message;
public Hello() { }
public Hello(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
ModifyResponseBody
- ModifyResponseBody与前面的ModifyRequestBody类似,官方建议用代码实现,下面的代码作用是将响应body的内容改为全部大写:
@Bean
public RouteLocator routes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
return builder.routes()
.route("rewrite_response_upper", r -> r.host("*.rewriteresponseupper.org")
.filters(f -> f.prefixPath("/httpbin")
.modifyResponseBody(String.class, String.class,
(exchange, s) -> Mono.just(s.toUpperCase()))).uri(uri))
.build();
}
TokenRelay
- 在使用第三方鉴权的时候,如OAuth2,用TokenRelay可以将第三方的token转发到服务提供者那里去:
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: resource
uri: http://localhost:9000
predicates:
- Path=/resource
filters:
- TokenRelay=
- 记得还要添加jar包依赖org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-oauth2-client
设置全局filter
- 前面的例子中,所有filter都放在路由策略中,配合predicates一起使用的,如果您想配置全局生效的filter,可以在配置文件中做以下设置,下面的配置表示AddResponseHeader和PrefixPath会处理所有请求,和路由设置无关:
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
default-filters:
- AddResponseHeader=X-Response-Default-Red, Default-Blue
- PrefixPath=/httpbin
- 至此,大部分内置过滤器咱们已经了解了,有几个略微复杂的留待后面的章节深入学习
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