网络编程
1.1 概述
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操 作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
-
如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机192.168.16.124: 端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源 -
找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S 网络编程: TCP/P C/S
1.2 网络通信要素
如何实现网络的通信? 通信双方地址: ●ip ●端口号 ●192.168.16,124:5900 规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Sl6TxOtq-1632295602135)(%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0.assets/20200922102351932.png)]
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- 万物皆对象
1.3 IP地址
IP地址在 JavaInetAddress 类中
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机 -
本机127.0.0.1: localhost. -
IP地址的分类
Pv4 127.0.0.1, 4个字节组成,0~255, 42亿~ ; 30亿在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年用尽 IPv6 2001:3CA1:010F:001A:121B:0000:0000:0010 128位。 8个无符号整数 -
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
- 192.168.xx.xx 一般来说是局域网,给组织内部使用
- ABCD类地址(以下地址为IPv4地址)
- [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-k41BTUja-1632295602140)(%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0.assets/20201031104203169.png)]
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
package com.kuang.ip;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果
/127.0.0.1
localhost/127.0.0.1
LAPTOP-0SJUQ8J4/192.168.56.1
www.baidu.com/61.135.185.32
[B@4554617c
61.135.185.32
61.135.185.32
www.baidu.com
1.4 端口
-
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程: -
不同的进程有不同的端口号,端口号不可冲突!用来区分软件 -
一般被规定为0~65535 -
TCP, UDP 每个协议都有65535,所以总共有 65535 * 2个端口。在单个协议下端口号不能冲突 -
端口分类
-
程序注册端口:1014~49151,分配给用户或者程序 Tomcat:8080 MySQL:3306 Oracle:1521 -
动态、私有端口:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
package com.kuang.ip;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());
}
}
运行结果
/127.0.0.1:8080
/127.0.0.1
eureka7001.com
8080
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-3nbkI4ei-1632295602145)(%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0.assets/20201031111639328.png)]
1.5 通信协议(TCP/IP)
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常的复杂?———大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP : 用户传输协议
- UDP : 用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
TCP和UDP对比
TCP:打电话
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了!
B:你真的要走了吗?
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我真的要走了!
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-pGZwE8U6-1632295602151)(%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0.assets/20201031112225802.png)]
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-QrCzImxs-1632295602155)(%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0.assets/20201031112750897.png)]
UDP: 发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击! (饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP实现聊天
TCP
客户端
连接服务器Socket 发送消息
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("逍遥醉酒".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
服务器
建立服务的端口 ServerSocket 等待用户的链接 accept 接收用户的消息
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
socket = serverSocket.accept();
is = socket.getInputStream();
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端
import sun.nio.cs.ext.ISCII91;
import sun.security.util.Length;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
FileInputStream files = new FileInputStream(new File("qun.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=files.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownOutput();
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
files.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务端
package com.tree.lesson02;
import sun.misc.OSEnvironment;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream files = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
files.write(buffer,0,len);
}
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
files.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
1.7 UDP
发送消息
发送端
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
String msg = "逍遥自在";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
socket.send(packet);
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
循环发送
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if ("bye".equals(data)){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收
public class UdpReceiveDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
小结
利用UDP协议发送数据,只需要“需要发送的数据+对方IP+对方Port”。 接收数据则只需要设置自己的Port即可。
1.8 URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
方法解析
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());
System.out.println(url.getHost());
System.out.println(url.getPort());
System.out.println(url.getPath());
System.out.println(url.getFile());
System.out.println(url.getQuery());
}
}
运行结果
http
localhost
8080
/helloworld/index.jsp
/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123
username=kuangshen&password=123
通过url下载网络资源
public class UrlDownLoad {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL("https://win-web-rc01-sycdn.kuwo.cn/303bdee656bd4a7ae6a0cfa8538f1157/614ad690/resource/n3/60/82/1536711583.mp3");
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("逍遥.mp3");
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
outputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
}
outputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}
|