Spring Boot 开发单体应用2
6.配置环境及首页
- 新建spring boot项目,导入依赖包。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<groupId>com.github</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-04-demo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springboot-04-demo</name>
<description>springboot-04-demo</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.6.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
- 导入实体类
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Department {
private Integer id;
private String departmentName;
}
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private Integer gender;
private Department department;
private Date birth;
}
- 配置dao层
package com.github.dao;
import com.github.pojo.Department;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Repository
public class DepartmentDao {
private static Map<Integer, Department> departments=null;
static {
departments = new HashMap<Integer, Department>();
departments.put(101,new Department(101,"运营部"));
departments.put(102,new Department(102,"策划部"));
departments.put(103,new Department(103,"法务部"));
departments.put(104,new Department(104,"开发部"));
departments.put(105,new Department(105,"宣传部"));
}
public Collection<Department> getDepartments(){
return departments.values();
}
public Department getDepartment(Integer id){
return departments.get(id);
}
}
package com.github.dao;
import com.github.pojo.Department;
import com.github.pojo.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {
private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees=null;
@Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
static {
employees = new HashMap<>();
employees.put(1001,new Employee(1001,"Quary","A2835467@qq.com",1,new Department(1001,"运营部"),new Date()));
employees.put(1002,new Employee(1002,"Quary","B2835467@qq.com",0,new Department(1002,"策划部"),new Date()));
employees.put(1003,new Employee(1003,"Quary","C2835467@qq.com",1,new Department(1003,"法务部"),new Date()));
employees.put(1004,new Employee(1004,"Quary","D2835467@qq.com",0,new Department(1004,"开发部"),new Date()));
employees.put(1005,new Employee(1005,"Quary","F2835467@qq.com",1,new Department(1005,"宣传部"),new Date()));
}
private static Integer initid=1006;
public void save(Employee employee){
if(employee.getId()==null){
employee.setId(initid);
}
employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartment(employee.getDepartment().getId()));
employees.put(employee.getId(),employee);
}
public Collection<Employee> getAll(){
return employees.values();
}
public Employee getEmployee(Integer id){
return employees.get(id);
}
public void delete(Integer id){
employees.remove(id);
}
}
- 导入静态资源
- css,js等放在static文件夹下
- html 放在 templates文件夹下
- 启动类由于是未连接数据库,需要修改为如下:
package com.github;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
public class Springboot04DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Springboot04DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
报错 :java: 程序包org.junit.jupiter.api不存在
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<version>5.5.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
IDEA springboot启动报错:APPLICATION FAILED TO START : Failed to configure a DataSource
-
原因:基于IDEA自带的spring Initializr 来创建springboot项目的,选取了MySQL Driver的依赖包配置,但却没有在配置文件(.yml/.properties/.yaml)中配置过数据源等相关信息,因此就会报错,无法找到数据源Datasource的路径。这里由于我是为了掩饰nacos的某些功能,因此暂时不需要用到数据库。 -
解决方法:
-
在配置文件里面,配置数据源 -
如果你不需要使用到数据库的话,可以直接在启动类的注解上修改即可: @SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
首页实现
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class IndexController {
@RequestMapping({"/","/index.html"})
public String index(){
return "index";
}
}
package com.github.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ViewControllerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
@Controller
public class IndexController implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("index");
registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("index");
}
}
- 解决了首页问题,还需要解决一个资源导入的问题;为了保证资源导入稳定,建议在所有资源导入时候使用 th:去替换原有的资源路径!这也是模板规范。
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<link th:href="@{/asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
<link th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.min.css}" rel="stylesheet">
<link th:href="@{/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body class="text-center">
<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
<img class="mb-4" th:src="@{/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" alt="" width="72" height="72">
<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal">Please sign in</h1>
<label class="sr-only">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" required="" autofocus="">
<label class="sr-only">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" required="">
<div class="checkbox mb-3">
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit">Sign in</button>
<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">? 2020-2021</p>
<a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
</form>
</body>
</html>
7.页面国际化
- 有的时候,我们的网站会去涉及中英文甚至多语言的切换,这时候我们就需要学习国际化了!
准备工作
- 先在IDEA中统一设置properties的编码问题!
- 编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化页面消息。
配置文件编写
-
在resources资源文件下新建一个i18n目录,存放国际化配置文件 -
建立一个login.properties文件,还有一个login_zh_CN.properties;发现IDEA自动识别了我们要做 国际化操作;文件夹变了!
- 在这上面去新建一个文件;
- 编写配置,依次添加其他页面内容即可!
login.btn=登录
login.password=密码
login.remember=记住我
login.tip=请登录
login.username=用户名
login.btn=Sign in
login.password=Password
login.remember=Remember me
login.tip=Please sign in
login.username=Username
login.btn=登录
login.password=密码
login.remember=记住我
login.tip=请登录
login.username=用户名
配置文件生效探究
- 去看一下SpringBoot对国际化的自动配置!这里又涉及到一个类:
MessageSourceAutoConfiguration 里面有一个方法,这里发现SpringBoot已经自动配置好了管理我们国际化资源文件的组件 ResourceBundleMessageSource;
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource(MessageSourceProperties properties) {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
if (StringUtils.hasText(properties.getBasename())) {
messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(properties.getBasename())));
}
if (properties.getEncoding() != null) {
messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(properties.getEncoding().name());
}
messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(properties.isFallbackToSystemLocale());
Duration cacheDuration = properties.getCacheDuration();
if (cacheDuration != null) {
messageSource.setCacheMillis(cacheDuration.toMillis());
}
messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(properties.isAlwaysUseMessageFormat());
messageSource.setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(properties.isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage());
return messageSource;
}
- 真实的情况是放在了i18n目录下,所以要去配置这个messages的路径;
spring.messages.basename=i18n.login
配置页面国际化值
- 去页面获取国际化的值,查看Thymeleaf的文档,找到message取值操作为: #{…}。我们去页面测试下:
- 可以去启动项目,访问一下,发现已经自动识别为中文的了!
配置国际化解析
- 在Spring中有一个国际化的Locale (区域信息对象);里面有一个叫做LocaleResolver (获取区域信息 对象)的解析器!去webmvc自动配置文件找一下!看到SpringBoot默认配置:
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(
prefix = "spring.mvc",
name = {"locale"}
)
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
if (this.mvcProperties.getLocaleResolver() == org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
} else {
AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
return localeResolver;
}
}
- AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver 这个类中有一个方法。
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
Locale defaultLocale = this.getDefaultLocale();
if (defaultLocale != null && request.getHeader("Accept-Language") == null) {
return defaultLocale;
} else {
Locale requestLocale = request.getLocale();
List<Locale> supportedLocales = this.getSupportedLocales();
if (!supportedLocales.isEmpty() && !supportedLocales.contains(requestLocale)) {
Locale supportedLocale = this.findSupportedLocale(request, supportedLocales);
if (supportedLocale != null) {
return supportedLocale;
} else {
return defaultLocale != null ? defaultLocale : requestLocale;
}
} else {
return requestLocale;
}
}
}
- 如果我们想点击链接让个人的国际化资源生效,就需要让我们自己的Locale生效! 需要去自己写一个自己的LocaleResolver,可以在链接上携带区域信息!
- 先修改一下前端页面的跳转:
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>
package com.github.component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.util.Locale;
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {
@Override
public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {
String language = request.getParameter("l");
Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(language)) {
String[] split = language.split("_");
locale = new Locale(split[0], split[1]);
}
return locale;
}
@Override
public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Locale locale) {
}
}
- 为了让区域化信息能够生效,需要再配置一下这个组件!在个人的MvcConofig下添加 bean;
@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
return new MyLocaleResolver();
}
- 重启项目,访问一下,发现点击按钮可以实现成功切换!
8.登录功能实现
禁用模板缓存
# 禁用模板缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
- 模板引擎修改后,想要实时生效!页面修改完毕后,Ctrl + F9 重新编译!即可生效!
登录
- 把登录页面的表单提交地址写一个controller!
<form class="form-signin" th:action="@{/user/login}" method="post">
</form>
- 编写对应的controller
@Controller
public class LoginController {
@PostMapping("/user/login")
public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username,
@RequestParam("password") String password,
Model model, HttpSession session){
if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(username) && "123456".equals(password)){
session.setAttribute("loginUser",username);
return "dashboard";
}else {
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名密码错误");
return "index";
}
}
}
- 测试登录,默认用户名:admin,密码:123456
- 登录失败的话,需要将后台信息输出到前台,可以在首页标题下面加上判断!
<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}">
</p>
- 优化,登录成功后,由于是转发,链接不变,可以重定向到首页!
- 再添加一个视图控制映射,在自己的MyMvcConfig中:
registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
- 将 Controller 的代码改为重定向;
return "redirect:/main.html";
登录拦截器
- 先自定义一个拦截器:
package com.github.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
response, Object handler) throws Exception {
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
if(user==null){
request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限,请登录账户");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
return false;
}else {
return true;
}
}
}
- 然后将拦截器注册到SpringMVC配置类当中——
MyMVCConfig.java !
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor())
.addPathPatterns("/**")
.excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login","/static/**");
}
- 然后在后台主页,获取用户登录的信息——
dashboard.html 。
[[${session.loginUser}]]
报错:No mapping for GET /css/bootstrap.min.css
- 在MyMvcConfig.java内加上这两个函数
private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = {
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**").addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
}
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/**")) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations(
CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS);
}
}
9.员工列表实现
RestFul 风格
- 要求: 需要使用 Restful风格实现CRUD操作!
| 普通CRUD(uri来区分操作) | RestfulCRUD |
---|
查询 | getEmp | emp–GET | 添加 | addEmp?xxx | emp–POST | 修改 | updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx | emp/{id}–PUT | 删除 | deleteEmp?id=1 | emp/{id}—DELETE |
实验功能 | 请求URI | 请求方式 |
---|
查询所有员工 | emps | GET | 查询某个员工(来到修改页面) | emp/1 | GET | 来到添加页面 | emp | GET | 添加员工 | emp | POST | 来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显) | emp/1 | GET | 修改员工 | emp | PUT | 删除员工 | emp/1 | DELETE |
员工列表的跳转
- 修改首页侧边栏的Customers为员工管理。
- a链接添加请求
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" th:href="@{/emps}">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-users">
<path d="M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
<circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
<path d="M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87"></path>
<path d="M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75"></path>
</svg>
员工管理
</a>
</li>
- 将list文件放到emp文件夹下
- 编写Controller
@Controller
public class EmployeeController {
@Autowired
EmployeeDao employeeDao;
@RequestMapping("/emps")
public String list(Model model){
Collection<Employee> employees = employeeDao.getAll();
model.addAttribute("emps",employees);
return "emp/list";
}
}
- 启动测试。
Thymeleaf 公共页面元素抽取
步骤:
- 抽取公共片段 th:fragment 定义模板名;
- 引入公共片段 th:insert 插入模板名;
实现:
- 使用list列表做演示!要抽取头部nav标签,在dashboard中将nav部分定义一个模板名;
- 在
templates 目录下新建一个commons 包,其中新建commons.html 用来放置公共页面代码。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<nav class="navbar navbar-dark sticky-top bg-dark flex-md-nowrap p-0" th:fragment="topbar">
<a class="navbar-brand col-sm-3 col-md-2 mr-0" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">[[${session.loginUser}]]</a>
<input class="form-control form-control-dark w-100" type="text" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
<ul class="navbar-nav px-3">
<li class="nav-item text-nowrap">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">Sign out</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" th:fragment="siderbar">
<div class="sidebar-sticky">
<ul class="nav flex-column">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link active" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">
<path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
<polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
</svg>
Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-file">
<path d="M13 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V9z"></path>
<polyline points="13 2 13 9 20 9"></polyline>
</svg>
Orders
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-shopping-cart">
<circle cx="9" cy="21" r="1"></circle>
<circle cx="20" cy="21" r="1"></circle>
<path d="M1 1h4l2.68 13.39a2 2 0 0 0 2 1.61h9.72a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.61L23 6H6"></path>
</svg>
Products
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" th:href="@{/emps}">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-users">
<path d="M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
<circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
<path d="M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87"></path>
<path d="M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75"></path>
</svg>
员工管理
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-bar-chart-2">
<line x1="18" y1="20" x2="18" y2="10"></line>
<line x1="12" y1="20" x2="12" y2="4"></line>
<line x1="6" y1="20" x2="6" y2="14"></line>
</svg>
Reports
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-layers">
<polygon points="12 2 2 7 12 12 22 7 12 2"></polygon>
<polyline points="2 17 12 22 22 17"></polyline>
<polyline points="2 12 12 17 22 12"></polyline>
</svg>
Integrations
</a>
</li>
</ul>
<h6 class="sidebar-heading d-flex justify-content-between align-items-center px-3 mt-4 mb-1 text-muted">
<span>Saved reports</span>
<a class="d-flex align-items-center text-muted"
href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"
stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
class="feather feather-plus-circle">
<circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle>
<line x1="12" y1="8" x2="12" y2="16"></line>
<line x1="8" y1="12" x2="16" y2="12"></line>
</svg>
</a>
</h6>
<ul class="nav flex-column mb-2">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-file-text">
<path d="M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z"></path>
<polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline>
<line x1="16" y1="13" x2="8" y2="13"></line>
<line x1="16" y1="17" x2="8" y2="17"></line>
<polyline points="10 9 9 9 8 9"></polyline>
</svg>
Current month
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-file-text">
<path d="M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z"></path>
<polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline>
<line x1="16" y1="13" x2="8" y2="13"></line>
<line x1="16" y1="17" x2="8" y2="17"></line>
<polyline points="10 9 9 9 8 9"></polyline>
</svg>
Last quarter
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-file-text">
<path d="M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z"></path>
<polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline>
<line x1="16" y1="13" x2="8" y2="13"></line>
<line x1="16" y1="17" x2="8" y2="17"></line>
<polyline points="10 9 9 9 8 9"></polyline>
</svg>
Social engagement
</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"
fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round"
stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-file-text">
<path d="M14 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V8z"></path>
<polyline points="14 2 14 8 20 8"></polyline>
<line x1="16" y1="13" x2="8" y2="13"></line>
<line x1="16" y1="17" x2="8" y2="17"></line>
<polyline points="10 9 9 9 8 9"></polyline>
</svg>
Year-end sale
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
</html>
- 删除
dashboard.html 和list.html 中顶部导航栏和侧边栏的代码。
- 分别在
dashboard.html 和list.html 删除的部分插入提取出来的公共部分topbar 和sidebar 。
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::topbar}"></div>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::siderbar}"></div>
点亮高亮
- 在页面中,使高亮的代码是
class="nav-link active" 属性。
- 可以通过传递参数判断点击了哪个标签实现相应的高亮,首先在
dashboard.html 的侧边栏标签传递参数active 为dashboard.html 。
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::siderbar(active='dashboard.html')}"></div>
- 同样在
list.html 的侧边栏标签传递参数active 为list.html 。
<div th:replace="~{commons/commons::siderbar(active='list.html')}"></div>
- 在公共页面
commons.html 相应标签部分利用thymeleaf接收参数active ,利用三元运算符判断决定是否高亮。
显示员工信息
修改性别的显示和date的显示,并添加编辑 和删除 两个标签。
<table class="table table-striped table-sm">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>id</th>
<th>lastName</th>
<th>email</th>
<th>gender</th>
<th>department</th>
<th>birth</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
<td th:text="${emp.getId()}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.getLastName()}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.getEmail()}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.getGender()==0?'女':'男'}"></td>
<td th:text="${emp.getDepartment().getDepartmentName()}"></td>
<td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.getBirth(),'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
<td>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary">编辑</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-danger">删除</a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
10.增加员工实现
- 在
list.html 页面增添一个增加员工 按钮,点击该按钮时发起一个请求/add 。
- 编写对应的controller。
@GetMapping("/add")
public String add(Model model){
return "emp/add";
}
- 创建添加员工页面add
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="quary">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control"
placeholder="1524368@qq.com">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"
value="1">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"
value="0">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control">
<option>1</option>
<option>2</option>
<option>3</option>
<option>4</option>
<option>5</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="quary">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>
- 修改一下前端和后端,处理点击
添加员工 的请求。通过get 方式提交请求,在EmployeeController 中添加一个方法add 用来处理list 页面点击提交按钮的操作,返回到add.html 添加员工页面。
@Autowired
DepartmentDao departmentDao;
@GetMapping("/add")
public String add(Model model){
Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
model.addAttribute("departments",departments);
return "emp/add";
}
<main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
<form>
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input type="text" name="lastName" class="form-control" placeholder="quary">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input type="email" name="email" class="form-control"
placeholder="15243685@qq.com">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"
value="1">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"
value="0">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<option th:each="department:${departments}" th:text="${department.getDepartmentName()}" th:value="${department.getId()}"></option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input type="text" name="birth" class="form-control" placeholder="birth:yyyy/MM/dd">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>
</form>
</main>
- 重启主程序,点击添加员工,成功跳转到
add.html 页面。
完整增加员工功能
- 由于在
add.html 页面,当我们填写完信息,点击添加 按钮,应该完成添加返回到list 页面,展示新的员工信息;因此在add.html 点击添加 按钮的一瞬间,我们同样发起一个请求/add ,与上述提交按钮 发出的请求路径一样,但这里发出的是post 请求。
- 修改add页面form表单提交地址和方式
<form th:action="@{/add}" method="post">
- 编写对应的controller,在
EmployeeController 中添加一个方法addEmp 用来处理点击添加按钮 的操作。
@PostMapping("/add")
public String addEmp(Employee employee) {
return "redirect:/emps";
}
- 原理探究 : ThymeleafViewResolver
public static final String REDIRECT_URL_PREFIX = "redirect:";
public static final String FORWARD_URL_PREFIX = "forward:";
protected View createView(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception {
if (!this.alwaysProcessRedirectAndForward && !this.canHandle(viewName, locale)) {
vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View \"{}\" cannot be handled by ThymeleafViewResolver. Passing on to the next resolver in the chain.", viewName);
return null;
} else {
String forwardUrl;
if (viewName.startsWith("redirect:")) {
vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View \"{}\" is a redirect, and will not be handled directly by ThymeleafViewResolver.", viewName);
forwardUrl = viewName.substring("redirect:".length(), viewName.length());
RedirectView view = new RedirectView(forwardUrl, this.isRedirectContextRelative(), this.isRedirectHttp10Compatible());
return (View)this.getApplicationContext().getAutowireCapableBeanFactory().initializeBean(view, viewName);
} else if (viewName.startsWith("forward:")) {
vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View \"{}\" is a forward, and will not be handled directly by ThymeleafViewResolver.", viewName);
forwardUrl = viewName.substring("forward:".length(), viewName.length());
return new InternalResourceView(forwardUrl);
} else if (this.alwaysProcessRedirectAndForward && !this.canHandle(viewName, locale)) {
vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View \"{}\" cannot be handled by ThymeleafViewResolver. Passing on to the next resolver in the chain.", viewName);
return null;
} else {
vrlogger.trace("[THYMELEAF] View {} will be handled by ThymeleafViewResolver and a {} instance will be created for it", viewName, this.getViewClass().getSimpleName());
return this.loadView(viewName, locale);
}
}
}
- 编写controller接收调试打印。
@PostMapping("/add")
public String addEmp(Employee employee) {
System.out.println(employee);
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/emps";
}
- 重启主程序,进行测试,进入添加页面,填写相关信息,注意日期格式默认为
yyyy/MM/dd 。
- 提交发现页面出现了400错误!
- 生日是我们提交的是一个日期, 第一次使用的 / 正常提交成功了,后面使用 - 就错误了,所以这里面应该存在一个日期格式化的问题; SpringMVC会将页面提交的值转换为指定的类型,默认日期是按照 / 的方式提交 ; 比如将2021/11/09 转换为一个date对象。 那思考一个问题?那能不能修改这个默认的格式呢? 先去看webmvc的自动配置文件;找到一个日期格式化的方法:
@Bean
public FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService() {
WebConversionService conversionService = new WebConversionService(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());
this.addFormatters(conversionService);
return conversionService;
}
public String getDateFormat() {
return this.dateFormat;
}
- 所以可以自定义的去修改这个时间格式化问题,在配置文件中修改一下;
# 日期格式化
spring.mvc.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd
11.修改员工信息
- list页面编辑按钮增添请求。
- 当用户点击
编辑 标签时,应该跳转到编辑页面update.html (开始创建)进行编辑。将list.html 页面的编辑标签添加href 属性,实现点击请求/edit/id号 到编辑页面。
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/edit/{id}(id=${emp.getId()})}">编辑</a>
- 编写对应的controller
@RequestMapping("/edit/{id}")
public String toUpdateAll(@PathVariable("id") int id, Model model) {
Employee employee = employeeDao.getEmployee(id);
model.addAttribute("emp", employee);
Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
model.addAttribute("departments", departments);
return "/emp/update";
}
- 将add页面复制一份,改为update页面;需要修改页面,将后台查询数据回显。
<form th:action="@{/edit}" method="post">
<div class="form-group">
<label>LastName</label>
<input th:value="${emp.getLastName()}" type="text" name="lastName" class="form-control"
placeholder="lastname:zsr">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Email</label>
<input th:value="${emp.getEmail()}" type="email" name="email" class="form-control"
placeholder="email:xxxxx@qq.com">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Gender</label><br/>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input th:checked="${emp.getGender()==1}" class="form-check-input" type="radio"
name="gender" value="1">
<label class="form-check-label">男</label>
</div>
<div class="form-check form-check-inline">
<input th:checked="${emp.getGender()==0}" class="form-check-input" type="radio"
name="gender" value="0">
<label class="form-check-label">女</label>
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>department</label>
<select class="form-control" name="department.id">
<option th:selected="${department.getId()==emp.department.getId()}"
th:each="department:${departments}" th:text="${department.getDepartmentName()}"
th:value="${department.getId()}">
</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>Birth</label>
<input th:value="${emp.getBirth()}" type="text" name="birth" class="form-control" placeholder="birth:yyyy/MM/dd">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">修改</button>
</form>
<input th:value="${#dates.format(emp.getBirth(),'yyyy-MM-dd')}" type="text" name="date" class="form-control"
placeholder="birth:yy/MM/dd">
- 修改表单提交的地址:
<form th:action="@{/updateEmp}" method="post">
- 编写对应的controller
@PostMapping("/updateEmp")
public String updateEmp(Employee employee){
employeeDao.save(employee);
return "redirect:/emps";
}
- 指定修改人的id。
12.删除员工
- list页面,编写提交地址。点击
删除 标签时,应该发起一个请求,删除指定的用户,然后重新返回到list 页面显示员工数据。
<a class="btn btn-sm btn-danger" th:href="@{/delete/{id}(id=${emp.getId()})}">删除</a>
- 编写Controller
@GetMapping("/delete/{id}")
public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
employeeDao.delete(id);
return "redirect:/emps";
}
404页面
- 在模板目录下添加一个error文件夹,文件夹中存放我们相应的错误页面;比如404.html 或者 4xx.html 等等,SpringBoot就会帮我们自动使用了!
13.注销页面
- 注销请求,在提取出来的公共
commons 页面,顶部导航栏处中的标签添加href 属性,实现点击发起请求/user/logout 。
<a class="nav-link" href="#" th:href="@{/user/loginOut}">Sign out</a>
- 编写对应的controller,处理点击
注销 标签的请求,在LoginController 中编写对应的方法,清除session,并重定向到首页。
@RequestMapping("/user/loginOut")
public String logout(HttpSession session) {
session.invalidate();
return "redirect:/index.html";
}
14.定制错误数据
SpringBoot 默认的错误处理机制
- 浏览器访问的默认的错误处理效果:
- 如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个 json 数据;
错误处理原理分析:
我们看到自动配置类:ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration 错误处理的自动配置类;
这里面注入了几个很重要的 bean;
-
DefaultErrorAttributes -
BasicErrorController -
ErrorPageCustomizer -
DefaultErrorViewResolver
错误处理步骤:
- 一旦系统出现了 4xx 或者 5xx 之类的错误,ErrorPageCustomizer 就会生效(定制错误的响应规则)
@Bean
public ErrorPageCustomizer errorPageCustomizer(DispatcherServletPath
dispatcherServletPath) {
return new ErrorPageCustomizer(this.serverProperties,
dispatcherServletPath);
}
- 发现一个方法 registerErrorPages 注册错误页面:
@Override
public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry errorPageRegistry) {
ErrorPage errorPage = new ErrorPage(
this.dispatcherServletPath.getRelativePath(this.properties.getError().getPath()));
errorPageRegistry.addErrorPages(errorPage);
}
public String getPath() {
return this.path;
}
@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error";
- 系统一旦出现错误之后就会来到 /error 请求进行处理;这个请求会被 BasicErrorController 处理:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
}
@RequestMapping(produces = MediaType.TEXT_HTML_VALUE)
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status,model);
return (modelAndView != null) ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error",model);
}
@RequestMapping
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request)
{
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
if (status == HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT) {
return new ResponseEntity<>(status);
}
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
return new ResponseEntity<>(body, status);
}
- 来看看resolveErrorView 这个方法:
protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response,
HttpStatus status,
Map<String, Object> model) {
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request,
status, model);
if (modelAndView != null) {
return modelAndView;
}
}
return null;
}
- 在之前看到有这样一个bean DefaultErrorViewResolver 默认的错误视图解析器 :
public class DefaultErrorViewResolver implements ErrorViewResolver, Ordered
{
private static final Map<Series, String> SERIES_VIEWS;
static {
Map<Series, String> views = new EnumMap<>(Series.class);
views.put(Series.CLIENT_ERROR, "4xx");
views.put(Series.SERVER_ERROR, "5xx");
SERIES_VIEWS = Collections.unmodifiableMap(views);
}
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status.value()),
model);
if (modelAndView == null &&
SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()),
model);
}
return modelAndView;
}
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model)
{
String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider =
this.templateAvailabilityProviders.getProvider(errorViewName,
this.applicationContext);
if (provider != null) {
return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
}
return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}
}
- 所以说:定制错误页面,我们可以建立一个 error 目录,然后放入对应的错误码html文件! 比如:404.html 500.html 4xx.html 5xx.html
- 这些页面的信息数据在哪里呢?
- 我们找到 DefaultErrorAttributes 这个bean对象;里面有很多的 addxx 方法,就是添加不同的信息;
至此,用SpringBoot开发一个简单的单体应用对我们来说就没什么太大的问题了!
|