一、Seata 介绍
????????Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案,致力于提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。Seata 将为用户提供了 AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式,为用户打造一站式的分布式解决方案。
????????Seata相关名词
????????TC (Transaction Coordinator) - 事务协调者
????????维护全局和分支事务的状态,驱动全局事务提交或回滚。
????????TM (Transaction Manager) - 事务管理器
????????定义全局事务的范围:开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。
????????RM (Resource Manager) - 资源管理器
????????管理分支事务处理的资源,与TC交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态,并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。
二、软件版本
????????代码地址(Seata 和 SQL?脚本在resource目录下): ? ? ? ? spring-cloud-seata
三、环境搭建
3.1、安装Seata
3.1.1、下载seata-server
????????下载seata-server-1.4.2.zip,地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/releases
3.1.2、安装seata-server
????????解压seata-server-1.4.2.zip
?3.1.3、 seata数据库配置
????????创建数据库spring-cloud-seata-eureka ,并创建seata服务需要的表:
????????global_table、branch_table、lock_table
????????seata-server 需要的数据库脚本:
? ? ? ??https://github.com/seata/seata/tree/v1.4.2/script/server/db
????????seata-client 需要的数据库脚本:
????????https://github.com/seata/seata/tree/v1.4.2/script/client/at/db
? ? ? ? Seata AT 模式,客户端只需要 undo_log表,下面要新建业务表t_account、t_order、t_storage 三张业务表?
????????如果三张表放到一个数据库里面,只需要新建一个 undo_log 表
????????如果将三张表拆分到三个数据库里面,则每个数据库都需要创建 undo_log 表
3.1.4、配置seata-server
? ? ? ? 我们需要修改 seata-server-1.4.2/conf 目录里面file.conf和registry.conf,这里我们使用的是eureka注册中心,存储使用的MySQL数据库,配置如下
????????file.conf 配置如下:
## transaction log store, only used in seata-server
store {
? ## store mode: file、db、redis
? mode = "db"
? ## rsa decryption public key
? publicKey = ""
? ## database store property
? db {
? ? ## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
? ? datasource = "druid"
? ? ## mysql/oracle/postgresql/h2/oceanbase etc.
? ? dbType = "mysql"
? ? driverClassName = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"
? ? ## if using mysql to store the data, recommend add rewriteBatchedStatements=true in jdbc connection param
? ? url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spring-cloud-seata-eureka?rewriteBatchedStatements=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false"
? ? user = "root"
? ? password = "root"
? ? minConn = 5
? ? maxConn = 30
? ? globalTable = "global_table"
? ? branchTable = "branch_table"
? ? lockTable = "lock_table"
? ? queryLimit = 100
? }
}
????????registry.conf 配置如下
registry {
? # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
? type = "eureka"
? eureka {
? ? serviceUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka"
? ? application = "default"
? ? weight = "1"
? }
}
config {
? # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
? type = "file"
??
? file {
? ? name = "file.conf"
? }
}
3.2、启动服务
3.2.1、启动Eureka注册中心
? ? ? ? eureka配置如下:
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
????????启动eureka
3.2.2、启动Seata服务
????????执行 seata-server-1.4.2\bin 目录下的 seata-server.bat (windows)/ seata-server.sh (linux或mac)启动seata服务 。
????????打开?http://localhost:8761/,我们可以看出,seata 服务已经成功注册到eureka注册中心。
四、项目架构
4.1、项目说明
????????用户购买商品的业务逻辑。整个业务逻辑由3个微服务提供支持:
- 采购服务(business-service):购买商品的业务逻辑,也是事务的发起者。
- 仓储服务(storage-service):对给定的商品扣除仓储数量。
- 订单服务(order-service):根据采购需求创建订单。
- 帐户服务(account-service):从用户帐户中扣除余额。
4.2、项目架构
五、项目搭建
5.1、项目结构
5.2、表结构初始化
????????初始化订单、库存、账户三张表
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_account
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_account`;
CREATE TABLE `t_account` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
`money` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_account
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_account` VALUES (1, 10001, 10000);
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_order
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_order`;
CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
`commodity_code` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`count` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
`money` bigint(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_order
-- ----------------------------
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_storage
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_storage`;
CREATE TABLE `t_storage` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`commodity_code` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`commodity_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
`price` bigint(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,
UNIQUE INDEX `commodity_code`(`commodity_code`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_storage
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_storage` VALUES (1, '10001', '苹果手机', 100, 1000);
5.3、服务搭建
5.3.1、pom依赖
????????order-service、storage-service、account-service三个服务的pom.xml的依赖一样,business-service服务不需要连接数据库,所以不需要引用mybatis-plus-boot-starter和mysql-connector-java
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
5.3.2、application.yml
????????order-service、storage-service、account-service三个服务的application.yml基本一致,其中需要修改的有以下几个地方:
server.port
spring.application.name
mybatis-plus.type-aliases-package
seata.application-id
????????order-service 服务yml配置
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: order-service
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spring-cloud-seata-eureka?characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
eureka:
instance:
instance-id: order-service
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
fetch-registry: true
register-with-eureka: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka
mybatis-plus:
global-config:
banner: false
configuration:
log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl #开启sql日志
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true # 开启驼峰
type-aliases-package: com.seata.order.entity #定义所有操作类的别名所在包
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
# Seata Config
seata:
application-id: order-service
tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group
service:
vgroup-mapping:
# 此处配置对应Server端配置registry.eureka.application的值
my_test_tx_group: default
registry:
type: eureka
eureka:
service-url: http://localhost:8761/eureka
weight: 1
????????business-service服务不需要连接数据库,所以不用配置datasource和mybatis-plus节点
server:
port: 9000
spring:
application:
name: business-service
eureka:
instance:
instance-id: business-service
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
fetch-registry: true
register-with-eureka: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka
# Seata Config
seata:
application-id: business-service
tx-service-group: my_test_tx_group
service:
vgroup-mapping:
# 此处配置对应Server端配置registry.eureka.application的值
my_test_tx_group: default
registry:
type: eureka
eureka:
service-url: http://localhost:8761/eureka
weight: 1
5.3.3、seata配置说明(这一步不用配置,只是说明一下上述配置)
????????registry.conf中内容已经配置到 application.yml 中,因此不需要引用registry.conf文件
????????如果不想正application.yml中配置seata相关内容,只需要将seata相关的脚本file.conf、registry.conf拷贝到项目resource目录下
????????文件地址:https://github.com/seata/seata/tree/v1.4.2/script/client/conf
????????其中?registry.conf 修改后如下:
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa、custom
type = "eureka"
eureka {
serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
weight = "1"
}
}
config {
# file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3、springCloudConfig、custom
type = "file"
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
5.3.4、仓储服务
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
int deductStorage(String commodityCode, int count);
/**
* 扣减库存
*
* @param commodityCode 商品编码
* @param count 数量
* @return
*/
@Override
@Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public int deductStorage(String commodityCode, int count) {
log.info("[库存服务]>------>扣减库存开始");
storageMapper.deductStorage(commodityCode, count);
log.info("[库存服务]>------>扣减库存结束");
return count;
}
5.3.5、订单服务
/**
* 创建订单
*/
Long createOrder(Long userId, String commodityCode, int count);
/**
* 创建订单
*
* @param userId
* @param commodityCode
* @param count
* @return
*/
@Override
public Long createOrder(Long userId, String commodityCode, int count) {
log.info("[订单服务]>------>创建订单开始");
//扣减账户余额
Long price = storageService.selectPrice(commodityCode);
Long money = price * count;
// 创建订单
Order order = new Order();
order.setUserId(userId);
order.setCommodityCode(commodityCode);
order.setMoney(money);
order.setCount(count);
orderMapper.insert(order);
// 扣减账户
log.info("[订单服务]>------>扣减账户开始");
accountService.deductAccount(order.getUserId(), money);
log.info("[订单服务]>------>扣减账户结束");
log.info("[订单服务]>------>创建订单结束");
return order.getId();
}
5.3.6、帐户服务
/**
* 扣减账户
*/
Long deductAccount(Long userId, Long money);
/**
* 扣减账户
* @param userId
* @param money
* @return
*/
@Override
public Long deductAccount(Long userId, Long money) {
log.info("[账户服务]>------>扣减账户开始");
if (10000 == userId) {
throw new RuntimeException("[库存服务]>------>扣减库存异常");
}
accountMapper.deductAccount(userId, money);
log.info("[账户服务]>------>扣减账户结束");
return money;
}
5.3.7、采购业务逻辑
/**
* 扣减库存-》创建订单
*
* @param userId 用户Id
* @param commodityCode 商品编码
* @param count 数量
*/
@Override
@GlobalTransactional(timeoutMills = 10000, name = "spring-cloud-seata", rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public Long purchase(Long userId, String commodityCode, int count) {
log.info("开始全局事务,XID = " + RootContext.getXID());
log.info("[采购服务]>------>扣减库存开始");
storageService.deductStorage(commodityCode, count);
log.info("[采购服务]>------>扣减库存结束");
log.info("[采购服务]>------>创建订单开始");
Long orderId = orderService.createOrder(userId, commodityCode, count);
log.info("[采购服务]>------>创建订单结束");
return orderId;
}
5.3.8、查看服务启动情况
????????启动business服务,“register RM success.?”,表示RM已经注册到TC。
????????查看order服务的启动情况:
????????打开eureka注册中心,我们会清楚的看到各个服务的健康状态:
? ? ? ? 我们也可以从Seata服务端查看各个RM是否注册成功,如下图所示:?
5.3 分布式事务测试
5.3.1、正常业务逻辑测试
????????postman测试:
????????请求地址:? ? ? ? http://localhost:9000/business/purchase?userId=10001&commodityCode=10001&count=1
????????数据库中:订单表已经有一条数据,库存表商品库存数量减1
????????发起创建订单的请求后,日志里面可以清楚的看到本次全局事务的情况,
????????xid=172.20.97.98:8091:5395550782355771430,branchId=5395550782355771432,branchType=AT
????????business 服务的事务执行情况?
????????order 服务执行情况?
????????在Seata服务端,我们也能清楚的看到xid=172.20.97.98:8091:5395550782355771430这个全局事务的提交情况
5.3.1、异常业务逻辑测试
????????账户服务中,如果userId = 1000,就抛出异常,进行异常测试
@Override
public Long deductAccount(Long userId, Long money) {
log.info("[账户服务]>------>扣减账户开始");
if (10000L == userId) {
throw new RuntimeException("[账户服务]>------>扣减账户异常");
}
accountMapper.deductAccount(userId, money);
log.info("[账户服务]>------>扣减账户结束");
return money;
}
? ? ? ? http://localhost:9000/business/purchase?userId=10000&commodityCode=10001&count=1
????????这次全局事务ID 172.20.97.98:8091:5395550782355771442,开启全局事务
????????创建订单的时候,在order服务调用account服务的时候发生了异常?,下面日志可以看出,数据已经开始回滚。
????????Branch Rollbacking: 172.20.97.98:8091:5395550782355771442 5395550782355771447 jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/spring-cloud-seata-eureka
????????xid 172.20.97.98:8091:5395550782355771442 branch 5395550782355771447, undo_log deleted with GlobalFinished
????????Branch Rollbacked result: PhaseTwo_Rollbacked
????????回滚的时候,是将之前保存的undo_log 取出来,进行数据恢复,在发生异常的地方,我们打上断点,再次请求,会发现undo_log表会将前面执行的日志保存下来
????????undo_log保存之前的日志
源码地址:
GitHub - jeespring/spring-cloud-seata
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