一、环境

idea 2021.2.3
maven 3.8.4
服务器 tomcat 8.5.31
spring 5.3.1

二、构建maven工程

在这里插入图片描述

1.创建webapp模块

代码如下（示例）：
在模块中src\main\webapp\WEB-INF下添加web.xml
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2、在pom.xml中注入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.mvc</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo1</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <!--打包方式设置为war包 后面来配置tomcat服务器-->
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringMVC -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.3</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- ServletAPI -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring5和Thymeleaf整合包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.12.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3、web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--    配置springmvc的前端控制器DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--    配置springmvc配置文件的位置和名称，classpath（类路径：java/resource）
        否则会在WEB-INF下找    -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
<!--        将DispatcherServlet初始化放在服务器启动时-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<!--        不匹配.jsp后缀的文件（.jsp也是一种servlet请求）-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4、springmvc配置文件

??在resources目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--    扫描组件-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller"></context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置Thymeleaf视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">

                        <!-- 视图前缀 -->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>

                        <!-- 视图后缀 -->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

三、请求控制器

??标识为ioc容器组件

//标识为ioc容器的组件进行管理
@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index(){
        return "index"; //返回视图名称
    };

    //@RequestMapping的value值和请求地址保持一致
    @RequestMapping("/target")
    public String target(){
        return "target";//视图名称
    }
}