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[Java知识库]SpringCloud之Gateway网关路由转发route、断言predicates

1、gateway-ha 提供服务

在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yzm</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>gateway-ha</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>gateway-ha</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayHaApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayHaApplication.class, args);
    }

}

server:
  port: 8021

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-ha

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8088/eureka/

# 启动熔断降级
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

Controller

@RestController
public class HaController {

    @Resource
    private HaFeign haFeign;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @GetMapping("hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
        return "ha，" + name + " ! " + "访问端口号：" + port;
    }

    @GetMapping("ha")
    public String ha(@RequestParam String name) {
        return haFeign.callHi(name);
    }
}

Service

@FeignClient(value = "gateway-hi", fallback = HaBack.class)
public interface HaFeign {

    @GetMapping("hello")
    String callHi(@RequestParam String name);
}

@Service
public class HaBack implements HaFeign {
    @Override
    public String callHi(String name) {
        return "gateway-hi 服务挂了";
    }
}

2、gateway-hi 提供服务

在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yzm</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>gateway-hi</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>gateway-hi</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayHiApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayHiApplication.class, args);
    }

}

server:
  port: 8022

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-hi

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8088/eureka/

feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

Controller

@RestController
public class HiController {

    @Resource
    private HiFeign hiFeign;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @GetMapping("hello")
    public String hello(@RequestParam String name) {
        return "hi，" + name + " ! " + "访问端口号：" + port;
    }

    @GetMapping("hi")
    public String hi(@RequestParam String name) {
        return hiFeign.callHa(name);
    }

}

Service

@FeignClient(value = "gateway-ha", fallback = HiBack.class)
public interface HiFeign {

    @GetMapping("hello")
    String callHa(@RequestParam String name);
}

@Service
public class HiBack implements HiFeign {
    @Override
    public String callHa(String name) {
        return "gateway-ha 服务挂了";
    }
}

3、gateway-route 网关服务-路由转发

在这里插入图片描述

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.yzm</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath>../pom.xml</relativePath>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>gateway-route</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <name>gateway-route</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayRouteApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(GatewayRouteApplication.class, args);
    }
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8023

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8088/eureka/

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-route
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true
          # serviceId是否小写
          lowerCaseServiceId: true

通过gateway实现路由转发有两种方式：

方式一：通过代码配置类实现

@Configuration
public class RouteConfig {

    @Bean
    public RouteLocator customerRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
        return builder.routes()
                .route("to_gateway_ha", r -> r
                        .path("/ha/**")
                        .filters(f -> f.
                                stripPrefix(1)
                        )
                        .uri("http://localhost:8021/")
                )
                .route(r -> r
                        .path("/gw-ha/**", "/gw-a/**")
                        .filters(f -> f.
                                stripPrefix(1)
                        )
                        .uri("lb://gateway-ha")
                )
                .build();
    }

}

to_gateway_ha：路由ID，具备全局唯一性，可以不指定，缺省值UUID。
stripPrefix(1)：去掉前缀，1表示个数，如路由前请求/a/b/c/d，去掉1个前缀后请求/b/c/d再转发
uri()：可以指定详细地址(不能负载)，也可以指定服务ID

依次启动eureka、ha、hi和route服务
在这里插入图片描述
访问
http://localhost:8023/gateway-ha/hello?name=yzm
http://localhost:8023/gateway-hi/hello?name=yzm

这是网关的默认路由规则

访问
http://localhost:8023/gw-a/hello?name=yzm
http://localhost:8023/gw-ha/hello?name=yzm
http://localhost:8023/ha/hello?name=yzm
在这里插入图片描述
这是自定义的路由规则

方式二：通过配置文件yml实现

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-route
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true
          lowerCaseServiceId: true
      routes:
        - id: gw_ha
          uri: http://localhost:8021/
          predicates:
            - Path=/hhha/*
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
        - id: to_gateway_hi
          uri: lb://gateway-hi
          predicates:
            - Path=/hi/*
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1

重启route服务
访问
http://localhost:8023/hhha/hello?name=yzm
http://localhost:8023/hi/hello?name=yzm
在这里插入图片描述
路由转发简单实现完成！

4、predicate 断言，即路由条件

Path 路径匹配

      routes:
        - id: path_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Path=/ha

Method 请求方式

	routes:
        - id: method_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Method=POST

Before 某时间点之前

	routes:
        - id: time_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Before=2022-03-10T16:00:22.432+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #在该时区前发生

After 某时间点之后

	routes:
        - id: time_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - After=2022-03-10T15:00:22.432+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #在该时区后发生

Between 两时间点之间

	routes:
        - id: time_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Between=2022-01-10T15:00:22.432+08:00[Asia/Shanghai],2022-10-10T16:00:22.432+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #在两个时区内发生

Header 请求头

	routes:
        - id: header_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Header=id,001 #携带header信息，相当于键值对，id为key，001为value
            - Header=id,\d+ #携带header信息，相当于键值对，id为key，\d+为value，是一个正则表达式，表达为正数

Cookie

	routes:
        - id: cookie_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Cookie=username,yzm #携带cookies信息，相当于键值对，username为key，yzm为value
            - Cookie=username,\d+ #携带cookies信息，相当于键值对，username为key，\d+为value

Host 域名

	routes:
        - id: host_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Host=**.baidu.com,**.another.com

Query 查询条件

	routes:
        - id: query_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Query=number,123 #带查询条件，第一个是查询参数名称，第二个是可选的值，有参数名为number且值=123
            - Query=number #带查询条件，有参数名为number，值无所谓
            - Query=number,\d+

RemoteAddr 远程地址

	routes:
        - id: raddr_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - RemoteAddr=192.168.1.1/24

在这里插入图片描述

server:
  port: 8024

eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8088/eureka/

spring:
  application:
    name: gateway-predicate
  cloud:
    gateway:
      discovery:
        locator:
          enabled: true
          lowerCaseServiceId: true
      routes:
        #Path
        - id: path_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Path=/ha
        #Method
        - id: method_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Method=POST
        #Header
        - id: header_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Header=id,\d+ #携带header信息，相当于键值对，id为key，\d+为value，是一个正则表达式，表达为正数
        #Cookie
        - id: cookie_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Cookie=username,\d+ #携带cookies信息，相当于键值对，username为key，\d+为value
        #Host
        - id: host_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Host=**.baidu.com,**.another.com
        #Query
        - id: query_route
          uri: lb://gateway-ha
          predicates:
            - Query=number,\d+
        #Time
#        - id: time_route
#          uri: lb://gateway-ha
#          predicates:
#            - After=2020-10-30T15:00:22.432+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #在该时区后发生
#            - Before=2020-10-30T16:00:22.432+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #在该时区前发生
#            - Between=2020-10-30T15:00:22.432+08:00[Asia/Shanghai],2020-10-30T16:00:22.432+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] #在两个时区内发生

在gateway-ha服务中添加接口

    @PostMapping("post")
    public String post() {
        System.out.println("post");
        return "post";
    }

    @GetMapping("time")
    public String time() {
        System.out.println("time");
        return "time";
    }

    @GetMapping("/header")
    public String header(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name + " = " + request.getHeader(name));
        }
        return "header";
    }

    @GetMapping("/cookie")
    public String cookie(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
        for (Cookie cookie : cookies) {
            System.out.println(cookie.getName() + " = " + cookie.getValue());
        }
        return "cookie";
    }

    @GetMapping("/host")
    public String host(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String name = headerNames.nextElement();
            System.out.println(name + " = " + request.getHeader(name));
        }
        return "host";
    }

    @GetMapping("/query")
    public String query(Integer number) {
        System.out.println(number);
        return "query";
    }

依次启动eureka、ha、predicates服务

使用curl访问
curl -XPOST localhost:8024/post
在这里插入图片描述
curl localhost:8024/header -H “id:111”

curl localhost:8024/cookie --cookie “username=222”

curl localhost:8024/host -H “host:a.another.com”

curl localhost:8024/query?number=333