[Java知识库]Spring - Spring事务控制详解与案例总结

Spring的事务控制

编程式事务控制相关对象

PlatformTransactionManager

就是一个接口

TransactionDefinition

事务隔离级别

事务传播行为

TransactionStatus

基于XML的声明式事务控制

什么是声明式事务控制

转账业务环境搭建

新建项目、导入相关依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.32</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

编写Dao层

package com.taotao.dao;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:29
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public interface AccountDao {
    void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate);
    
    void out(String outMan,double money);
    
    void in(String inMan,double money);
}

package com.taotao.dao.impl;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:28
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }

    public void out(String outMan, double money) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set money = money-? where name=?",money,outMan);
    }

    public void in(String inMan, double money) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set money=money+? where name=?",money,inMan);
    }
}

实体类

package com.taotao.domain;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:34
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class Account {
    private String name;
    private double money;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(double money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", money=" + money +
                '}';
    }
}

service层

package com.taotao.service;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:37
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public interface AccountService {
    void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao);

    void transfer(String outMan,String inMan,double money);
}

package com.taotao.service.impl;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;
import com.taotao.service.AccountService;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:36
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    public void transfer(String outMan, String inMan, double money) {
        accountDao.out(outMan,money);
        accountDao.in(inMan,money);
    }
}

操作类

package com.taotao.controller;

import com.taotao.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:53
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class AccountController {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
        accountService.transfer("ano","lucy",500);
    }
}

Spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--    加载jdbc.properties-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--    数据源对象-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

    </bean>
    <!--    jdbc模板对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.taotao.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.taotao.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=12345

测试转账成功

声明式事务控制的表现

当数据异常时，终止提交事务

编辑spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

    <!--    加载jdbc.properties-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--    数据源对象-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

    </bean>
    <!--    jdbc模板对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.taotao.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
    </bean>

    <!--    目标对象 内部的方法时切点-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.taotao.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/>
    </bean>

    <!--    配置平台事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--    通知 事务的增强-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!--    配置事务的aop织入-->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.taotao.service.impl.*.*(..))"></aop:advisor>
    </aop:config>

</beans>

在业务成加个异常切入点

当异常时，不提交数据

package com.taotao.service.impl;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;
import com.taotao.service.AccountService;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:36
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    public void transfer(String outMan, String inMan, double money) {
        accountDao.out(outMan,money);
        int i = 1 / 0;
        accountDao.in(inMan,money);
    }
}

成功测试

运行

不会滚事务的情况

注销语句

    <!--    配置事务的aop织入-->
<!--    <aop:config>-->
<!--        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.taotao.service.impl.*.*(..))"></aop:advisor>-->
<!--    </aop:config>-->

测试运行

钱少了500

切点方法的事务参数的配置

基于注解的声明式事务控制

复制项目

注解修改dao层

package com.taotao.dao.impl;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:28
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
@Repository("accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {

    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }

    public void out(String outMan, double money) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set money = money-? where name=?",money,outMan);
    }

    public void in(String inMan, double money) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set money=money+? where name=?",money,inMan);
    }
}

注解修改service层

package com.taotao.service.impl;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;
import com.taotao.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:36
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Autowired
    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    public void transfer(String outMan, String inMan, double money) {
        accountDao.out(outMan,money);
        int i = 1 / 0;
        accountDao.in(inMan,money);
    }
}

Spring.xml组件扫描

注意context命名空间配置

<!--    组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.taotao"/>

我们删除一些配置，使用注解完成

下面的都删除

    <!--    通知 事务的增强-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

<!--        配置事务的aop织入-->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.taotao.service.impl.*.*(..))"></aop:advisor>
    </aop:config>

我们service层加注解（方式1）

package com.taotao.service.impl;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;
import com.taotao.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:36
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Autowired
    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    @Transactional(isolation = Isolation.READ_COMMITTED,propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void transfer(String outMan, String inMan, double money) {
        accountDao.out(outMan,money);
//        int i = 1 / 0;
        accountDao.in(inMan,money);
    }

    @Transactional(isolation = Isolation.DEFAULT)
    public void xxx(){
        
    }
}

我们service层加注解（方式2）

package com.taotao.service.impl;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;
import com.taotao.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:36
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Autowired
    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    public void transfer(String outMan, String inMan, double money) {
        accountDao.out(outMan,money);
//        int i = 1 / 0;
        accountDao.in(inMan,money);
    }

    public void xxx(){

    }
}

我们service层加注解（方式3）

就近原则

package com.taotao.service.impl;

import com.taotao.dao.AccountDao;
import com.taotao.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * create by 刘鸿涛
 * 2022/4/26 17:36
 */
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
@Service("accountService")
@Transactional(isolation = Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ)
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Autowired
    public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
        this.accountDao = accountDao;
    }

    @Transactional(isolation = Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ,propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
    public void transfer(String outMan, String inMan, double money) {
        accountDao.out(outMan,money);
//        int i = 1 / 0;
        accountDao.in(inMan,money);
    }

    public void xxx(){

    }
}

Spring配置注解驱动

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

<!--    组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.taotao"/>

    <!--    加载jdbc.properties-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--    数据源对象-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

    </bean>
    <!--    jdbc模板对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="accountDao" class="com.taotao.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
    </bean>

    <!--    目标对象 内部的方法时切点-->
    <bean id="accountService" class="com.taotao.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
        <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"/>
    </bean>

    <!--    配置平台事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

<!--    事务的注解驱动-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

</beans>

成功测试

转账成功

转账失败

事务中断，不提交

        accountDao.out(outMan,money);
        int i = 1 / 0;
        accountDao.in(inMan,money);

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