SpringBoot中提供了自动配置功能，嵌入式Servlet容器也是通过自动配置完成配置的。默认使用tomcat。我们可以通过starter-web的依赖窥见。
一、EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {
/**
* Nested configuration if Tomcat is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
@Bean
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,
WebAppContext.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedJetty {
@Bean
public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
@Bean
public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
}
}
- 当满足web环境
@ConditionalOnWebApplication的时候，该自动配置类生效，在内部定义了静态内部类EmbeddedTomcat、EmbeddedUndertow、EmbeddedJetty，即SpringBoot默认支持三种嵌入式Servlet容器，分别在满足的时候自动配置。他们三者都是在容器中没有EmbeddedServletContainerFactory的时候才配置，说明最多只会装配一种容器。以Tomcat为例，它往容器中添加了一个Bean（TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory），该类实现了EmbeddedServletContainerFactory，它用于创建Servlet容器EmbeddedServletContainer。EmbeddedServletContainerFactory的作用后面再表。
如果我们想换一种容器，我们简单地排除tomcat依赖，引入其容器依赖即可。例如Jetty。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐tomcat</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!‐‐引入其他的Servlet容器‐‐>
<dependency>
<artifactId>spring‐boot‐starter‐jetty</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</dependency>
public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
/**
* Gets a new fully configured but paused {@link EmbeddedServletContainer} instance.
* Clients should not be able to connect to the returned server until
* {@link EmbeddedServletContainer#start()} is called (which happens when the
* {@link ApplicationContext} has been fully refreshed).
* @param initializers {@link ServletContextInitializer}s that should be applied as
* the container starts
* @return a fully configured and started {@link EmbeddedServletContainer}
* @see EmbeddedServletContainer#stop()
*/
EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration还通过@Import导入了BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar。它往容器中导入了两个Bean：EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor和ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor。
public static class BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar
implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, BeanFactoryAware {
private ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {
if (beanFactory instanceof ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) {
this.beanFactory = (ConfigurableListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
}
}
@Override
public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata importingClassMetadata,
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
if (this.beanFactory == null) {
return;
}
registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry,
"embeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor",
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor.class);
registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(registry,
"errorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor",
ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor.class);
}
private void registerSyntheticBeanIfMissing(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
String name, Class<?> beanClass) {
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(
this.beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(beanClass, true, false))) {
RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(beanClass);
beanDefinition.setSynthetic(true);
registry.registerBeanDefinition(name, beanDefinition);
}
}
}
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor提供了对嵌入式容器自定义配置的功能，对ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer这种类型的Bean进行定制化，而具体的容器工厂类TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory正好就是ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer。- 具体是从容器中获取所有的
EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer，然后一一调用完成定制化。所以如果我们想定制容器，我们可以往容器中放入EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer即可。
public class EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor
implements BeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware {
private ListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
private List<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> customizers;
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
Assert.isInstanceOf(ListableBeanFactory.class, beanFactory,
"EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor can only be used "
+ "with a ListableBeanFactory");
this.beanFactory = (ListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
}
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
customizer.customize(bean);
}
}
private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
if (this.customizers == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
this.beanFactory
.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,
false, false)
.values());
Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
}
return this.customizers;
}
}
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer提供了如下配置项
public interface ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer extends ErrorPageRegistry {
/**
* Sets the context path for the embedded servlet container. The context should start
* with a "/" character but not end with a "/" character. The default context path can
* be specified using an empty string.
* @param contextPath the contextPath to set
*/
void setContextPath(String contextPath);
/**
* Sets the display name of the application deployed in the embedded servlet
* container.
* @param displayName the displayName to set
* @since 1.3.0
*/
void setDisplayName(String displayName);
/**
* Sets the port that the embedded servlet container should listen on. If not
* specified port '8080' will be used. Use port -1 to disable auto-start (i.e start
* the web application context but not have it listen to any port).
* @param port the port to set
*/
void setPort(int port);
/**
* The session timeout in seconds (default 30 minutes). If 0 or negative then sessions
* never expire.
* @param sessionTimeout the session timeout
*/
void setSessionTimeout(int sessionTimeout);
/**
* The session timeout in the specified {@link TimeUnit} (default 30 minutes). If 0 or
* negative then sessions never expire.
* @param sessionTimeout the session timeout
* @param timeUnit the time unit
*/
void setSessionTimeout(int sessionTimeout, TimeUnit timeUnit);
/**
* Sets if session data should be persisted between restarts.
* @param persistSession {@code true} if session data should be persisted
*/
void setPersistSession(boolean persistSession);
/**
* Set the directory used to store serialized session data.
* @param sessionStoreDir the directory or {@code null} to use a default location.
*/
void setSessionStoreDir(File sessionStoreDir);
/**
* Sets the specific network address that the server should bind to.
* @param address the address to set (defaults to {@code null})
*/
void setAddress(InetAddress address);
/**
* Set if the DefaultServlet should be registered. Defaults to {@code true} so that
* files from the {@link #setDocumentRoot(File) document root} will be served.
* @param registerDefaultServlet if the default servlet should be registered
*/
void setRegisterDefaultServlet(boolean registerDefaultServlet);
/**
* Sets the error pages that will be used when handling exceptions.
* @param errorPages the error pages
*/
void setErrorPages(Set<? extends ErrorPage> errorPages);
/**
* Sets the mime-type mappings.
* @param mimeMappings the mime type mappings (defaults to
* {@link MimeMappings#DEFAULT})
*/
void setMimeMappings(MimeMappings mimeMappings);
/**
* Sets the document root directory which will be used by the web context to serve
* static files.
* @param documentRoot the document root or {@code null} if not required
*/
void setDocumentRoot(File documentRoot);
/**
* Sets {@link ServletContextInitializer} that should be applied in addition to
* {@link EmbeddedServletContainerFactory#getEmbeddedServletContainer(ServletContextInitializer...)}
* parameters. This method will replace any previously set or added initializers.
* @param initializers the initializers to set
* @see #addInitializers
*/
void setInitializers(List<? extends ServletContextInitializer> initializers);
/**
* Add {@link ServletContextInitializer}s to those that should be applied in addition
* to
* {@link EmbeddedServletContainerFactory#getEmbeddedServletContainer(ServletContextInitializer...)}
* parameters.
* @param initializers the initializers to add
* @see #setInitializers
*/
void addInitializers(ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
/**
* Sets the SSL configuration that will be applied to the container's default
* connector.
* @param ssl the SSL configuration
*/
void setSsl(Ssl ssl);
/**
* Sets a provider that will be used to obtain SSL stores.
* @param sslStoreProvider the SSL store provider
*/
void setSslStoreProvider(SslStoreProvider sslStoreProvider);
/**
* Sets the configuration that will be applied to the container's JSP servlet.
* @param jspServlet the JSP servlet configuration
*/
void setJspServlet(JspServlet jspServlet);
/**
* Sets the compression configuration that will be applied to the container's default
* connector.
* @param compression the compression configuration
*/
void setCompression(Compression compression);
/**
* Sets the server header value.
* @param serverHeader the server header value
*/
void setServerHeader(String serverHeader);
/**
* Sets the Locale to Charset mappings.
* @param localeCharsetMappings the Locale to Charset mappings
*/
void setLocaleCharsetMappings(Map<Locale, Charset> localeCharsetMappings);
}
ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor提供错误页面配置的功能，针对ErrorPageRegistry，从容器中获取所有的ErrorPageRegistrar，然后一一调用registerErrorPages。所以如果我们想注册error page，我们可以往容器中放入ErrorPageRegistrar即可。
public class ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor
implements BeanPostProcessor, BeanFactoryAware {
private ListableBeanFactory beanFactory;
private List<ErrorPageRegistrar> registrars;
@Override
public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) {
Assert.isInstanceOf(ListableBeanFactory.class, beanFactory,
"ErrorPageRegistrarBeanPostProcessor can only be used "
+ "with a ListableBeanFactory");
this.beanFactory = (ListableBeanFactory) beanFactory;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
if (bean instanceof ErrorPageRegistry) {
postProcessBeforeInitialization((ErrorPageRegistry) bean);
}
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
return bean;
}
private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(ErrorPageRegistry registry) {
for (ErrorPageRegistrar registrar : getRegistrars()) {
registrar.registerErrorPages(registry);
}
}
private Collection<ErrorPageRegistrar> getRegistrars() {
if (this.registrars == null) {
// Look up does not include the parent context
this.registrars = new ArrayList<ErrorPageRegistrar>(this.beanFactory
.getBeansOfType(ErrorPageRegistrar.class, false, false).values());
Collections.sort(this.registrars, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
this.registrars = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.registrars);
}
return this.registrars;
}
}
至此自动配置就完成了
二、容器是如何启动的
我们知道内嵌Servlet容器的情况下，我们启动SpringBoot的方式一般是SpringApplication.run()方法，它使用的容器默认是AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext这种类型，它继承自EmbeddedWebApplicationContext，这个类中的两个钩子方法完成容器的启动。
- createEmbeddedServletContainer
@Override
protected void onRefresh() {
super.onRefresh();
try {
createEmbeddedServletContainer();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Unable to start embedded container",
ex);
}
}
@Override
protected void finishRefresh() {
super.finishRefresh();
EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = startEmbeddedServletContainer();
if (localContainer != null) {
publishEvent(
new EmbeddedServletContainerInitializedEvent(this, localContainer));
}
}
private void createEmbeddedServletContainer() {
EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer;
ServletContext localServletContext = getServletContext();
if (localContainer == null && localServletContext == null) {
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory
.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());
}
else if (localServletContext != null) {
try {
getSelfInitializer().onStartup(localServletContext);
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Cannot initialize servlet context",
ex);
}
}
initPropertySources();
}
protected EmbeddedServletContainerFactory getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
// Use bean names so that we don't consider the hierarchy
String[] beanNames = getBeanFactory()
.getBeanNamesForType(EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class);
if (beanNames.length == 0) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Unable to start EmbeddedWebApplicationContext due to missing "
+ "EmbeddedServletContainerFactory bean.");
}
if (beanNames.length > 1) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Unable to start EmbeddedWebApplicationContext due to multiple "
+ "EmbeddedServletContainerFactory beans : "
+ StringUtils.arrayToCommaDelimitedString(beanNames));
}
return getBeanFactory().getBean(beanNames[0],
EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class);
}
private ServletContextInitializer getSelfInitializer() {
return new ServletContextInitializer() {
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
selfInitialize(servletContext);
}
};
}
private void selfInitialize(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
prepareEmbeddedWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
ExistingWebApplicationScopes existingScopes = new ExistingWebApplicationScopes(
beanFactory);
WebApplicationContextUtils.registerWebApplicationScopes(beanFactory,
getServletContext());
existingScopes.restore();
WebApplicationContextUtils.registerEnvironmentBeans(beanFactory,
getServletContext());
for (ServletContextInitializer beans : getServletContextInitializerBeans()) {
beans.onStartup(servletContext);
}
}
getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory方法从容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory，也即是自动配置的，确保只有一个。containerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer方法完成Servlet容器的创建。
@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory
: createTempDir("tomcat"));
tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
customizeConnector(connector);
tomcat.setConnector(connector);
tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
}
prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}
protected TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(
Tomcat tomcat) {
return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat, getPort() >= 0);
}
public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {
Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
this.tomcat = tomcat;
this.autoStart = autoStart;
initialize();
}
private void initialize() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException {
TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.logger
.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));
synchronized (this.monitor) {
try {
addInstanceIdToEngineName();
try {
// Remove service connectors to that protocol binding doesn't happen
// yet
removeServiceConnectors();
// Start the server to trigger initialization listeners
this.tomcat.start();
// We can re-throw failure exception directly in the main thread
rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
Context context = findContext();
try {
ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, getNamingToken(context),
getClass().getClassLoader());
}
catch (NamingException ex) {
// Naming is not enabled. Continue
}
// Unlike Jetty, all Tomcat threads are daemon threads. We create a
// blocking non-daemon to stop immediate shutdown
startDaemonAwaitThread();
}
catch (Exception ex) {
containerCounter.decrementAndGet();
throw ex;
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new EmbeddedServletContainerException(
"Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);
}
}
}
this.tomcat.start();这句话就启动了Servlet容器。
- startEmbeddedServletContainer
private EmbeddedServletContainer startEmbeddedServletContainer() {
EmbeddedServletContainer localContainer = this.embeddedServletContainer;
if (localContainer != null) {
localContainer.start();
}
return localContainer;
}
容器启动后其start方法做一些额外的事情
@Override
public void start() throws EmbeddedServletContainerException {
synchronized (this.monitor) {
if (this.started) {
return;
}
try {
addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors();
Connector connector = this.tomcat.getConnector();
if (connector != null && this.autoStart) {
startConnector(connector);
}
checkThatConnectorsHaveStarted();
this.started = true;
TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer.logger
.info("Tomcat started on port(s): " + getPortsDescription(true));
}
catch (ConnectorStartFailedException ex) {
stopSilently();
throw ex;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new EmbeddedServletContainerException(
"Unable to start embedded Tomcat servlet container", ex);
}
finally {
Context context = findContext();
ContextBindings.unbindClassLoader(context, getNamingToken(context),
getClass().getClassLoader());
}
}
}
三、ServerProperties配置是如何起作用的
我们知道我们可以配置ServerProperties中的配置项来改变servlet容器的配置，那么它是如何起作用的呢？
首先ServerProperties标注了@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)，所以它可以完成属性的自动映射。
其次它还实现了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer，就可以对容器进行配置。
所以，如果我们也往容器中放入EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer而配置项相同，则order顺序在前的配置项会失效。
当然ServerProperties是由ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration自动配置的。
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
public class ServerPropertiesAutoConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public ServerProperties serverProperties() {
return new ServerProperties();
}
四、总结
EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration完成EmbeddedServletContainerFactory的自动配置，默认支持三种容器Tomcat、Jetty、Undertown，在满足相应条件的时候自动装配一种容器。我们可以通过ServerProperties定义的配置项来修改容器的配置，也可以往容器中添加EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer来配置容器。
