报错内容
17-May-2022 17:36:34.786 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal 正在启动 Servlet 引擎：[Apache Tomcat/8.5.78]
17-May-2022 17:36:34.811 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory 把web 应用程序部署到目录 [/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/webapps/project]
17-May-2022 17:36:35.019 严重 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal ContainerBase.addChild: start:
org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: 无法启动组件[StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/project]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:440)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:198)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:753)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:727)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:695)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1177)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1925)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 找到多个名为spring_web的片段。这是不合法的相对排序。有关详细信息，请参阅Servlet规范的第8.2.2 2c节。考虑使用绝对排序。
at org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.WebXml.orderWebFragments(WebXml.java:2206)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.WebXml.orderWebFragments(WebXml.java:2164)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1084)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:779)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:299)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5130)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
... 10 more
17-May-2022 17:36:35.020 严重 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory 无法部署应用目录 [/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/webapps/project]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: 启动子级时出错
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:757)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:727)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:695)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory(HostConfig.java:1177)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployDirectory.run(HostConfig.java:1925)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: 无法启动组件[StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/project]]
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:440)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:198)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:753)
... 9 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 找到多个名为spring_web的片段。这是不合法的相对排序。有关详细信息，请参阅Servlet规范的第8.2.2 2c节。考虑使用绝对排序。
at org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.WebXml.orderWebFragments(WebXml.java:2206)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.WebXml.orderWebFragments(WebXml.java:2164)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1084)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:779)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:299)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5130)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
... 10 more
17-May-2022 17:36:35.028 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Web应用程序目录[/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/webapps/project]的部署已在[209]毫秒内完成
17-May-2022 17:36:35.028 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory 把web 应用程序部署到目录 [/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/webapps/docs]
17-May-2022 17:36:35.165 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Web应用程序目录[/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/webapps/docs]的部署已在[137]毫秒内完成
17-May-2022 17:36:35.165 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory 把web 应用程序部署到目录 [/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/webapps/manager]
17-May-2022 17:36:35.186 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Web应用程序目录[/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/webapps/manager]的部署已在[21]毫秒内完成
17-May-2022 17:36:35.186 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory 把web 应用程序部署到目录 [/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.78/webapps/examples]
重点：Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: 找到多个名为spring_web的片段。这是不合法的相对排序。有关详细信息，请参阅Servlet规范的第8.2.2 2c节。考虑使用绝对排序。
环境版本
17-May-2022 17:36:34.096 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server.服务器版本: Apache Tomcat/8.5.78
17-May-2022 17:36:34.143 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log 服务器构建: Mar 31 2022 16:05:28 UTC
17-May-2022 17:36:34.143 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log 服务器版本号: 8.5.78.0
17-May-2022 17:36:34.143 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log 操作系统名称: Mac OS X
17-May-2022 17:36:34.143 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS.版本: 10.16
17-May-2022 17:36:34.143 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log 架构: x86_64
17-May-2022 17:36:34.144 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java 环境变量: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_261.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
17-May-2022 17:36:34.144 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java虚拟机版本: 1.8.0_261-b12
17-May-2022 17:36:34.144 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM.供应商: Oracle Corporation
问题解决
Servelet 规范文档
在项目的
WEB-INF目录下找到web.xml文件 添加absolute-ordering标签重启Tomcat 即可解决问题
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="schedule-console" version="3.0">
<!-- 此处添加 absolute-ordering 标签 -->
<absolute-ordering/>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ShowPicServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>pic.ShowPicServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ShowPicServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ShowPicServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
