1、什么是webSocket?
WebSocket是一种在单个TCP连接上进行全双工通信的协议。WebSocket使得客户端和服务器之间的数据交换变得更加简单,允许服务端主动向客户端推送数据 。在WebSocket API中,浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就直接可以创建持久性的连接,并进行双向数据传输 。
2、webSocket可以用来做什么?
利用双向数据传输的特点可以用来完成很多功能,不需要前端轮询,浪费资源。例如:
1、通告功能 2、聊天功能 (如下是逻辑图)
3、实时更新数据功能 4、弹幕 等等。。。。。。
3、webSocket协议
本协议有两部分:握手和数据传输。 握手是基于http协议的。
来自客户端的握手看起来像如下形式:
GET ws://localhost/chat HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Key:dGhlIHNhbXBsZSBub25jZQ==
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat,superchat
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
来自服务器的握手看起来像如下形式:
HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
Upgrade: websocket
Connection: Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept:s3pPLMBiTxaQ9kYGzzhZRbK+xOo=
Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: chat
4、服务端
maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>
WebSocket配置类
mport org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;
@Configuration
public class WebSocketConfig {
@Bean
public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() {
return new ServerEndpointExporter();
}
}
WebSocket操作类
通过该类WebSocket可以进行群推送以及单点推送
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
import javax.websocket.OnClose;
import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
import javax.websocket.Session;
import javax.websocket.server.PathParam;
import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Component
@Slf4j
@ServerEndpoint("/websocket/{userId}")
public class WebSocket {
private Session session;
private static CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebSocket> webSockets =new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>();
private static Map<String,Session> sessionPool = new HashMap<String,Session>();
@OnOpen
public void onOpen(Session session, @PathParam(value="userId")String userId) {
try {
this.session = session;
webSockets.add(this);
sessionPool.put(userId, session);
log.info("【websocket消息】有新的连接,总数为:"+webSockets.size());
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
@OnClose
public void onClose() {
try {
webSockets.remove(this);
log.info("【websocket消息】连接断开,总数为:"+webSockets.size());
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
@OnMessage
public void onMessage(String message) {
log.info("【websocket消息】收到客户端消息:"+message);
}
@OnError
public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) {
log.error("用户错误:"+this.userId+",原因:"+error.getMessage());
error.printStackTrace();
}
public void sendAllMessage(String message) {
log.info("【websocket消息】广播消息:"+message);
for(WebSocket webSocket : webSockets) {
try {
if(webSocket.session.isOpen()) {
webSocket.session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void sendOneMessage(String userId, String message) {
Session session = sessionPool.get(userId);
if (session != null&&session.isOpen()) {
try {
log.info("【websocket消息】 单点消息:"+message);
session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void sendMoreMessage(String[] userIds, String message) {
for(String userId:userIds) {
Session session = sessionPool.get(userId);
if (session != null&&session.isOpen()) {
try {
log.info("【websocket消息】 单点消息:"+message);
session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
方法调用示例
注入我们的操作类
@Resource
private WebSocket webSocket;
发送消息给前端
JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
obj.put("cmd", "topic");
obj.put("msgId", sysAnnouncement.getId());
obj.put("msgTxt", sysAnnouncement.getTitile());
webSocket.sendAllMessage(obj.toJSONString());
webSocket.sendOneMessage(userId, obj.toJSONString());
webSocket.sendMoreMessage(userIds, obj.toJSONString());
5、客户端
前端中VUE使用WebSocket
<script>
import store from '@/store/'
export default {
data() {
return {
}
},
mounted() {
this.initWebSocket()
},
destroyed: function () {
this.websocketclose();
},
methods: {
initWebSocket: function () {
var userId = store.getters.userInfo.id;
var url = window._CONFIG['domianURL'].replace("https://","ws://").replace("http://","ws://")+"/websocket/"+userId;
this.websock = new WebSocket(url);
this.websock.onopen = this.websocketonopen;
this.websock.send = this.websocketsend;
this.websock.onerror = this.websocketonerror;
this.websock.onmessage = this.websocketonmessage;
this.websock.onclose = this.websocketclose;
},
websocketonopen: function () {
console.log("WebSocket连接成功");
},
websocketonerror: function (e) {
console.log("WebSocket连接发生错误");
},
websocketsend: function (e) {
console.log("WebSocket连接发生错误");
},
websocketonmessage: function (e) {
var data = eval("(" + e.data + ")");
if(data.cmd == "topic"){
}else if(data.cmd == "user"){
}
},
websocketclose: function (e) {
console.log("connection closed (" + e.code + ")");
}
}
}
</script>
接口调用顺序,进来页面 : 先建立连接–》调用websocketonopen方法,链接成功调用的方法 websocketonmessage方法为接收后端时处理。 当我们要发送消息给后端时调用websocketsend。 当我们要关闭连接时调用websocketclose。 当发现错误时调用websocketonerror。
浏览器查看日志: 朝上的绿色箭头是发出去的消息 朝下的红色箭头是收到的消息
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