[Java知识库] 1小时学会通过Java Swing Design设计java图形化

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[Java知识库]1小时学会通过Java Swing Design设计java图形化

环境与工具：

系统环境：win10

开发工具：Eclipse IDE for Java Developers - 2020-09

数据库：MySQL5.6

学习目标：

一般大一结束的时候需要做一个类似一下内容的javaswing项目，故而咱们的学习目标如下：

其中设计到的控件：文本框、输入框、按钮、表格，数据库是JDBC绑定数据集<List>类型就行。

环境与工具：

学习目标：

1、项目创建

2、绝对位置布局Absolute layout

1、项目创建

使用eclipse直接创建一个java的空项目即可，唯一要注意的就是创建【java】的时候不是点击【class】而是创建【JFrame】，通过【JFrame】才能使用设计工具【Design】。

这里点【other】因为【JFrame】在这个选项栏中。

2、绝对位置布局Absolute layout

使用这个方式方便拖拽，很方便：

3、工具栏简述：

4、常用控件简述

1、顶层容器：JFrame(窗体)，JDialog(对话窗)

2、中间容器：JPanel(面板)，（滚动面板）JScrollPane，（分割面板）JSplitPane，（工具栏）JToolBar

3、菜单栏：JMenuBar

4、基本组件：

英文名	对照中文
JLabel	标签
JButton	按钮
JTextArea	文本区
JTextField	文本框
JRadioButton	单选按钮
JCheckBox	复选框
JPasswordField	密码框
JComboBox	下拉列表框
JList	列表
JTable	表格

画的有些乱，但是基本上一眼就能看出来是啥：?

表格JTable：

JPanel设置上下布局，JScrollPane设置，这样才能显示table的标题列

添加一些测试数据：

效果：

5、JDBC

需要数据库jar包

mysql-connector-java-5.1.7bin.jar

下载链接：https://download.csdn.net/download/feng8403000/85610502

MySQL

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `users`;
CREATE TABLE `users`  (
  `id` int(8) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `createDate` datetime(0) NOT NULL,
  `userName` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `sex` varchar(2) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  `introduce` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of users
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (1, '2022-06-11 12:55:02', '王语嫣', '女', '琅嬛福地，神仙姐姐。');
INSERT INTO `users` VALUES (2, '2022-06-11 12:56:05', '小龙女', '女', '冰山美人');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

JDCB_Demo

package com.item.jdbc;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * 数据库工厂
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class FactoryDB {
	/**
	 * 驱动位置
	 */
	private static final String driver ="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
	/**
	 * 数据库链接路径·必背
	 */
	private static final String url ="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mytest?characterEncoding=utf-8";
	/**
	 * 数据库账号
	 */
	private static final String user ="root";
	/**
	 * 数据库密码
	 */
	private static final String pwd ="12345678";
	/**
	 * 静态块引入数据库驱动·解决包位置问题
	 */
	static {
		try {
			Class.forName(driver);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 数据库链接
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Connection getConn() {
		Connection conn = null;
		try {
			conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,pwd);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return conn;
	}
	/**
	 * 关闭数据库连接
	 * @param conn
	 * @param pr
	 * @param re
	 */
	public static void close(Connection conn,PreparedStatement pr, ResultSet re) {
		try {
			if (re!=null) {
				re.close();
			} 
			if(pr!=null){
				pr.close();
			}
			if(conn!=null){
				conn.close();
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

封装模型：

package com.item.model;

import java.util.Date;

public class Users {
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Users [id=" + id + ", creaetDate=" + creaetDate + ", userName=" + userName + ", sex=" + sex
				+ ", introduce=" + introduce + "]";
	}
	private int id;
	private Date creaetDate;
	private String userName;
	private String sex;
	private String introduce;
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public Date getCreaetDate() {
		return creaetDate;
	}
	public void setCreaetDate(Date creaetDate) {
		this.creaetDate = creaetDate;
	}
	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}
	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public String getIntroduce() {
		return introduce;
	}
	public void setIntroduce(String introduce) {
		this.introduce = introduce;
	}
	

}

DAO层数据：

package com.item.dao;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.item.jdbc.FactoryDB;
import com.item.model.Users;

public class UsersDAO {
	/**
	 * 查询所有
	 * @return
	 */
	public static ArrayList<Users> GetInfo(String userName){
		Connection conn = FactoryDB.getConn();
		String sql=null;
		if(userName==null) {
			sql="select * from users";
		}else {
			sql="select * from users where userName like '%"+userName+"%'";
		}
		ArrayList<Users> list = new ArrayList<Users>();
		try {
			PreparedStatement pr = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			ResultSet re = pr.executeQuery();
			while (re.next()) {
				Users u = new Users();
				u.setId(re.getInt(1));
				u.setCreaetDate(re.getDate(2));
				u.setUserName(re.getString(3));
				u.setSex(re.getString(4));
				u.setIntroduce(re.getString(5));
				list.add(u);
			}
			FactoryDB.close(conn, pr, re);
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return list;
	}
	/**
	 * 添加
	 * @param userName
	 * @param sex
	 * @param introduce
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean AddInfo(String userName,String sex,String introduce) {
		Connection conn = FactoryDB.getConn();
		String sql=String.format("insert into users values(0,now(),'%s','%s','%s')", userName,sex,introduce);
		try {
			PreparedStatement pr = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			int rows = pr.executeUpdate();
			FactoryDB.close(conn, pr, null);
			return rows>0;
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	/**
	 * 修改
	 * @param id
	 * @param introduce
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean UpdateById(int id,String introduce) {
		Connection conn = FactoryDB.getConn();
		String sql=String.format("update users set introduce='%s' where id=%d", introduce,id);
		try {
			PreparedStatement pr = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			int rows = pr.executeUpdate();
			FactoryDB.close(conn, pr, null);
			return rows>0;
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
	/**
	 * 删除
	 * @param id
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean DeleteById(int id) {
		Connection conn = FactoryDB.getConn();
		String sql=String.format("delete from users where id=%d", id);
		try {
			PreparedStatement pr = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
			int rows = pr.executeUpdate();
			FactoryDB.close(conn, pr, null);
			return rows>0;
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return false;
	}
}

UI层添加数据：

JTable需要绑定一下俩数据：

//添加标题
Vector vTitle  = new Vector();
//添加数据
Vector vdate = new Vector();
//绑定到控件
table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(vdate,vTitle));

package com.item.ui;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Vector;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JTable;
import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel;

import com.item.dao.UsersDAO;
import com.item.model.Users;


import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class utest extends JFrame {

	/**
	 * 序列
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	private JPanel contentPane;
	private JTextField userName;
	private JTable table;

	/**
	 * Launch the application.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					utest frame = new utest();
					frame.setVisible(true);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Create the frame.
	 */
	public utest() {
		setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		setBounds(100, 100, 667, 598);
		contentPane = new JPanel();
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
		contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout(0, 0));
		setContentPane(contentPane);
		
		JPanel panel = new JPanel();
		contentPane.add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
		//添加按钮
		JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("\u6DFB\u52A0");
		btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				AddUsers users = new AddUsers();
				users.setVisible(true);
			}
		});
		panel.add(btnNewButton);
		
		userName = new JTextField();
		panel.add(userName);
		userName.setColumns(20);
		//查询按钮
		JButton btnNewButton_2 = new JButton("\u67E5\u8BE2");
		btnNewButton_2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				bind(userName.getText());
			}
		});
		panel.add(btnNewButton_2);
		
		JPanel panel_1 = new JPanel();
		contentPane.add(panel_1, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		//删除
		JButton btnNewButton_1 = new JButton("\u9009\u4E2D\u884C\u70B9\u8FD9\u91CC\u5220\u9664");
		btnNewButton_1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				int i = table.getSelectedRow();
				if (i==-1) {
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"请选择删除的行");
					return ;
				}
				String id  = table.getValueAt(i, 0).toString();
				boolean isf = UsersDAO.DeleteById(Integer.parseInt(id));
				if (isf) {
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "删除成功！！！");
				} else {
					JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "删除失败！！！");
				}
				bind(null);
			}
		});
		panel_1.add(btnNewButton_1);
		//刷新按钮
		JButton btnNewButton_3 = new JButton("\u6570\u636E\u5237\u65B0");
		btnNewButton_3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				bind(null);
			}
		});
		panel_1.add(btnNewButton_3);
		
		JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane();
		contentPane.add(scrollPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);
		table = new JTable();
		scrollPane.setViewportView(table);
		bind(null);
	}
	//加载数据
	public void bind(String userName) {
		//添加标题
		Vector<String> vTitle  = new Vector<String>();
		vTitle.add("编号");
		vTitle.add("创建时间");
		vTitle.add("用户名");
		vTitle.add("性别");
		vTitle.add("简介");
		//添加数据
		Vector vdate = new Vector<Users>();
		ArrayList<Users> list = UsersDAO.GetInfo(userName);
		for (Users u : list) {
			Vector v = new Vector();
			v.add(u.getId());
			v.add(u.getCreaetDate());
			v.add(u.getUserName());
			v.add(u.getSex());
			v.add(u.getIntroduce());
			vdate.add(v);
		}
		table.setModel(new DefaultTableModel(vdate,vTitle));
	}

}

效果：

添加：如果有单选按钮得分组

为了方便操作，别忘改一个控件的名称：?

双击添加按钮：

添加编码：

package com.item.ui;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

import com.item.dao.UsersDAO;

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.SwingConstants;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class AddUsers extends JFrame {

	private JPanel contentPane;
	private JTextField userName;
	private final ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
	public utest utest;
	/**
	 * Launch the application.
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					AddUsers frame = new AddUsers();
					frame.setVisible(true);
				} catch (Exception e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Create the frame.
	 */
	public AddUsers() {
		setBounds(100, 100, 589, 457);
		contentPane = new JPanel();
		contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
		setContentPane(contentPane);
		contentPane.setLayout(null);

		JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("\u7528\u6237\u540D");
		lblNewLabel.setBounds(100, 88, 76, 29);
		contentPane.add(lblNewLabel);

		JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("\u7B80\u4ECB");
		lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(100, 209, 54, 15);
		contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_1);

		JRadioButton sex1 = new JRadioButton("\u7537");
		buttonGroup.add(sex1);
		sex1.setSelected(true);
		sex1.setBounds(200, 141, 121, 23);
		contentPane.add(sex1);

		JLabel lblNewLabel_2 = new JLabel("\u6027\u522B");
		lblNewLabel_2.setBounds(100, 145, 54, 15);
		contentPane.add(lblNewLabel_2);

		JRadioButton sex2 = new JRadioButton("\u5973");
		buttonGroup.add(sex2);
		sex2.setBounds(357, 141, 121, 23);
		contentPane.add(sex2);

		userName = new JTextField();
		userName.setBounds(160, 92, 278, 21);
		contentPane.add(userName);
		userName.setColumns(10);

		JTextArea introduce = new JTextArea();
		introduce.setBounds(164, 204, 291, 117);
		contentPane.add(introduce);

		JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("\u6DFB\u52A0");
		btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
				String name = userName.getText();
				boolean isf = sex1.isSelected();
				String sex=isf?"男":"女";
				String intro = introduce.getText();
				boolean addInfo = UsersDAO.AddInfo(name, sex, intro);
				JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, addInfo?"添加成功！！！":"添加失败！！！");
			}
		});
		btnNewButton.setBounds(231, 357, 93, 23);
		contentPane.add(btnNewButton);
	}

}

增删查演示完毕。

修改就是删除的获取数据跟添加组合在一起就行了。