举个栗子🌰
在后端管理系统的开发中,经常有需要导出当前表格数据的功能 ,有些前端表格组件可以直接做到,但是不够灵活。因为前端拿到的数据始终是经过处理的,如果想拿到原版数据,必须后端处理。如下图:
除了使用Apache POI包,还有没有其他的选择?当然有! 这里我给大家推荐一款非常简单且容易上手的开源组件:Alibaba EasyExcel
组件介绍🍰
首先放出官网地址,欢迎大家star(目前已经24K): https://alibaba-easyexcel.github.io/docs/current/
EasyExcel是一个基于Java的简单、省内存的读写Excel的开源项目。在尽可能节约内存的情况下支持读写百M的Excel。
64M内存20秒读取75M(46W行25列)的Excel(3.0.2+版本)
Alibaba EasyExcel的核心类是EasyExcel 类
@Test
public void simpleRead() {
String fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "demo" + File.separator + "demo.xlsx";
EasyExcel.read(fileName, DemoData.class, new DemoDataListener()).sheet().doRead();
}
@Test
public void simpleWrite() {
String fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "write" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";
EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());
}
尝试一下🍓
1、配置文件
SpringBoot项目pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.7.1</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<groupId>com.example</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringBoot-easyexcel</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>SpringBoot-easyexcel</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
<version>3.1.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2、项目代码
项目结构
ExportController.java
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.controller;
import com.alibaba.excel.EasyExcel;
import com.alibaba.excel.ExcelWriter;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.WriteSheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.data.Mock;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.CitySheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.CompanySheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.UserSheet;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/export")
public class ExportController {
@RequestMapping("/test1")
public void test1(HttpServletResponse response) {
try {
response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("用户信息表", "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");
EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), UserSheet.class).inMemory(true).sheet("用户信息表").doWrite(Mock.userList());
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("数据或文件损坏,无法下载");
}
}
@RequestMapping("/test2")
public void test2(HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("信息表", "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");
try (ExcelWriter excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream()).inMemory(true).build()) {
WriteSheet userInfoSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet(0, "用户信息表").head(UserSheet.class).build();
excelWriter.write(Mock.userList(), userInfoSheet);
WriteSheet cityInfoSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet(1, "城市信息表").head(CitySheet.class).build();
excelWriter.write(Mock.cityList(), cityInfoSheet);
WriteSheet companyInfoSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet(2, "公司信息表").head(CompanySheet.class).build();
excelWriter.write(Mock.companyList(), companyInfoSheet);
}
}
}
Mock.java
以下数据均来自于网络,如有侵权,请联系删除
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.data;
import com.alibaba.excel.enums.CellDataTypeEnum;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.data.RichTextStringData;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.data.WriteCellData;
import com.alibaba.excel.write.metadata.style.WriteFont;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.CitySheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.CompanySheet;
import com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet.UserSheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.IndexedColors;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.List;
public class Mock {
public static List<UserSheet> userList() {
List<UserSheet> list = new ArrayList<>(10);
list.add(UserSheet.builder().userId(001L).userName("张三").userPhone("11112223123").userEmail("zhansan@163.com").userAddress("北京朝阳区").gender(buildCellData("男")).registerTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
list.add(UserSheet.builder().userId(002L).userName("李四").userPhone("11112223123").userEmail("lisi@qq.com").userAddress("南京玄武门").gender(buildCellData("女")).registerTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
list.add(UserSheet.builder().userId(003L).userName("王五").userPhone("11112223123").userEmail("wangwu@google.com").userAddress("杭州未来科技城").gender(buildCellData("男")).registerTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
list.add(UserSheet.builder().userId(004L).userName("赵六").userPhone("11112223123").userEmail("zhaoliu@baidu.com").userAddress("上海徐家汇").gender(buildCellData("女")).registerTime(Calendar.getInstance().getTime()).build());
return list;
}
private static WriteCellData<String> buildCellData(String gender) {
WriteCellData<String> cellData = new WriteCellData<>();
cellData.setType(CellDataTypeEnum.RICH_TEXT_STRING);
RichTextStringData richTextStringData = new RichTextStringData();
cellData.setRichTextStringDataValue(richTextStringData);
richTextStringData.setTextString(gender);
WriteFont writeFont = new WriteFont();
if ("男".equalsIgnoreCase(gender)) {
writeFont.setColor(IndexedColors.RED.getIndex());
} else if ("女".equalsIgnoreCase(gender)) {
writeFont.setColor(IndexedColors.GREEN.getIndex());
}
richTextStringData.applyFont(writeFont);
return cellData;
}
public static List<CitySheet> cityList() {
List<CitySheet> list = new ArrayList<>(10);
list.add(CitySheet.builder().cityName("杭州市").cityDesc("杭州市一般指杭州。 杭州,简称“杭”,古称临安、钱塘,浙江省辖地级市、省会、副省级市、特大城市、国务院批复确定的浙江省经济、文化、科教中心,长江三角洲中心城市之一,环杭州湾大湾区核心城市、G60科创走廊中心城市。").build());
list.add(CitySheet.builder().cityName("合肥市").cityDesc("合肥市一般指合肥。 合肥,简称“庐”或“合”,古称庐州、庐阳、合淝,安徽省辖地级市、省会,是合肥都市圈中心城市,国务院批复确定的中国长三角城市群副中心城市,全国四大科教基地、现代制造业基地和综合交通枢纽。").build());
list.add(CitySheet.builder().cityName("武汉市").cityDesc("武汉市一般指武汉。 武汉,简称“汉”,别称江城,是湖北省省会,中部六省唯一的副省级市,超大城市,中国中部地区的中心城市,全国重要的工业基地、科教基地和综合交通枢纽,联勤保障部队机关驻地。").build());
list.add(CitySheet.builder().cityName("深圳市").cityDesc("深圳市一般指深圳。 深圳,简称“深”,别称鹏城,广东省辖地级市,是广东省副省级市,国家计划单列市,超大城市,国务院批复确定的中国经济特区、全国性经济中心城市、国际化城市、科技创新中心、区域金融中心、商贸物流中心。").build());
return list;
}
public static List<CompanySheet> companyList() {
List<CompanySheet> list = new ArrayList<>(10);
list.add(CompanySheet.builder().companyName("阿里巴巴").companyBoss("马云").companyBase("杭州市").companyDesc("阿里巴巴集团经营多项业务,另外也从关联公司的业务和服务中取得经营商业生态系统上的支援。业务和关联公司的业务包括:淘宝网、天猫、聚划算、全球速卖通、阿里巴巴国际交易市场、1688、阿里妈妈、阿里云、蚂蚁集团 [408] 、菜鸟网络等。").build());
list.add(CompanySheet.builder().companyName("字节跳动").companyBoss("张一鸣").companyBase("北京市").companyDesc("字节跳动的全球化布局始于2015年 [3] ,“技术出海”是字节跳动全球化发展的核心战略 [4] ,其旗下产品有今日头条、西瓜视频、抖音、头条百科、皮皮虾、懂车帝、悟空问答等。").build());
list.add(CompanySheet.builder().companyName("腾讯").companyBoss("马化腾").companyBase("深圳市").companyDesc("社交和通信服务QQ及微信/WeChat、社交网络平台QQ空间、腾讯游戏旗下QQ游戏平台、门户网站腾讯网、腾讯新闻客户端和网络视频服务腾讯视频等。").build());
list.add(CompanySheet.builder().companyName("百度").companyBoss("李彦宏").companyBase("北京市").companyDesc("百度(Baidu)是拥有强大互联网基础的领先AI公司。百度愿景是:成为最懂用户,并能帮助人们成长的全球顶级高科技公司。").build());
return list;
}
}
CitySheet.java
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@Builder
public class CitySheet {
@ExcelProperty(value = "城市名称", index = 0)
@ColumnWidth(10)
private String cityName;
@ExcelProperty(value = "城市介绍", index = 1)
@ColumnWidth(60)
private String cityDesc;
}
CompanySheet.java
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@Builder
public class CompanySheet {
@ExcelProperty(value = "公司名称", index = 0)
@ColumnWidth(10)
private String companyName;
@ExcelProperty(value = "公司创始人", index = 1)
@ColumnWidth(10)
private String companyBoss;
@ExcelProperty(value = "公司总基地", index = 2)
@ColumnWidth(10)
private String companyBase;
@ExcelProperty(value = "公司简介", index = 3)
@ColumnWidth(50)
private String companyDesc;
}
UserSheet.java
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel.sheet;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelIgnore;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.ExcelProperty;
import com.alibaba.excel.annotation.write.style.ColumnWidth;
import com.alibaba.excel.metadata.data.WriteCellData;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
@Builder
public class UserSheet {
@ExcelProperty(value = "用户ID", index = 0)
@ColumnWidth(10)
private Long userId;
@ExcelProperty(value = "用户名称", index = 1)
@ColumnWidth(10)
private String userName;
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "手机号码"}, index = 2)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private String userPhone;
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "电子邮箱"}, index = 3)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private String userEmail;
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "地址"}, index = 4)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private String userAddress;
@ExcelProperty(value = "注册时间", index = 5)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private Date registerTime;
@ExcelProperty(value = "性别,男:红色/女:绿色")
@ColumnWidth(30)
private WriteCellData<String> gender;
@ExcelIgnore
private Integer age;
}
SpringBootEasyexcelApplication.java
package com.example.springbooteasyexcel;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootEasyexcelApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootEasyexcelApplication.class, args);
}
}
效果展示🍊
单个sheet导出
多个sheet导出
总结一下🍌
1、Alibaba EasyExcel不仅支持写Excel,还支持读Excel和填充Excel,有兴趣的话可以自己去研究,官网地址已经贴在上面了,我这里只做一个引路的。
2、常用注解有三个@ExcelProperty 、@ColumnWidth 、@ExcelIgnore 。 (1)@ExcelProperty 不仅确定表头,还可以合并行,用法如下:
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "手机号码"}, index = 2)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private String userPhone;
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "电子邮箱"}, index = 3)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private String userEmail;
@ExcelProperty(value = {"基本信息", "地址"}, index = 4)
@ColumnWidth(20)
private String userAddress;
效果如下:
(2)@ColumnWidth 主要是控制列宽
(3)@ExcelIgnore 忽略不需要输出的字段 3、写有两种形式 (1)写到文件
@Test
public void simpleWrite() {
String fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "simpleWrite" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";
EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class)
.sheet("模板")
.doWrite(() -> {
return data();
});
fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "simpleWrite" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";
EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());
fileName = TestFileUtil.getPath() + "simpleWrite" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".xlsx";
try (ExcelWriter excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).build()) {
WriteSheet writeSheet = EasyExcel.writerSheet("模板").build();
excelWriter.write(data(), writeSheet);
}
}
(2)写到Web流,这里的ContentType和CharacterEncoding不要乱码,否则很容易乱码或者文件损坏
@GetMapping("download")
public void download(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("测试", "UTF-8").replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");
EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), DownloadData.class).sheet("模板").doWrite(data());
}
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