[Java知识库]Gzip压缩大json对象 SpringBoot+Filter

Gzip压缩大json对象 SpringBoot+Filter

参考：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/D_q17ZAsPW1eOEhUA0dYlw

简单场景

一个保存广告接口，一个很大的json对象进行传输。

存在的问题：

1. 占用网络带宽，而有些云产品就是按照带宽来计费的，间接浪费了钱
2. 传输数据大导致网络传输耗时

解决：

请求广告保存接口时先将Json对象字符串进行GZIP压缩，那请求时传入的就是压缩后的数据，而GZIP的压缩效率是很高的，因此可以大大减小传输数据，而当数据到达广告保存接口前再将传来的数据进行解压缩，还原成JSON对象就完成了整个GZIP压缩数据的请求以及处理流程。

确实可以解决问题，这样做法后缺点：

• 请求变复杂了

• • 接口调用方那边需要对数据进行压缩
  • 接口执行方那边需要对拿到的数据进行解压

• 需要额外占用更多的CPU计算资源

• 可能会影响到原有的其他接口

解决处理

• 对与需要占用而外的CPU计算资源来说，公司的内部系统属于IO密集型应用，因此用一些CPU资源来换取更快的网络传输其实是很划算的
• 使用过滤器在请求数据到达Controller之前对数据进行解压缩处理后重新写回到Body中，避免影响Controller的逻辑，代码零侵入
• 而对于改造接口的同时是否会影响到原来的接口这一点可以通过 HttpHeader 的Content-Encoding=gzip属性来区分是否需要对请求数据进行解压缩

解决具体思路

流程图：

核心代码：

广告参数对象实体类

@Data
public class Advertising {
    private String adName;
    private String adTag;
}

请求controller接口

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/advertising")
@Slf4j
public class AdvertisingController {

    @PostMapping("/save")
    public Advertising saveProject(@RequestBody Advertising advertising) {
        log.info("获取内容" + advertising);
        return advertising;
    }
}

过滤器

@Slf4j
@Component
public class GZIPFilter implements Filter {

    private static final String CONTENT_ENCODING = "Content-Encoding";
    private static final String CONTENT_ENCODING_TYPE = "gzip";

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;

        //获取指定的请求头 Content-Encoding
        String encodeType = httpServletRequest.getHeader(CONTENT_ENCODING);
        if (CONTENT_ENCODING_TYPE.equals(encodeType)) {
            log.info("请求:{} 需要解压", httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
            UnZIPRequestWrapper unZIPRequestWrapper = new UnZIPRequestWrapper(httpServletRequest);
            chain.doFilter(unZIPRequestWrapper, response);
        } else {
            log.info("请求:{} 无需解压", httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
        }
        log.info("耗时：{}ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
    }
}

配置类

@Configuration
public class FilterRegistrationConfig {

    @Resource
    private GZIPFilter gzipFilter;

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean<GZIPFilter> gzipFilterRegistrationBean() {
        FilterRegistrationBean<GZIPFilter> registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
        //Filter可以new，也可以使用依赖注入Bean
        registration.setFilter(gzipFilter);
        //过滤器名称
        registration.setName("gzipFilter");
        //拦截路径
        registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
        //设置顺序
        registration.setOrder(1);
        return registration;
    }
}

自定义一个HttpServletRequestWrapper处理解压缩

JsonString经过压缩后保存为二进制文件 -> 解压缩后还原成JsonString转换成byte[] 写回body中

/**
 * JsonString经过压缩后保存为二进制文件 -> 解压缩后还原成JsonString转换成byte[] 写回body中
 */
@Slf4j
public class UnZIPRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {

    private final byte[] bytes;

    public UnZIPRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        super(request);
        try (BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(request.getInputStream());
             ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
            final byte[] body;
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = bis.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
            }
            body = baos.toByteArray();
            if (body.length == 0) {
                log.info("Body无内容，无需解压");
                bytes = body;
                return;
            }
            this.bytes = GZIPUtils.uncompressToByteArray(body);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            log.info("解压缩步骤发生异常！");
            ex.printStackTrace();
            throw ex;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        final ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        return new ServletInputStream() {

            @Override
            public boolean isFinished() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public boolean isReady() {
                return false;
            }

            @Override
            public void setReadListener(ReadListener readListener) {

            }

            public int read() throws IOException {
                return byteArrayInputStream.read();
            }
        };
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(this.getInputStream()));
    }

}

GZIP工具类

package com.ung.realtime.utils;


import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.StringUtils;

import java.io.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;

public class GZIPUtils {

    public static final String GZIP_ENCODE_UTF_8 = "UTF-8";

    /**
     * 字符串压缩为GZIP字节数组
     * @param str
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] compress(String str) {
        return compress(str, GZIP_ENCODE_UTF_8);
    }

    /**
     * 字符串压缩为GZIP字节数组
     * @param str
     * @param encoding
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] compress(String str, String encoding) {
        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        GZIPOutputStream gzip;
        try {
            gzip = new GZIPOutputStream(out);
            gzip.write(str.getBytes(encoding));
            gzip.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return out.toByteArray();
    }

    /**
     * GZIP解压缩
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] uncompress(byte[] bytes) {
        if (bytes == null || bytes.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        try {
            GZIPInputStream ungzip = new GZIPInputStream(in);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
            int n;
            while ((n = ungzip.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
                out.write(buffer, 0, n);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return out.toByteArray();
    }

    /**
     * 解压并返回String
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static String uncompressToString(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
        return uncompressToString(bytes, GZIP_ENCODE_UTF_8);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param bytes
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] uncompressToByteArray(byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
        return uncompressToByteArray(bytes, GZIP_ENCODE_UTF_8);
    }

    /**
     * 解压成字符串
     * @param bytes 压缩后的字节数组
     * @param encoding 编码方式
     * @return 解压后的字符串
     */
    public static String uncompressToString(byte[] bytes, String encoding) throws IOException {
        byte[] result = uncompressToByteArray(bytes, encoding);
        return new String(result);
    }

    /**
     * 解压成字节数组
     * @param bytes
     * @param encoding
     * @return
     */
    public static byte[] uncompressToByteArray(byte[] bytes, String encoding) throws IOException {
        if (bytes == null || bytes.length == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        try {
            GZIPInputStream ungzip = new GZIPInputStream(in);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[256];
            int n;
            while ((n = ungzip.read(buffer)) >= 0) {
                out.write(buffer, 0, n);
            }
            return out.toByteArray();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new IOException("解压缩失败！");
        }
    }

    /**
     * 将字节流转换成文件
     * @param filename
     * @param data
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void saveFile(String filename,byte [] data)throws Exception{
        if(data != null){
            String filepath ="D:\\" + filename;
            File file  = new File(filepath);
            if(file.exists()){
                file.delete();
            }
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
            fos.write(data,0,data.length);
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
            System.out.println(file);
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String str = "{\"adName\":\"ad1\",\"adTag\":\"<img src='https://ssb-use1.smartadserver.com:443/api/imp?callerid=40&amp;rtb=1&amp;rtbnid=3817&amp;rtbbid=922501523137776153&amp;rtbh=f0486d91c43d678d29edeea5b5e7b826b47b3d58&amp;rtblt=637839192022385241&amp;rtbet=2&amp;rtbptnid=101&amp;cftgid=bcfd9477a6a4' border='0' width='0' height='0' style='display:none'/><img src='https://ssb-use1.smartadserver.com:443/api/event?callerid=40&amp;actionid=10016&amp;rtb=1&amp;rtbnid=3817&amp;rtbbid=922501523137776153&amp;rtbh=f0486d91c43d678d29edeea5b5e7b826b47b3d58&amp;rtblt=637839192022385241&amp;rtbet=2&amp;rtbptnid=101' border='0' width='0' height='0' style='display:none'/><DIV STYLE=\\\\\\\"position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; visibility: hidden;\\\\\\\"><IMG SRC=\\\\\\\"https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/gen_204?id=xbid&dbm_b=AKAmf-BYOvUFzqHszVQzB8qfvmFA0KUKwEmzXHSMr8KUmpYxuVYLsSPkr5In0delLK4rykXCBFS4yQKrPsWrNam9150ZmaBRW1yFki70rB3w-x-zv5Wr0r4\\\\\\\" BORDER=0 WIDTH=1 HEIGHT=1 ALT=\\\\\\\"\\\\\\\" STYLE=\\\\\\\"display:none\\\\\\\"></DIV><iframe title=\\\\\\\"Blank\\\\\\\" src=\\\\\\\"https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/xbbe/pixel?d=CNfM9gIQv_S38AIY0ua-xAEwAQ&v=APEucNW-zSyy3v1TPAmXsoISK1pk8YGMtgB9XFUJpb3z1nOO6Fy7RiKGaeOO87KPHmjvqC7U9QuksFqKOt21zm0Q9VgXylDjv64tF5w8sE2vqfi5By8kQK4\\\\\\\" style=\\\\\\\"display:none\\\\\\\" aria-hidden=\\\\\\\"true\\\\\\\"></iframe><div><div style=\\\\\\\"position:relative;\\\\\\\"><script data-jc=\\\\\\\"75\\\\\\\" data-jc-version=\\\\\\\"r20220323\\\\\\\" data-jc-flags=\\\\\\\"[&quot;x%278442&#39;921378y&quot;]\\\\\\\">(function(){/*  Copyright The Closure Library Authors. 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        saveFile("binaryAd", compress(str));
        System.out.println("原长度：" + str.length());
        System.out.println("压缩后字符串：" + Arrays.toString(GZIPUtils.compress(str)).length());
        System.out.println("解压缩后字符串：" + StringUtils.newStringUtf8(GZIPUtils.uncompress(GZIPUtils.compress(str))));
        System.out.println("解压缩后字符串：" + GZIPUtils.uncompressToString(GZIPUtils.compress(str)));
        System.out.println("解压前后是否相等："+str.equals(GZIPUtils.uncompressToString(GZIPUtils.compress(str))));
    }
}

测试效果

注意：

不要直接将压缩后的byte[]当作字符串进行传输，否则你会发现压缩后的请求数据竟然比没压缩后的要大得多！一般有两种传输压缩后的byte[]的方式：

• 将压缩后的byet[]进行base64编码再传输字符串，这种方式会损失掉一部分GZIP的压缩效果，适用于压缩结果要存储在Redis中的情况
• 将压缩后的byte[]以二进制的形式写入到文件中，请求时直接在body中带上文件即可，用这种方式可以不损失压缩效果

1、启动服务

2、使用postman测试

添加请求头信息

Content-Encoding gzip

Content-Type application/json

3、请求参数设置

这里使用第二种测试，在工具类中 修改 saveFile（） 方法来指点保存文件的路径，

执行main方法后，直接用文件作为参数

最后请求看结果

请求前的大小和请求后的大小，成功处理压缩后的数据