[JavaScript知识库] Node.js+Express+Monggose+Bootstrap实现增删改查

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[JavaScript知识库]Node.js+Express+Monggose+Bootstrap实现增删改查

本文通过后台JS——Node.js、后台Web开发框架Express、MongoDB数据库、MongoDB操作库Monggose以及前端开发框架Bootstrap来简单开发一个增删改查demo。该demo以简单、方便理解的方式来记录前后端结合使用的过程。

系统架构
前端：Bootstrap 3.4.1
后端：Node.js 14.17.3 Express 5 MongoDB 5.0.3
模块化规范：CommonJS

启动后访问：http://localhost:3000/players

开发步骤

创建工程
终端输入命令：npm init -y创建 package.json文件；安装express，mongoDB数据库等，此处不再过多赘述；
编写后端代码
入口文件 app.js：

const artTemplate = require('art-template')
const express = require('express')
const router = require('./router')
const bodyParser = require('body-parser')
const app = express()
const port = 3000
app.engine('html', require('express-art-template'))
app.use('/node_modules/', express.static('./node_modules/'))
app.use('/public/', express.static('./public/'))
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }))
app.use(bodyParser.json())   //配置模板引擎和body-parser一定要在挂载路由之前
app.use(router) 
app.listen(port, () => {
  console.log(`Example app listening at http://localhost:${port}`)
})

module.exports = app

路由文件 router.js：

const player = require('./player')
const express = require('express')
const router = express.Router()
router.get('/players', function (req, res) {
    player.find(function (err, players) {
        if (err) {
            return res.send('Server error')
        }
        res.render('index.html', {
            players: players
        })
    })
})

router.get('/players/new', function (req, res) {
    res.render('add_players.html')
})

router.post('/players/new', function (req, res) {
    new player(req.body).save(function (err) {
        if (err) {
            return res.send('Server error')
        }
        res.redirect('/players')
    })
})

router.get('/players/edit', function (req, res) {
    player.findById(req.query.id.replace(/"/g, ''), function (err, player) {
        if (err) {
            return res.send('Server error')
        }
        res.render('update_player.html', {
            player: player
        })
    })
})

router.post('/players/edit', function (req, res) {
    const id = req.body.id.replace(/"/g, '')
    player.findByIdAndUpdate(id, req.body, function (err) {
        if (err) {
            return res.send('Server error')
        }
        res.redirect('/players')
    })
})

router.get('/players/delete', function (req, res) {
    const id = req.query.id.replace(/"/g, '')
    player.findByIdAndRemove(id, function (err) {
        if (err) {
            return res.send('Server error')
        }
        res.redirect('/players')
    })
})

module.exports = router

player实体：player.js：

const mongoose = require('mongoose')
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/itcast')
const Schema = mongoose.Schema

const playerSchema = new Schema({
    name: {
        type: String,
        required: true
    },
    age: {
        type: Number,
        required: true
    },
    number: {
        type: Number,
        required: true
    },
    position: {
        type: String
    }
})

module.exports = mongoose.model('Player', playerSchema)

编写前端代码
主页面 index.html（Bootstrap官网上的模板）：展示球员信息：

<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags -->
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <link rel="icon" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/v3.bootcss.com@1.0.16/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.4/examples/dashboard/">

    <title>Dashboard Template for Bootstrap</title>
   
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/v3.bootcss.com@1.0.16/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="/public/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
  </head>

  <body>

    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">简易球员管理系统</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="#">Dashboard</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Help</a></li>
          </ul>
          <form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search...">
          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li class="active"><a href="#">球员管理 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Reports</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Analytics</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Export</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">Nav item</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li>
            <li><a href="">One more nav</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li>
            <li><a href="">More navigation</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li>
            <li><a href="">One more nav</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
          <h1 class="page-header">Dashboard</h1>

          <div class="row placeholders">
            <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 placeholder">
              <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAHd3dwAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" width="200" height="200" class="img-responsive" alt="Generic placeholder thumbnail">
              <h4>Label</h4>
              <span class="text-muted">Something else</span>
            </div>
            <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 placeholder">
              <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAHd3dwAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" width="200" height="200" class="img-responsive" alt="Generic placeholder thumbnail">
              <h4>Label</h4>
              <span class="text-muted">Something else</span>
            </div>
            <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 placeholder">
              <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAHd3dwAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" width="200" height="200" class="img-responsive" alt="Generic placeholder thumbnail">
              <h4>Label</h4>
              <span class="text-muted">Something else</span>
            </div>
            <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-3 placeholder">
              <img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAHd3dwAAACH5BAAAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==" width="200" height="200" class="img-responsive" alt="Generic placeholder thumbnail">
              <h4>Label</h4>
              <span class="text-muted">Something else</span>
            </div>
          </div>

          <h2 class="sub-header">Section title</h2>
          <a class="btn btn-success" href="/players/new">添加球员</a>
          <div class="table-responsive">
            <table class="table table-striped">
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th>#</th>
                  <th>姓名</th>
                  <th>年龄</th>
                  <th>号码</th>
                  <th>位置</th>
                  <th>操作</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                {{ each players}}
                <tr>
                    <td>{{ $index + 1 }}</td>
                    <td>{{ $value.name }}</td>
                    <td>{{ $value.age }}</td>
                    <td>{{ $value.number }}</td>
                    <td>{{ $value.position }}</td>
                    <td>
                      <a href="/players/edit/?id={{ $value._id }}">编辑</a>
                      <a href="/players/delete/?id={{ $value._id }}">删除</a>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                {{ /each }}
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

添加球员页面 add_players.html（Bootstrap官网上的模板）：

<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags -->
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <link rel="icon" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/v3.bootcss.com@1.0.16/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.4/examples/dashboard/">

    <title>Dashboard Template for Bootstrap</title>
   
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/v3.bootcss.com@1.0.16/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="/public/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
  </head>

  <body>

    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="#">Dashboard</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Help</a></li>
          </ul>
          <form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search...">
          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li class="active"><a href="#">Overview <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Reports</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Analytics</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Export</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">Nav item</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li>
            <li><a href="">One more nav</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li>
            <li><a href="">More navigation</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li>
            <li><a href="">One more nav</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
            <form action="/players/new" method="post">
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label for="">姓名</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="" placeholder="姓名" name="name">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="">年龄</label>
                    <input type="number" class="form-control" id="" placeholder="年龄" name="age">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="">号码</label>
                    <input type="number" class="form-control" id="" placeholder="号码" name="number">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="">位置</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="" placeholder="位置" name="position">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
              </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

修改球员信息页面 update_player.html：

<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- The above 3 meta tags *must* come first in the head; any other head content must come *after* these tags -->
    <meta name="description" content="">
    <meta name="author" content="">
    <link rel="icon" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/v3.bootcss.com@1.0.16/favicon.ico">
    <link rel="canonical" href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/3.4/examples/dashboard/">

    <title>Dashboard Template for Bootstrap</title>
    <link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@bootcss/v3.bootcss.com@1.0.16/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
    <link href="/public/css/main.css" rel="stylesheet">
  </head>

  <body>

    <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar">
            <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Project name</a>
        </div>
        <div id="navbar" class="navbar-collapse collapse">
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
            <li><a href="#">Dashboard</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Settings</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Profile</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Help</a></li>
          </ul>
          <form class="navbar-form navbar-right">
            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search...">
          </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </nav>

    <div class="container-fluid">
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-3 col-md-2 sidebar">
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li class="active"><a href="#">Overview <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Reports</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Analytics</a></li>
            <li><a href="#">Export</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">Nav item</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li>
            <li><a href="">One more nav</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li>
            <li><a href="">More navigation</a></li>
          </ul>
          <ul class="nav nav-sidebar">
            <li><a href="">Nav item again</a></li>
            <li><a href="">One more nav</a></li>
            <li><a href="">Another nav item</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-9 col-sm-offset-3 col-md-10 col-md-offset-2 main">
            <form action="/players/edit" method="post">
                <div class="form-group">
                  <label for="">姓名</label>
                  <input type="text" class="form-control" id="" placeholder="姓名" name="name" value="{{ player.name }}">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="">年龄</label>
                    <input type="number" class="form-control" id="" placeholder="年龄" name="age" value="{{ player.age }}">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="">号码</label>
                    <input type="number" class="form-control" id="" placeholder="号码" name="number" value="{{ player.number }}">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="">位置</label>
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="" placeholder="位置" name="position" value="{{ player.position }}">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
              </form>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>