1.框架：bootstrap4

CSS样式： bootstrap-table.min.css，

bootstrap-treeview.css，

bootstrap-table-fixed-columns.css

JS样式：jquery.min.js

bootstrap.min.js,

bootstrap-table.min.js,

bootstrap-table-zh-CN.min.js,

bootstrap-treeview.js,

bootstrap-table-fixed-columns.js

2.修改的地方：在bootstrap-table.min.js中找到源码：

if (!this.options.cardView && this.options.showHeader && this.options.height) {
    this.$tableHeader.show();
    //注释下面两行
    //this.resetHeader();
    //padding += this.$header.outerHeight(true) + 1
}

3.项目中引入bootstrap-table-fixed-columns.css：

.fixed-table-header-columns,
.fixed-table-body-columns {
    position: absolute;
    background-color: #fff;
    display: none;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    overflow: hidden;
}
 
.fixed-table-header-columns .table,
.fixed-table-body-columns .table {
    border-right: 1px solid #e2e2e2;
}
 
.fixed-table-header-columns .table.table-no-bordered,
.fixed-table-body-columns .table.table-no-bordered {
    border-right: 1px solid transparent;
}
 
.fixed-table-body-columns table {
    position: absolute;
    animation: none;
}
 
.bootstrap-table .table-hover > tbody > tr.hover > td{
    background-color: #f5f5f5;
}
.fixed-table-container tbody tr:first-child td{
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e2e2;
}
 
.fixed-table-container tbody tr td:first-child, .fixed-table-container thead tr th:first-child{
  border-left: 1px solid #e2e2e2!important;
}

bootstrap-table-fixed-columns.js

/**
 * @author wu
 */
 
(function ($) {
    'use strict';
 
    $.extend($.fn.bootstrapTable.defaults, {
        fixedColumns: false,
        fixedNumber: 1,
        fixedFrom: 'right'//left
    });
 
    var BootstrapTable = $.fn.bootstrapTable.Constructor,
        _initHeader = BootstrapTable.prototype.initHeader,
        _initBody = BootstrapTable.prototype.initBody,
        _resetView = BootstrapTable.prototype.resetView;
 
    BootstrapTable.prototype.initFixedColumns = function () {
        this.$fixedHeader = $([
            '<div class="fixed-table-header-columns">',
            '<table>',
            '<thead></thead>',
            '</table>',
            '</div>'].join(''));
 
        this.timeoutHeaderColumns_ = 0;
        this.$fixedHeader.find('table').attr('class', this.$el.attr('class'));
        this.$fixedHeaderColumns = this.$fixedHeader.find('thead');
        this.$tableHeader.before(this.$fixedHeader);
 
        this.$fixedBody = $([
            '<div class="fixed-table-body-columns">',
            '<table>',
            '<tbody></tbody>',
            '</table>',
            '</div>'].join(''));
 
        this.timeoutBodyColumns_ = 0;
        this.$fixedBody.find('table').attr('class', this.$el.attr('class'));
        this.$fixedBodyColumns = this.$fixedBody.find('tbody');
        this.$tableBody.before(this.$fixedBody);
        if (this.options.fixedFrom == 'right') {
            this.$fixedHeader.css({ right: 0 });
            this.$fixedBody.css({ right: 0 })
        }
    };
 
    BootstrapTable.prototype.initHeader = function () {
        _initHeader.apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments));
 
        if (!this.options.fixedColumns) {
            return;
        }
 
        this.initFixedColumns();
 
        var that = this, $trs = this.$header.find('tr').clone();
        $trs.each(function () {
            if (that.options.fixedFrom == 'right') {
                var index = that.options.columns[0].length - Math.abs(parseInt(that.options.fixedNumber));
                $(this).find('th:lt(' + index + ')').remove();
 
            } else {
                $(this).find('th:gt(' + that.options.fixedNumber + ')').remove();
            }
 
        });
        this.$fixedHeaderColumns.html('').append($trs);
    };
 
    BootstrapTable.prototype.initBody = function () {
        _initBody.apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments));
 
        if (!this.options.fixedColumns) {
            return;
        }
 
        var that = this,
            rowspan = 0;
 
        this.$fixedBodyColumns.html('');
        this.$body.find('> tr[data-index]').each(function () {
            var $tr = $(this).clone(),
                $tds = $tr.find('td');
 
            $tr.html('');
            if (that.options.fixedFrom == 'right') {
                var end = that.options.columns[0].length - Math.abs(parseInt(that.options.fixedNumber));
            } else {
                var end = that.options.fixedNumber;
            }
 
            if (rowspan > 0) {
                --end;
                --rowspan;
            }
            if (that.options.fixedFrom == 'right') {
                for (var i = end; i < that.options.columns[0].length; i++) {
                    $tr.append($tds.eq(i).clone());
                }
            } else {
                for (var i = 0; i < end; i++) {
                    $tr.append($tds.eq(i).clone());
                }
            }
 
            that.$fixedBodyColumns.append($tr);
 
            if ($tds.eq(0).attr('rowspan')) {
                rowspan = $tds.eq(0).attr('rowspan') - 1;
            }
        });
    };
 
    BootstrapTable.prototype.resetView = function () {
        _resetView.apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.apply(arguments));
 
        if (!this.options.fixedColumns) {
            return;
        }
 
        clearTimeout(this.timeoutHeaderColumns_);
        this.timeoutHeaderColumns_ = setTimeout($.proxy(this.fitHeaderColumns, this), this.$el.is(':hidden') ? 100 : 0);
 
        clearTimeout(this.timeoutBodyColumns_);
        this.timeoutBodyColumns_ = setTimeout($.proxy(this.fitBodyColumns, this), this.$el.is(':hidden') ? 100 : 0);
    };
 
    BootstrapTable.prototype.fitHeaderColumns = function () {
        var that = this,
            visibleFields = this.getVisibleFields(),
            headerWidth = 0;
        if (that.options.fixedFrom == 'right') {
            var trs = [].slice.call(this.$body.find('tr:first-child:not(.no-records-found) > *'));
            var $trs = $(trs.reverse());
            $trs.each(function (i) {
                var $this = $(this);
                var index = i;
                if (i >= Math.abs(that.options.fixedNumber)) {
                    return false;
                }
 
                if (that.options.detailView && !that.options.cardView) {
                    index = i - 1;
                }
                that.$fixedHeader.find('th[data-field="' + visibleFields[$trs.length - 1 + index] + '"]')
                    .find('.fht-cell').width($this.innerWidth());
                headerWidth += $this.outerWidth();
            });
            that.$header.find('> tr').each(function (i) {
              that.$fixedHeader.height($(this).height());
            });
        } else {
            this.$body.find('tr:first-child:not(.no-records-found) > *').each(function (i) {
                var $this = $(this),
                    index = i;
                if (i >= that.options.fixedNumber) {
                    return false;
                }
                if (that.options.detailView && !that.options.cardView) {
                    index = i - 1;
                }
                that.$fixedHeader.find('th[data-field="' + visibleFields[index] + '"]')
                    .find('.fht-cell').width($this.innerWidth());
                headerWidth += $this.outerWidth();
            });
        }
        this.$fixedHeader.width(headerWidth + 1).show();
    };
 
    BootstrapTable.prototype.fitBodyColumns = function () {
        var that = this,
            top = -(parseInt(this.$el.css('margin-top')) - 2),
            // the fixed height should reduce the scorll-x height
            height = this.$tableBody.height() - 18;
            console.log("fitBodyColumns" + height);
 
        if (!this.$body.find('> tr[data-index]').length) {
            this.$fixedBody.hide();
            return;
        }
 
        if (!this.options.height) {
            top = this.$fixedHeader.height();
            console.log("fitBodyColumns header Height" + top);
            height = height - top;
        }
 
        // height = this.$tableBody.find("tbody").height();
        this.$fixedBody.css({
            width: this.$fixedHeader.width(),
            height: height,
            top: top
        }).show();
 
        this.$body.find('> tr').each(function (i) {
            that.$fixedBody.find('tr:eq(' + i + ')').height($(this).height());
        });
 
        // events
        this.$tableBody.on('scroll', function () {
            that.$fixedBody.find('table').css('top', -$(this).scrollTop());
        });
        this.$body.find('> tr[data-index]').off('hover').hover(function () {
            var index = $(this).data('index');
            that.$fixedBody.find('tr[data-index="' + index + '"]').addClass('hover');
        }, function () {
            var index = $(this).data('index');
            that.$fixedBody.find('tr[data-index="' + index + '"]').removeClass('hover');
        });
        this.$fixedBody.find('tr[data-index]').off('hover').hover(function () {
            var index = $(this).data('index');
            that.$body.find('tr[data-index="' + index + '"]').addClass('hover');
        }, function () {
            var index = $(this).data('index');
            that.$body.find('> tr[data-index="' + index + '"]').removeClass('hover');
        });
        fixFixedRightColumnsEvents.call(this);
    };
 
    function fixFixedRightColumnsEvents() {
        var that = this;
        if (this.options.fixedFrom == 'right') {
            var fixedBeginIndex = that.options.columns[0].length - 1 - that.options.fixedNumber;
            $.each(this.header.events, function (i, events) {
                if (i < fixedBeginIndex) {
                    return;
                }
                if (!events) {
                    return;
                }
                // fix bug, if events is defined with namespace
                if (typeof events === 'string') {
                    events = calculateObjectValue(null, events);
                }
 
                var field = that.header.fields[i];
                var fieldIndex = $.inArray(field, that.getVisibleFields());
 
                if (fieldIndex === -1) {
                    return;
                }
 
                if (that.options.detailView && !that.options.cardView) {
                    fieldIndex += 1;
                }
 
                for (var key in events) {
                    that.$fixedBodyColumns.find('>tr:not(.no-records-found)').each(function () {
                        var $tr = $(this),
                            $td = $tr.find(that.options.cardView ? '.card-view' : 'td').eq(fieldIndex - fixedBeginIndex - 1),
                            index = key.indexOf(' '),
                            name = key.substring(0, index),
                            el = key.substring(index + 1),
                            func = events[key];
 
                        $td.find(el).off(name).on(name, function (e) {
                            var index = $tr.data('index'),
                                row = that.data[index],
                                value = row[field];
 
                            func.apply(this, [e, value, row, index]);
                        });
                    });
                }
            });
        }
 
    }
 
})(jQuery);

4.前端HTML或者JSP页面中：

 <table id="bootstrap-home-table" style="table-layout:fixed!important;word-break:break-all;"></table>

在js中：

在初始化表格initTable()方法的第一行加入：
$('#bootstrap-home-table').bootstrapTable('destroy');
在方法内加入：
fixedColumns: true,        //固定列
fixedNumber:1,			  //固定右侧列
fixedFrom: 'right',       // 左侧为left