【Bootstrap 基础】
一、 Bootstrap 概述
1. 概念
Bootstrap 一个前端开发的框架,是基于 HTML、CSS、JavaScript 的,它简洁灵活,使得 Web 开发更加快捷
- 框架:一个半成品软件,开发人员可以在框架基础上,再进行开发,简化编码
2. 好处
- 定义了很多的 CSS 样式和 JavaScript 插件,开发人员直接可以使用这些样式和插件得到丰富的页面效果
- 响应式布局:同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备
3. 快速入门
- 下载 Bootstrap
- 在项目中将文件夹复制到工作文件夹
- 创建 HTML 页面,引入必要的资源文件
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>你好,世界!</h1>
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
4. 对于 Bootstrap3 缺少并添加 jQuery.min.js 文件
请参阅【对于 Bootstrap3 缺少并添加 jQuery.min.js 文件】该篇内容 对于 Bootstrap3 缺少并添加 jQuery.min.js 文件
- 复制粘贴内容并命名为
jquery-3.2.1.min.js 并导入到图片所示位置即可使用
二、 响应式布局
同一套页面可以兼容不同分辨率的设备
- 实现:依赖于栅格系统(将一行平均分成12个格子,可以指定元素占几个格子)
- 步骤:
-
定义容器(相当于之前的 table)
- 容器分类:
container :两边有固定宽度留白(不同设备不同)container-fluid :每一种设备都是 100% 宽度 -
定义行(相当于之前的 tr) (样式:row ) -
定义元素(相当于之前的 td)指定该元素在不同的设备上,所占的格子数目 (样式:col-设备代号-格子数目
- 设备代号:
- xs :超小屏幕 手机(<768px)(例如:
col-xs-12 ) - sm :小屏幕 平板(>=768px)
- md :中等屏幕 桌面显示器(>=992px)
- lg :大屏幕 大桌面显示器(>=1200px)
1. 栅格系统
<style>
.inner{
border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
<div class="col-lg-1 col-sm-2 inner">栅格</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
2. 注意事项
- 一行中如果格子数目超过12,则超出部分自动换行
- 栅格类属性可以向上兼容,栅格类适用于与屏幕宽度大于或等于分界点大小的设备
- 如果真是设备的宽度小于了栅格类属性的设备代码的最小值,会一个元素占满一整行
三、 CSS 样式和 JavaScript 插件
查看官方文档进行学习:官方文档 Bootstrap3 版本 以下仅列出常用几个部分
1. 全局 CSS 样式
- 按钮:
class="btn btn-default" default 处可以进行修改
<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>
<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>
<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">
<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">(默认样式)Default</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">(首选项)Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">(成功)Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">(一般信息)Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">(警告)Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">(危险)Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">(链接)Link</button>
- 图片:
class="img-responsive" 图片在任意尺寸都占 100% 图片形状:方形、圆形、相框形
<img src="..." class="img-responsive" alt="Responsive image">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
- 表格:
- 为任意
<table> 标签添加 .table 类可以为其赋予基本的样式 - 添加
.table-bordered 类为表格和其中的每个单元格增加边框。 - 通过添加
.table-hover 类可以让 <tbody> 中的每一行对鼠标悬停状态作出响应。
<table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年龄</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>001</td>
<td>张三</td>
<td>23</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>002</td>
<td>李四</td>
<td>22</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>003</td>
<td>王五</td>
<td>21</td>
</tr>
</table>
2. 组件
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<nav aria-label="Page navigation">
<ul class="pagination">
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Previous">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li>
<a href="#" aria-label="Next">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
3. 插件
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="..." alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="..." alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
...
</div>
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
四、 网站模板练习
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="js/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.padding{
padding-top: 10px;
}
.search-input{
float: left;
border: 2px solid #ffc900;
width: 400px;
height: 35px;
padding-left: 5px;
margin-top: 15px;
}
.search-btn{
float: left;
border: 1px solid #ffc900;
width: 90px;
height: 35px;
background-color:#ffc900;
text-align: center;
line-height: 35px;
margin-top: 15px;
}
.jx{
border-bottom: 2px solid #ffc900;
padding: 5px;
}
.company{
height: 40px;
background-color: #ffc900;
text-align: center;
line-height: 40px;
font-size: 8px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<img src="img/header" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="row padding">
<div class="col-md-3">
<img src="img/logo" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="col-md-5">
<input class="search-input" placeholder="请输入查询内容">
<a href="#" class="search-btn">搜索</a>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/telephone" class="img-responsive">
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<nav class="navbar navbar-default">
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
</div>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="..." alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="..." alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
...
</div>
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="container">
<div class="row jx">
<img src="img/">
<span>xx精选</span>
</div>
<div class="row padding">
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row jx">
<img src="img/">
<span>xx部分</span>
</div>
<div class="row padding">
<div class="col-md-4">
<img src="img/">
</div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="img/" alt="">
<p>内容</p>
<font color="red">价格</font>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<img src="img/" class="img-responsive">
</div>
<div class="row company">
xx公司 版权所有
</div>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
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