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[Python知识库]wxpython实现GUI

1.安装wxpython

pip install -U wxpython

2.创建一个wx.App的子类

?2.1实现步骤

?2.2简单实现一个GUI界面

import wx


# 定义一个子类
class App(wx.App):
    def OnInit(self):
        frame = wx.Frame(parent=None, title="Hello wxpython")
        frame.Show()
        return True


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 实例化该子类
    app = App()

    # 调用主循环方法
    app.MainLoop()

出现如下窗口

?3.直接使用wx.App类

当仅有一个窗口时，直接使用wx.App类会比较简洁

import wx

app = wx.App()
frame = wx.Frame(None, title="Hello wxPython")
frame.Show()
app.MainLoop()

?也会出现同样窗口

?4.使用wx.Frame框架

import wx


class Myframe(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title="创建Frame", pos=(100, 100), size=(300, 300), )


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Myframe(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

?5.StaticText文本类

语法格式

? 实例

import wx


class Myframe(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title="创建staticText", pos=(100, 100), size=(600, 400))
        panel = wx.Panel(self) # 创建画板
        wx.StaticText(panel, label = "python之禅 --lbqdhg", pos=(100,20))



if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Myframe(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

?可以对字体进行设置

实例

import wx


class Myframe(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title="创建staticText", pos=(100, 100), size=(600, 400))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)  # 创建画板
        title = wx.StaticText(panel, label="python之禅 --lbqdhg", pos=(100, 20))
        font = wx.Font(16, wx.DEFAULT, wx.FONTSTYLE_NORMAL, wx.NORMAL)
        title.SetFont(font)
        wx.StaticText(panel, label="优美胜于丑陋", pos=(50, 50))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Myframe(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

?6.TextCtrl输入文本

语法格式

?实例

import wx


class Myframe(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title="创建TextCtrl类", pos=(100, 100), size=(600, 400))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label = "请输入用户名和密码",pos = (140,20))
        self.label_user = wx.StaticText(panel, label="用户名", pos=(50, 50))
        self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel, pos=(100,50),size = (235,25),style=wx.TE_LEFT)
        self.label_password = wx.StaticText(panel, label="密码", pos=(50, 90))
        self.text_password = wx.TextCtrl(panel, pos=(100, 90), size=(235, 25), style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)




if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Myframe(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

?7.Button按钮类

语法格式

?实例

import wx


class Myframe(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title="创建TextCtrl类", pos=(100, 100), size=(600, 400))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label = "请输入用户名和密码",pos = (140,20))
        self.label_user = wx.StaticText(panel, label="用户名", pos=(50, 50))
        self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel, pos=(100,50),size = (235,25),style=wx.TE_LEFT)
        self.label_password = wx.StaticText(panel, label="密码", pos=(50, 90))
        self.text_password = wx.TextCtrl(panel, pos=(100, 90), size=(235, 25), style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)

        self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label="确定",pos=(105,130))
        self.bt_cancel = wx.Button(panel,label="取消",pos= (195,130))




if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Myframe(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

?8.Boxsizer

使用Boxsizer

语法格式

?实例

import wx


class Myframe(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title="用户登录", pos=(100, 100), size=(400, 300))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)
        self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label="请输入用户名和密码")
        vsizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        vsizer.Add(self.title, proportion=0, flag=wx.BOTTOM | wx.TOP | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=15)
        panel.SetSizer(vsizer)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Myframe(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

?实例：使用BoxSizer设置登录界面布局

import wx


class Myframe(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title="用户登录", pos=(100, 100), size=(400, 300))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)

        self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label="请输入用户名和密码")

        # 创建button
        self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label="确定")
        self.bt_cancel = wx.Button(panel, label="取消")

        # 创建文本
        self.label_user = wx.StaticText(panel, label="用户名：")
        self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)
        self.label_password = wx.StaticText(panel, label="密   码：")
        self.text_password = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)
        # 创建横向容器
        hsizer_user = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_user.Add(self.label_user, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
        hsizer_user.Add(self.text_user, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

        hsizer_pwd = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_pwd.Add(self.label_password, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
        hsizer_pwd.Add(self.text_password, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

        hsizer_button = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_confirm, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
        hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_cancel, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

        # 创建纵向容器
        vsizer_all = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        vsizer_all.Add(self.title, proportion=0, flag=wx.BOTTOM | wx.TOP | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=15)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_user, proportion=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT , border=45)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_pwd, proportion=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_button, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.TOP, border=15)
        panel.SetSizer(vsizer_all)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Myframe(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

?9.绑定事件

语法格式

?实例:使用事件判断用户登录

import wx


class Myframe(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent, id):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, id, title="用户登录", pos=(100, 100), size=(400, 300))
        panel = wx.Panel(self)

        self.title = wx.StaticText(panel, label="请输入用户名和密码")

        # 创建button
        self.bt_confirm = wx.Button(panel, label="确定")
        self.bt_confirm.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Onclicksubmit)
        self.bt_cancel = wx.Button(panel, label="取消")
        self.bt_cancel.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.Onclickcancel)
        # 创建文本
        self.label_user = wx.StaticText(panel, label="用户名：")
        self.text_user = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_LEFT)
        self.label_password = wx.StaticText(panel, label="密   码：")
        self.text_password = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_PASSWORD)
        # 创建横向容器
        hsizer_user = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_user.Add(self.label_user, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
        hsizer_user.Add(self.text_user, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

        hsizer_pwd = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_pwd.Add(self.label_password, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
        hsizer_pwd.Add(self.text_password, proportion=1, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

        hsizer_button = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
        hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_confirm, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)
        hsizer_button.Add(self.bt_cancel, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALL, border=5)

        # 创建纵向容器
        vsizer_all = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        vsizer_all.Add(self.title, proportion=0, flag=wx.BOTTOM | wx.TOP | wx.ALIGN_CENTER, border=15)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_user, proportion=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_pwd, proportion=0, flag=wx.EXPAND | wx.LEFT | wx.RIGHT, border=45)
        vsizer_all.Add(hsizer_button, proportion=0, flag=wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.TOP, border=15)
        panel.SetSizer(vsizer_all)

    def Onclicksubmit(self, event):
        message = ""
        username = self.text_user.GetValue()
        password = self.text_password.GetValue()
        if username == "" or password == "":
            message = "用户名或者密码不能为空！"
        elif username == "lbqdhg" and password == "98224":
            message = "登录成功"
        else:
            message = "用户名和密码不匹配"

        wx.MessageBox(message)

    def Onclickcancel(self,event):
        self.text_user.SetValue("")
        self.text_password.SetValue("")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App()
    frame = Myframe(parent=None, id=-1)
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()