[Python知识库]数据科学库——matplotlib常用统计图

绘制散点图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="System/Library/Fonts/Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")
y_3 = [11, 17, 16, 11, 12, 11, 12, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 14, 17, 18, 21, 16, 17, 20, 14, 15, 15, 15, 19, 21, 22, 22, 22, 23]
y_10 = [26, 26, 28, 19, 21, 17, 16, 19, 18, 20, 20, 19, 22, 23, 17, 20, 21, 20, 22, 15, 11, 15, 5, 13, 17, 10, 11, 13, 12, 13, 6]

x_3 = range(1,32)
x_10 = range(51,82)

#设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.scatter(x_3,y_3,label="3月份")
plt.scatter(x_10,y_10, label="10月份")

#调整x轴的刻度
_x = list(x_3)+list(x_10)
_xtick_labels = ["3月{}日".format(i) for i in x_3]
_xtick_labels += ["10月{}日".format(i-50) for i in x_10]
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels,fontproperties=my_font, rotation=45)

#添加图例
plt.legend(loc="upper left", prop=my_font)

#添加描述信息
plt.xlabel("时间", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.ylabel("温度", fontproperties=my_font)
plt.title("标题", fontproperties=my_font)
#展示
plt.show()

绘制折线图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\STSONG.TTF')
y_1 = [1,0,1,1,2,4,3,2,3,4,4,5,6,5,4,3,3,1,1,1]
y_2 = [1,0,3,1,2,2,3,3,2,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1]

x = range(11,31)

#设置图片大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.plot(x,y_1,label="自己",color="orange",linestyle=":")
plt.plot(x,y_2, label="同桌",color="blue",linestyle="-.")

#调整x轴的刻度
_xtick_labels = ["{}岁".format(i) for i in x]
plt.xticks(x,_xtick_labels,fontproperties=my_font)

#绘制网格
plt.grid(alpha=0.4)

#添加图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font)

#展示
plt.show()

• 折线图以折线的上升或下降来表示统计数量的增减变化的统计图
  特点:能够显示数据的变化趋势，反映事物的变化情况。(变化)
• 直方图:由一系列高度不等的纵向条纹或线段表示数据分布的情况。 一般用横轴表示数据范围，纵轴表示分布情况。
  特点:绘制连续性的数据,展示一组或者多组数据的分布状况(统计)
• 条形图:排列在工作表的列或行中的数据可以绘制到条形图中。
  特点:绘制连离散的数据,能够一眼看出各个数据的大小,比较数据之间的差别。(统计)
• 散点图:用两组数据构成多个坐标点，考察坐标点的分布,判断两变量
  之间是否存在某种关联或总结坐标点的分布模式。
  特点:判断变量之间是否存在数量关联趋势,展示离群点(分布规律)

绘制条形图

#绘制横条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\STSONG.TTF')

a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证",
     "金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺",
     "金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
#绘制条形图
plt.barh(range(len(a)),b,height=0.3,color="orange")
#设置字符串到x轴上
plt.yticks(range(len(a)),a,fontproperties=my_font)
plt.savefig("./movie.png")
plt.show()

绘制多次条形图

#绘制横条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\STSONG.TTF')

a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

bar_width = 0.2

x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i+bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8))

plt.bar(range(len(a)),b_14,width=bar_width,label="9月14日")
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9月15日")
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9月16日")

#设置图例
plt.legend(prop=my_font)

#x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(x_15,a,fontproperties=my_font)

plt.show()

绘制直方图

#绘制横条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\STSONG.TTF')

a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124,
   101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,
   95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123,
   128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145,
   119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143,
   115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,
   115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111,
   109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121,
   114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111,
   104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137,
   115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

#计算组数
d = 3  #组距
num_bins = (max(a) - min(a))

#设置图形的大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.hist(a,num_bins,density=True)

#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))

plt.grid()

plt.show()

#绘制横条形图
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r'C:\Windows\Fonts\STSONG.TTF')

interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.bar(range(len(quantity)),quantity,width=width)

#设置x轴的刻度
_x = [i-0.5 for i in range(12)]
_xtick_labels = interval + [150]
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels)

plt.grid(alpha=0.4)
plt.show()