爬取链家房屋信息
爬取信息具体如下：
1.标题 2.位置 3.房屋介绍 4.房屋总价 5.房屋单价
一、检查网页源码
搜索标题中的关键字发现目标信息可以在源码中找到，所以我们请求该url网址就可以拿到我们的想要的数据。
二、元素定位
利用开发者工具对元素进行定位，再使用xpath表达式提取信息
三、编写代码
import requests
import threading
import pandas as pd
from lxml import etree
# 全部信息列表
count=list()
#生成1-10页url
def url_creat():
#基础url
url = 'https://qd.lianjia.com/ershoufang/pg{}/'
#生成前10页url列表
links=[url.format(i) for i in range(1,11)]
return links
#对url进行解析
def url_parse(url):
headers = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
'Cache-Control': 'no-cache',
'Connection': 'keep-alive',
'Cookie': 'lianjia_uuid=7e346c7c-5eb3-45d9-8b4f-e7cf10e807ba; UM_distinctid=17a3c5c21243a-0c5b8471aaebf5-6373267-144000-17a3c5c21252dc; _smt_uid=60d40f65.47c601a8; _ga=GA1.2.992911268.1624510312; select_city=370200; lianjia_ssid=f47906f0-df1a-49e2-ad9b-648711b11434; CNZZDATA1253492431=1056289575-1626962724-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1626962724; CNZZDATA1254525948=1591837398-1626960171-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1626960171; CNZZDATA1255633284=1473915272-1626960625-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1626960625; CNZZDATA1255604082=1617573044-1626960658-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1626960658; _jzqa=1.4194666890570963500.1624510309.1624510309.1626962867.2; _jzqc=1; _jzqy=1.1624510309.1626962867.2.jzqsr=baidu|jzqct=%E9%93%BE%E5%AE%B6.jzqsr=baidu; _jzqckmp=1; _qzjc=1; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%2217a3c5c23964c1-05089a8de73cbf-6373267-1327104-17a3c5c23978b3%22%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%2217a3c5c23964c1-05089a8de73cbf-6373267-1327104-17a3c5c23978b3%22%2C%22props%22%3A%7B%22%24latest_traffic_source_type%22%3A%22%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2%E6%B5%81%E9%87%8F%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2Flink%22%2C%22%24latest_referrer_host%22%3A%22www.baidu.com%22%2C%22%24latest_search_keyword%22%3A%22%E6%9C%AA%E5%8F%96%E5%88%B0%E5%80%BC%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_source%22%3A%22baidu%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_medium%22%3A%22pinzhuan%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_campaign%22%3A%22wyyantai%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_content%22%3A%22biaotimiaoshu%22%2C%22%24latest_utm_term%22%3A%22biaoti%22%7D%7D; Hm_lvt_9152f8221cb6243a53c83b956842be8a=1624510327,1626962872; _gid=GA1.2.134344742.1626962875; Hm_lpvt_9152f8221cb6243a53c83b956842be8a=1626962889; _qzja=1.1642609541.1626962866646.1626962866646.1626962866647.1626962872770.1626962889355.0.0.0.3.1; _qzjb=1.1626962866646.3.0.0.0; _qzjto=3.1.0; _jzqb=1.3.10.1626962867.1; srcid=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',
'Host': 'qd.lianjia.com',
'Pragma': 'no-cache',
'Referer': 'https://qd.lianjia.com/',
'sec-ch-ua': '" Not;A Brand";v="99", "Google Chrome";v="91", "Chromium";v="91"',
'sec-ch-ua-mobile': '?0',
'Sec-Fetch-Dest': 'document',
'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-origin',
'Sec-Fetch-User': '?1',
'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests': '1',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/91.0.4472.164 Safari/537.36'}
response=requests.get(url=url,headers=headers).text
tree=etree.HTML(response)
#ul列表下的全部li标签
li_List=tree.xpath("//*[@class='sellListContent']/li")
#创建线程锁对象
lock = threading.RLock()
#上锁
lock.acquire()
for li in li_List:
#标题
title=li.xpath('./div/div/a/text()')[0]
#网址
link=li.xpath('./div/div/a/@href')[0]
#位置
postion=li.xpath('./div/div[2]/div/a/text()')[0]+li.xpath('./div/div[2]/div/a[2]/text()')[0]
#类型
types=li.xpath('./div/div[3]/div/text()')[0].split(' | ')[0]
#面积
area=li.xpath('./div/div[3]/div/text()')[0].split(' | ')[1]
#房屋信息
info=li.xpath('./div/div[3]/div/text()')[0].split(' | ')[2:-1]
info=''.join(info)
#总价
count_price=li.xpath('.//div/div[6]/div/span/text()')[0]+'万'
#单价
angle_price=li.xpath('.//div/div[6]/div[2]/span/text()')[0]
dic={'标题':title,"位置":postion,'房屋类型':types,'面积':area,"单价":angle_price,'总价':count_price,'介绍':info,"网址":link}
print(dic)
#将房屋信息加入总列表中
count.append(dic)
#解锁
lock.release()
def run():
links = url_creat()
#多线程爬取
for i in links:
x=threading.Thread(target=url_parse,args=(i,))
x.start()
x.join()
#将全部房屋信息转化为excel
data=pd.DataFrame(count)
data.to_excel('房屋信息.xlsx',index=False)
if __name__ == '__main__':
run()
四、运行结果
