[Python知识库]Django省市区三级联动

1、模型创建

models.py 自关联，获取下级的名称为next

from django.db import models


class Area(models.Model):
    """
    区域表
    """

    name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='名称')
    parent = models.ForeignKey('self',on_delete=models.SET_NULL,related_name='son', null=True, verbose_name='父级')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'tb_areas'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

2、插入数据

利用MySQL工具 以MySQL Workbench 8.0 CE为例插入数据

3、序列化器

serializer.py

class AreaSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    地址序列化器
    """

    class Meta:
        model = Area
        fields = '__all__'

4、功能实现

views.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

from .models import Area
from .serializer import AreaSerializer

class ObtailAreaView(APIView):

        def get(self, request):
        # 获取parent_id 
        parent_id = request.GET.get('parent_id')
        # 如果获取到父级的id,则获取省级下面的信息（市、区、县）
        if parent_id:
            area = Area.objects.filter(pk=parent_id).first()
            areas = area.son
        # 如果没有参数，通过参数所有的省
        else:
            areas = Area.objects.filter(parent__isnull=True).all()
        area_ser = AreaSerializer(areas, many=True)
        # 返回结果
        return Response({'code': 200, 'areaList': area_ser.data})

5、配置路由

urls.py做了路由分发

"""
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    path('area/', views.ObtailAreaView.as_view())
]

6、Vue页面功能（简单实现功能）

<template>
  <div>
    <h3>省市区三级联动演示</h3>
    <div class="form_group">
      <label>所在地区：</label>
      <select v-model='form.province' @change='getCity(form.province)'>
        <option :value="i.id" v-for='i in province_list'>{{ i.name }}</option>

      </select>
      <select v-model='form.city' @change='getArea(form.city)'>
        <option :value="i.id" v-for='i in city_list'>{{ i.name }}</option>

      </select>
      <select v-model='form.area'>
        <option :value="i.id" v-for='i in area_list'>{{ i.name }}</option>

      </select>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

<script>

  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        form: {
          province: 110000,
        },
        province_list: [],
        city_list: [],
        area_list: []
      }
    },
    methods: {
      //获取省
      getProvice() {
        this.axios.get('address/area/').then(res => {
          console.log(res.data)
          this.province_list = res.data.areaList
        })
      },
      //获取市
      getCity(provice) {
        this.axios.get('address/area/?parent_id=' + provice).then(res => {
          this.city_list = res.data.areaList
        })
      },
      //获取区
      getArea(city) {
        this.axios.get('address/area/?parent_id=' + city).then(res => {
          this.area_list = res.data.areaList
        })
      },
    },
    mounted() {
      this.getProvice()
    }
  }
</script>

<style scoped>
  select {
    width: 125px;
  }
</style>

7、效果演示

8、总结

使用自关联，当省份改变的时候获取省份下面的区或市，当市改变的话获取市级下面的县、镇。