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[Python֪ʶ¿â]Pythonº¯ÊýºÍÃæÏò¶ÔÏó£¬Ð¡°×¿´Á˶¼ËµºÃ

Pythonº¯ÊýºÍÃæÏò¶ÔÏó,С°×¿´Á˶¼ËµºÃ

python³ýÁËʹÓÃÄÚÖú¯ÊýÒÔÍâ,»¹¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¨Ò庯Êý¡£ÎÒÃÇΪʲôҪ¶¨ÒåºÍʹÓú¯ÊýÄØ?

ÏÂÃæÎÒ¾Ù¸öÀý×Ó,±ÈÈçÎÒÏëÇó10µÄ½×³Ë

# Çó10µÄ½×³Ë
m = 1
for i in range(1, 11):
    m *= i
print(m)

´úÂëËäÈ»²»³¤,µ«ÊÇÈç¹ûÎÒ»¹ÏëÇó20,21,55,100µÄ½×³ËÄØ?°´ÕÕÉÏÃæµÄ·½Ê½Ç󼸸öÊýµÄ½×³Ë¾ÍҪд¼¸¸öÑ­»·,ÕâÑùÎÒÃÇÒ²Äܵõ½ÏëÒªµÄ´ð°¸,µ«´úÂëÊDz»ÊÇÏԵá¯ÄÑ¿´¡®¡£ÕâʱºòÎÒÃǾͿÉÒÔ¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öº¯Êý,ÒÔºóÇó½×³ËÖ»ÐèÒªµ÷ÓÃÕâ¸öº¯Êý¾ÍÐÐÁË¡£

# ÇónµÄ½×³Ë
def fac(n):
    result = 1
    for i in range(1, n + 1):
        result *= i
    return result
    
fac(8)      # 8µÄ½×³Ë
fac(25)     # 25µÄ½×³Ë
fac(63)     # 63µÄ½×³Ë
fac(100)    # 100µÄ½×³Ë

ÊDz»ÊǸоõºÜ·½±ãÄØ?½ÓÏÂÀ´¸ø´ó¼Ò½éÉÜһϺ¯ÊýÓ÷¨

¶¨Ò庯Êý

¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öpythonº¯Êý,ÏÂÃæÊǺ¯ÊýµÄ»ù±¾ÐÎʽ:

def º¯ÊýÃû(²ÎÊý1,²ÎÊý2,¡­,²ÎÊýn):

? º¯ÊýÌå

? return ·µ»ØÖµ

ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½pythonÓÃdefÀ´¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öº¯Êý,ºóÃæÓк¯ÊýÃûºÍÓ¢ÎÄÀ¨ºÅ(À¨ºÅÀïÃæ¿ÉÒÔ¶¨ÒåһЩ²ÎÊý,²ÎÊý¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾Ý¾ßÌåÐèÇóÉèÖÃ,Ò²¿ÉÒÔûÓвÎÊý,²ÎÊý»¹¿ÉÒÔÉèÖÃĬÈÏÖµ)¡£ÏÂÃæreturn¿ÉÒÔ·µ»ØÒ»¸öÖµ,Õâ¸öÖµÓÐʱÈκÎÐÎʽµÄÊý¾Ý,µ±È»Ò²¿ÉÒÔûÓзµ»ØÖµ¡£

½ÓÏÂÀ´ÊÇһЩʵÀý:

ʵÀý1:

def hello_world():
    return 'hello, world'


print(hello_world())  # hello, world

ʵÀý2:

def hello(name):
    print(f'ÄãºÃ,{name}')


hello('°ÙÀïÊØÔ¼')  # ÄãºÃ,°ÙÀïÊØÔ¼

ʵÀý3:

# ¶à¸öÊýÀÛ¼Ó
def add(nums):
    sum = 0
    for n in nums:
        sum += n
    return sum

nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
print(add(nums))    # 55

º¯ÊýµÄ·µ»ØÖµ

return:·µ»ØÖµ,Èç¹ûûÓÐÔòĬÈÏ·µ»ØNone
ʵÀý:

def num() :
    s = 10
    return s


def num2():
    s = 10


a = num()
b = num2()
print(a, b)   # 10 None

ʵÀý:

    s = 'hello, ÕÅÈý'
    return s


def hello2():
    print('hello, jack')


a = hello()
print(a)      #hello, ÕÅÈý
b = hello2()  #hello, jack

º¯Êý²ÎÊý

º¯Êý¿ÉÒÔÉèÖòÎÊý,Ò²¿ÉÒÔ²»ÉèÖòÎÊý,¿ÉÒÔÉèÖÃÒ»¸ö²ÎÊý,Ò²¿ÉÒÔÉèÖöà¸ö²ÎÊý,ͬʱº¯ÊýÒ²¿ÉÒÔÉèÖÃĬÈÏÖµ¡£

ʵÀý:

import random

# Ò¡É«×Ó
def roll_dice(n=2):
    """Ò¡É«×Ó
    
    :param n: É«×Ó¸öÊý,ĬÈÏÁ½¸öÉ«×Ó
    :return: ·µ»ØÉ«×ÓµÄ×ܵãÊý
    """
    # points ±íʾ×ܵãÊý
    points = 0
    for _ in range(n):
        points += random.randrange(1, 7)
    return points

print(roll_dice())   # ĬÈÏֵΪ2,Ò¡Á½¸öÉ«×Ó,ûÓÐĬÈÏÖµµ÷Óú¯Êýʱ±ØÐë´«Èë²ÎÊýÖµ
print(roll_dice(3))  # ´«Èë²ÎÊý3,´Ëʱn=3,±íʾҡ3¸öÉ«×Ó

ʵÀý:

def BMI(high, weight, sex):
    """
    ÌåÖÊÖ¸Êý¼ÆËã

    :param high:Éí¸ß ,µ¥Î»:Ã×
    :param weight:ÌåÖØ,µ¥Î»:ǧ¿Ë¡¢¹«½ï
    :param sex:ÐÔ±ð,ÄÐ:1,Å®:0
    :return: ·µ»ØÌåÖÊÖ¸Êý
    """
    bmi = weight / high ** 2
    if sex == 0:
        bmi -= 1.1
    if bmi < 19:
        print('ÌåÖØÆ«Çá')
    elif 19 <= bmi < 25:
        print('½¡¿µÌåÖØ')
    elif 25 <= bmi < 30:
        print('³¬ÖØ')
    elif 30 <= bmi < 39:
        print('ÑÏÖس¬ÖØ')
    else:
        print('¼«¶È³¬ÖØ')
    return weight / high ** 2

print(BMI(1.6, 50, 1))

´ËʱÎÒÃÇÔÚÉèÖÃÁËÈý¸ö²ÎÊý,µ±µ÷Óú¯Êýʱ,ÎÒÃÇÒ²±ØÐë´«ÈëÈý¸ö²ÎÊý,ÊäÈë²ÎÊý µÄλÖÃĬÈϺÍÉèÖòÎÊýµÄλÖÃÒ»Ö¡£Èç¹û²ÎÊýÓÐĬÈÏÖµ,Ôòµ÷Óú¯Êýʱ,´øÓÐĬÈÏÖµµÄ²ÎÊý¿ÉÒÔ²»±ØÊäÈë¡£

ʵÀý

# ¼Ó·¨º¯Êý
def sum(a, b):
    """
    ¼Ó·¨º¯Êý,½«aºÍbÏà¼Ó
    :param a: ¼ÓÊý
    :param b: ¼ÓÊý
    :return: ·µ»ØÏà¼ÓÖ®ºÍ
    """
    return a+b

print(sum(1, 2))

ʵÀý:

# ¼Ó·¨º¯Êý
def sum(a, b, c, d, e):
    """
    ¼Ó·¨º¯Êý,½«a, b, c, d, eÏà¼Ó
    
    :return: ·µ»ØÏà¼ÓÖ®ºÍ
    """
    return a+b+c+d+e

print(sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))

µ±ÊäÈëµÄ²ÎÊý¹ý¶à,²¢ÇÒ²ÎÊýµÄÊôÐÔÒ»ÖÂʱ,ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÿɱä²ÎÊý

¿É±ä²ÎÊý

# ¼Ó·¨º¯Êý
def sum(*a):
    """
    ¼Ó·¨º¯Êý
    :param a: ±íʾһ¸ö¿É±ä²ÎÊý,´æ´¢ÈÎÒâ¶à²ÎÊý,´ËʱaΪһ¸öÔª×é
    :return: ·µ»ØÏà¼ÓÖ®ºÍ
    """
    m = 0
    for i in a:
        m += i
    return m

print(sum(1, 2, 3))
print(sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10))

ÔÚ²ÎÊýÇ°Ãæ¼Ó*ºÅ,´Ëʱ²ÎÊýΪ¿É±ä²ÎÊý¡£¿É±ä²ÎÊýΪһ¸öÔª×é,½«ËùÓжàÓàµÄ²ÎÊýÈ«²¿´æÔÚÀïÃæ¡£

ͬʱÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÏîÄ¿Öе÷Óú¯Êý
ʵÀý:

module1.py

def hello():
    print('hello, world')

module2.py

def hello():
    print('goodbye, world')

test.py

import module1
import module2

# Óá°Ä£¿éÃû.º¯ÊýÃû¡±µÄ·½Ê½(ÍêÈ«ÏÞ¶¨Ãû)µ÷Óú¯Êý,
module1.hello()    # hello, world
module2.hello()    # goodbye, world

ÔÚµ¼ÈëÄ£¿éʱ,»¹¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃas¹Ø¼ü×Ö¶ÔÄ£¿é½øÐбðÃû,ÕâÑùÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓøüΪ¼ò¶ÌµÄÍêÈ«ÏÞ¶¨Ãû¡£

import module1 as m1
import module2 as m2

m1.hello()    # hello, world
m2.hello()    # goodbye, world

Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÓÃfrom¡­import¡­µÄÐÎʽ,ÎÒÃDZØÐëʹÓÃas¹Ø¼ü×Ö¶Ôµ¼È뺯Êý½øÐбðÃû,²»È»Á½¸öÏàͬµÄhelloº¯Êý,ÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö»á±»¸²¸Ç¡£

from module1 import hello as h1
from module2 import hello as h2

h1()    # hello, world
h2()    # goodbye, world

±ê×¼¿âÖеÄÄ£¿éºÍº¯Êý

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chr½«Unicode±àÂëת»»³É¶ÔÓ¦µÄ×Ö·û,ÀýÈç:chr(8364)»á·µ»Ø'€'¡£
hex½«Ò»¸öÕûÊýת»»³ÉÒÔ'0x'¿ªÍ·µÄÊ®Áù½øÖÆ×Ö·û´®,ÀýÈç:hex(123)»á·µ»Ø'0x7b'¡£
input´ÓÊäÈëÖжÁÈ¡Ò»ÐÐ,·µ»Ø¶Áµ½µÄ×Ö·û´®¡£
len»ñÈ¡×Ö·û´®¡¢ÁбíµÈµÄ³¤¶È¡£
max·µ»Ø¶à¸ö²ÎÊý»òÒ»¸ö¿Éµü´ú¶ÔÏó(ºóÃæ»á½²)ÖеÄ×î´óÖµ,ÀýÈç:max(12, 95, 37)»á·µ»Ø95¡£
min·µ»Ø¶à¸ö²ÎÊý»òÒ»¸ö¿Éµü´ú¶ÔÏó(ºóÃæ»á½²)ÖеÄ×îСֵ,ÀýÈç:min(12, 95, 37)»á·µ»Ø12¡£
oct°ÑÒ»¸öÕûÊýת»»³ÉÒÔ'0o'¿ªÍ·µÄ°Ë½øÖÆ×Ö·û´®,ÀýÈç:oct(123)»á·µ»Ø'0o173'¡£
open´ò¿ªÒ»¸öÎļþ²¢·µ»ØÎļþ¶ÔÏó(ºóÃæ»á½²)¡£
ord½«×Ö·ûת»»³É¶ÔÓ¦µÄUnicode±àÂë,ÀýÈç:ord('€')»á·µ»Ø8364¡£
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print´òÓ¡Êä³ö¡£
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round°´ÕÕÖ¸¶¨µÄ¾«¶È¶ÔÊýÖµ½øÐÐËÄÉáÎåÈë,ÀýÈç:round(1.23456, 4)»á·µ»Ø1.2346¡£
sum¶ÔÒ»¸öÐòÁÐÖеÄÏî´Ó×óµ½ÓÒ½øÐÐÇóºÍÔËËã,ÀýÈç:sum(range(1, 101))»á·µ»Ø5050¡£
type·µ»Ø¶ÔÏóµÄÀàÐÍ,ÀýÈç:type(10)»á·µ»Øint;¶øtype('hello')»á·µ»Østr¡£

º¯Êý½ø½×

λÖòÎÊýºÍ¹Ø¼ü×Ö²ÎÊý

def add(a,b,c):

µ±ÎÒÏëµ÷Óú¯Êýaddʱ,Èçadd(1,2,3),´Ëʱa = 1,b = 2,c = 3,Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵,´«ÈëµÄ²ÎÊýÖµÓëÔ­À´º¯ÊýµÄ²ÎÊýλÖÃÒ»Ò»¶ÔÓ¦¡£´Ëʱ²ÎÊý¶¼ÊÇλÖòÎÊý,µ±È»,ÎÒÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý²ÎÊýÃû=²ÎÊýÖµµÄ·½Ê½½øÐд«²Î,Èçadd(a=1,c=3,b=2),ÒòΪ´«Èë²ÎÊýʱ´øÉÏÁ˲ÎÊýÃû,ËùÒÔ²ÎÊýλÖÿÉÒÔËæÒâ¸Ä±ä¡£

Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÏ£Íûµ÷Óú¯Êýʱ±ØÐëÒÔ²ÎÊýÃû=²ÎÊýÖµµÄ¸ñʽ½øÐд«²Î,ÎÒÃǶԺ¯Êý²ÎÊý×öÈçϸıä:

def add(*,a,b,c):

Èç´Ë,Èç¹ûÏëµ÷ÓÃaddº¯Êý,±ØÐëÒªÒÔ²ÎÊýÃû=²ÎÊýÖµµÄ¸ñʽ½øÐд«²Î,·ñÔò¾Í»áÒý·¢Òì³£,ÕâʱºòµÄ²ÎÊýÎÒÃdzÆ֮Ϊ¹Ø¼ü×Ö²ÎÊý¡£

²ÎÊýÐÎʽ²ÎÊýÀàÐÍʹÓÃʵÀý
def add(a, b, c)a¡¢b¡¢c ¶¼ÊÇλÖòÎÊýadd(1, 2, 3)
def add(*, a, b, c)a¡¢b¡¢c ¶¼Êǹؼü×Ö²ÎÊýadd( a = 1, b = 2, c = 3)
def add(a, *, b, c)a ÊÇλÖòÎÊý,b¡¢c Êǹؼü×Ö²ÎÊýadd( 1, b = 2, c = 3)

¼òµ¥À´Ëµ,* Ç°ÃæµÄ²ÎÊý¶¼ÊÇλÖòÎÊý, * ºóÃæµÄ²ÎÊý¶¼Êǹؼü×Ö²ÎÊý

Ç°ÃæÎÒÃÇ˵µ½¿É±ä²ÎÊý ( *²ÎÊýÃû )¿ÉÒÔÈÝÄÉÈÎÒâ¶àµÄ²ÎÊý¸öÊý,ÎÒÃÇÔÚÉè¼Æº¯Êýʱ,Èç¹û¼È²»ÖªµÀµ÷ÓÃÕ߻ᴫÈëµÄ²ÎÊý¸öÊý,Ò²²»ÖªµÀµ÷ÓÃÕ߻᲻»áÖ¸¶¨²ÎÊýÃû,ÄÇôͬʱʹÓÿɱä²ÎÊýºÍ¹Ø¼ü×Ö²ÎÊý¡£¹Ø¼ü×Ö²ÎÊý»á½«´«ÈëµÄ´ø²ÎÊýÃûµÄ²ÎÊý×é×°³ÉÒ»¸ö×Öµä,²ÎÊýÃû¾ÍÊÇ×ÖµäÖмüÖµ¶ÔµÄ¼ü,¶ø²ÎÊýÖµ¾ÍÊÇ×ÖµäÖмüÖµ¶ÔµÄÖµ

def calc(*args, **kwargs):

*args Ϊ¿É±ä²ÎÊý,·µ»ØµÄÊÇÒ»¸öÔª×é
**kwargs Ϊ¿É±äµÄ¹Ø¼ü×Ö²ÎÊý,·µ»ØµÄÊÇÒ»¸ö×Öµä

ʵÀý:

# ¼Ó·¨º¯Êý
def sum(*args, **kwargs):
    result = 0
    for arg in args:  # args ΪԪ×é
        result += arg
    for value in kwargs.values():  # kwargsΪ×Öµä
        result += value
    return result

print(sum(1, 3, 5))  # 9
print(sum(a = 1, b = 4, c = 3))    # 8
print(sum(1, 5, c = 7, d = 3))    # 16

Éè¼Æº¯Êýʱ,λÖòÎÊý±ØÐëÔڹؼü×Ö²ÎÊýÇ°Ãæ;ûÓÐĬÈÏÖµµÄ²ÎÊý±ØÐëÔÚÓÐĬÈÏÖµµÄ²ÎÊýÇ°Ãæ¡£

¸ß¼¶º¯Êý

º¯Êý±¾ÉíÒ²¿ÉÒÔ×÷Ϊº¯ÊýµÄ²ÎÊý»òÕß·µ»ØÖµ,ÕâÑùµÄº¯ÊýÎÒÃdzÆ֮Ϊ¸ß¼¶º¯Êý¡£

# ¼Ó·¨
def add(num1, num2):
    return num1 + num2

# ¼õ·¨
def sub(num1, num2):
    return num1 - num2

# ³Ë·¨
def mul(num1, num2):
    return num1 * num2

# ³ý·¨
def div(num1, num2):
    return num1 / num2


# ¸ß¼¶º¯Êý
def sum(*args, start, ft, **kwargs):
    """
    ¸ß¼¶º¯Êý,×ÔÓÉʵÏÖ¶à¸öÊýµÄËÄÔòÔËËã
    start:¿ªÊ¼Öµ,¼Ó·¨ÔËËãʱΪ0,¼õ·¨¡¢³Ë·¨¡¢³ý·¨ÔËËãʱΪ0
    ft:º¯ÊýÃû
    """
    result = start_value
    for arg in args:  #
        result = ft(result, arg)
    for value in kwargs.values():
        result = ft(result, value)
    return result


print(sum(1, 3, 5, start = 0, ft = add, a = 1, b = 4, c = 3))  # ¼Ó·¨  17
print(sum(1, 3, 5, start = 1, ft = sub, a = 1, b = 4, c = 3))  # ¼õ·¨  -16
print(sum(1, 3, 5, start = 1, ft = mul, a = 1, b = 4, c = 3))  # ³Ë·¨  180
print(sum(1, 3, 5, start = 1, ft = div, a = 1, b = 4, c = 3))  # ³ý·¨  0.005555555555555556

´Ëʱº¯ÊýsumÒѾ­²»¾ÖÏÞÓÚÒ»¸ö¼Ó·¨º¯Êý,¶øÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÇáËÉ¿ÉÒÔ½øÐÐËÄÔòÔËËãÀïÃæÈκÎÒ»¸ö¼ÆË㷽ʽ¡£ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇ,½«º¯Êý×÷Ϊ²ÎÊýºÍµ÷Óú¯ÊýÊÇÓÐÏÔÖøµÄÇø±ðµÄ,µ÷Óú¯ÊýÐèÒªÔÚº¯ÊýÃûºóÃæ¸úÉÏÔ²À¨ºÅ,¶ø°Ñº¯Êý×÷Ϊ²ÎÊýʱֻÐèÒªº¯ÊýÃû¼´¿É¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Óµ÷python±ê×¼¿âÖÐoperatorÄ£¿é,Ëü¿ÉÒÔÌṩ¼Ó·¨³Ë·¨ÔËËã,ÎÒÃÇÖ±½ÓʹÓü´¿É¡£

Lambdaº¯Êý(ÄäÃûº¯Êý)

Lambdaº¯ÊýÓÖ½ÐÄãÃǺ¯ÊýÊÇÒ»ÖÖûÓк¯ÊýÃûµÄº¯Êý

±í´ïʽ ------- lambda ²ÎÊý1 , ¡­, ²ÎÊýn : Ö´ÐÐÌå

Ö´ÐÐÌåͨ³£ÊÇÒ»¸ö±í´ïʽ,Æä·µ»Øֵͨ³£¾ÍÊÇÔËËã½á¹û

ʵÀý:

def sum(*args, start=0, ft=lambda x, y: x + y, **kwargs):
    result = start
    for arg in args:
        result = ft(result, arg)
    for value in kwargs.values():
        result = ft(result, value)
    return result


# ʹÓÃĬÈϵÄlambdaº¯Êý
print(sum(1, 3, 5, x = 7, y = 9))  # 25
# ÖØж¨Òålanbdaº¯Êý
print(sum(1, 3, 5, x = 7, y = 9, start = 1, ft = lambda x, y: x * y))  # 945

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¼ÓÉÏÀàÃûÀ´¶¨ÒåÀà,ͨ¹ýËõ½øÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÈ·¶¨ÀàµÄ´úÂë¿é,¾ÍÈçͬ¶¨Ò庯ÊýÄÇÑù¡£ÔÚÀàµÄ´úÂë¿éÖÐ,ÎÒÃÇÐèҪдһЩº¯Êý,ÎÒÃÇ˵¹ýÀàÊÇÒ»¸ö³éÏó¸ÅÄî,ÄÇôÕâЩº¯Êý¾ÍÊÇÎÒÃǶÔÒ»Àà¶ÔÏó¹²Í¬µÄ¶¯Ì¬ÌØÕ÷µÄÌáÈ¡¡£Ð´ÔÚÀàÀïÃæµÄº¯ÊýÎÒÃÇͨ³£³Æ֮Ϊ·½·¨,·½·¨¾ÍÊǶÔÏóµÄÐÐΪ,Ò²¾ÍÊǶÔÏó¿ÉÒÔ½ÓÊÕµÄÏûÏ¢¡£·½·¨µÄµÚÒ»¸ö²ÎÊýͨ³£¶¼ÊÇself,Ëü´ú±íÁ˽ÓÊÕÕâ¸öÏûÏ¢µÄ¶ÔÏó±¾Éí¡£

# ¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öѧÉúÀà,ÀïÃæ°üº¬Ñ§Ï°ºÍÍæÁ½¸ö·½·¨
class Student:

    def study(self, name, course):
        print(f'{name}ÕýÔÚѧϰ{course}¡£')

    def play(self, name, game):
        print(f'{name}ÕýÔÚÍæ{game}')

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# ¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öѧÉúÀà,ÀïÃæ°üº¬Ñ§Ï°ºÍÍæÁ½¸ö·½·¨
class Student:

    def study(self, course):
        print(f'ѧϰ{course}¡£')

    def play(self, name, game):
        print(f'Íæ{game}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student1 = Student()  # ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¶ÔÏó,ÃüÃûstudent1
    student2 = Student()  # ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¶ÔÏó,ÃüÃûstudent2

    # µ÷ÓÃѧÉúÀàÖеķ½·¨
    student1.study('ÓïÎÄ')  # ѧϰÓïÎÄ¡£
    student2.study('Êýѧ')  # ѧϰÊýѧ¡£

    student1.play('Á¬Á¬¿´')  # ÍæÁ¬Á¬¿´
    student1.play('ÍÆÏä×Ó')  # ÍæÍÆÏä×Ó

³õʼ»¯·½·¨

ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¸øStudentÀàÌí¼Ó__init__·½·¨µÄ·½Ê½ÎªÑ§Éú¶ÔÏóÖ¸¶¨ÊôÐÔ,ͬʱÍê³É¶ÔÊôÐÔ¸³³õʼֵµÄ²Ù×÷,Õâ¸ö·½·¨·½·¨Í¨³£Ò²±»³ÆΪ³õʼ»¯·½·¨¡£ÎÒÃǶÔÉÏÃæµÄStudentÀàÐÞ¸Ä,¸øѧÉú¶ÔÏóÌí¼Óname(ÐÕÃû)ºÍage(ÄêÁä)Á½¸öÊôÐÔ¡£

# ¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öѧÉúÀà,ÀïÃæ°üº¬Ñ§Ï°ºÍÍæÁ½¸ö·½·¨
class Student:

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def study(self, course):
        print(f'{self.name}ѧϰ{course}¡£')

    def play(self, game):
        print(f'{self.name}Íæ{game}')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student1 = Student('ÕÅÈý', 15)  # ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¶ÔÏó,ÃüÃûstudent1
    student2 = Student('ÀîËÄ', 16)  # ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¶ÔÏó,ÃüÃûstudent2

    # µ÷ÓÃѧÉúÀàÖеķ½·¨
    student1.study('ÓïÎÄ')  # ÕÅÈýѧϰÓïÎÄ¡£
    student2.study('Êýѧ')  # ÀîËÄѧϰÊýѧ¡£

    student1.play('Á¬Á¬¿´')  # ÕÅÈýÍæÁ¬Á¬¿´
    student1.play('ÍÆÏä×Ó')  # ÕÅÈýÍæÍÆÏä×Ó

ÔÚPythonÖÐ,ÒÔÁ½¸öÏ»®Ïß¿ªÍ·ºÍ½áβµÄ·½·¨,ÎÒÃÇÒ»°ã³Æ֮ΪħÊõ·½·¨»òħ·¨·½·¨¡£Í¨¹ý__repr__ħÊõ·½·¨,Èç¹ûÎÒÃÇÔÚ´òÓ¡¶ÔÏóµÄʱºò¿´µ½µÄÊÇÎÒÃÇ×Ô¶¨ÒåµÄÐÅÏ¢,¸Ã·½·¨·µ»ØµÄ×Ö·û´®¾ÍÊÇÓÃprintº¯Êý´òÓ¡¶ÔÏóµÄʱºò»áÏÔʾµÄÄÚÈÝ¡£

# ¶¨ÒåÒ»¸öѧÉúÀà,ÀïÃæ°üº¬Ñ§Ï°ºÍÍæÁ½¸ö·½·¨
class Student:

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def study(self, course):
        print(f'{self.name}ѧϰ{course}¡£')

    def play(self, game):
        print(f'{self.name}Íæ{game}')

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'{self.name}: {self.age}'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student1 = Student('ÕÅÈý', 15)   # ´´½¨Ò»¸ö¶ÔÏó,ÃüÃûstudent1
    print(student1)          # ÕÅÈý: 15
    students = [student1, Student('ÀÏÀîËÄ', 16), Student('ÍõÎå', 25)]
    print(students)         # [ÕÅÈý: 15, ÀÏÀîËÄ: 16, ÍõÎå: 25]
    
   

С³ÌÐò:

class Clock:
    """ʱ¼ä"""

    def __init__(self, hour=0, minute=0, second=0):
        self.second = second
        self.minute = minute
        self.hour = hour

    def run(self):
        self.second += 1
        if self.second == 60:
            self.second = 0
            self.minute += 1
            if self.minute == 60:
                self.minute = 0
                self.hour += 1
                if self.hour == 24:
                    self.hour = 0

    def show(self):
        return f'{self.hour:0>2d}:{self.minute:0>2d}:{self.second:0>2d}'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    clock = Clock(23, 59, 50)
    while True:
        os.system('cls')
        print(clock.show())
        time.sleep(1)
        clock.run()


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