List 列表
1.引出list - 类似数组和结构体的综合 如何通过一个变量存储公司所有员工的名字?
2.列表的功能
创建、查询、切片、增加、修改、删除、循环、排序
3.列表的定义和创建
定义:[ ] 内以逗号分隔,按照索引,存放各种数据类型,每个位置代表一个元素
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list创建1 (推荐)
>>> names = []
>>> names
[]
list创建2
>>> list()
[]
>>> names = list()
>>> names
[]
list创建3
>>> names = list(['alex',1])
>>> names
['alex', 1]
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4.列表的特点和常用操作
特性:
- 可存放多个值
- 按照从左到右的顺序定义列表元素,下标从0开始顺序访问,有序
- 可修改指定索引位置对应的值,可变
5.查询
>>> names = ['alex','jack','shanshan',4,4,5,6,7,7,8,9,4,4]
>>> names[0]
'alex'
>>> names[-1]
4
>>> names[-2]
4
>>> names[-3]
9
>>> names.index(6)
6
>>> names.index(4)
3
>>> i = names.index(6)
>>> names[i]
6
>>> names[names.index(6)]
6
列表的功能方法
>>> dir(names)
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__'
, '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__'
, '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__'
, '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_e
x__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__s
izeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'ex
tend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
>>>
>>> names.count(4)
4
>>> names.count(6)
1
>>> names.count(7)
2
6.切片
>>> names
['alex', 'jack', 'shanshan', 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 4, 4]
>>>
>>> names[0-2]
4
>>> names[0-3]
9
>>> names[0:3]
['alex', 'jack', 'shanshan']
>>>
>>> names
['alex', 'jack', 'shanshan', 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 4, 4]
>>> names[3:0:-1]
[4, 'shanshan', 'jack']
7.增加和修改
追加 插入 尽量少用,顺序存储,会导致大量移位,效率低下 修改 批量修改
8.删除
pop删除最后一个元素 remove() 删除从左找到的第一个值 del 全局删除
9.循环
>>> names
['alex', 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 4, 4]
>>>
>>> for k in names:
... print('loop',k)
...
loop alex
loop 5
loop 6
loop 7
loop 8
loop 9
loop 4
loop 4
>>>
10 range
现在已经学了列表了,那现在同学们来一起创建一个从1-100的列表。
等1分钟,你们都打算怎么创建啊?
是直接从1写到100还是用循环?如果从1写到100未免太傻气了,用循环好像还好一点儿。但是用循环写还不够简单,在python里有一个现成的方法,可以直接生成一个1-100的数。
>>> range(1,100)
range(1, 100)
>>> list(range(1,100))
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83,
84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
>>> list(range(10))
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>> list(range(0,100,2))
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54,
56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98]
python2
>>> range(0,10)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
>>>
>>> for i in range(10):
... print(i)
...
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
>>>
>>> type(range(0,10))
<type 'list'>
python3
>>> range(0,10)
range(0, 10)
>>>
>>> for i in range(10):
... print(i)
...
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
>>> range(0,10)
range(0, 10)
>>>
>>> type(range(0,10))
<class 'range'>
11.排序:按ASCII码值排序
List是有序的 反转
12.clear
n1.clear() n1 []
13.copy
浅拷贝原理 ---- 【重要】,浅拷贝是只拷贝一层(地址)。
14. len,in,split和join
>>> len(l)
3
>>> 'seven' in l
True
>>> 'yuan' in l
False
>>> s = 'hello world'
>>> s.split(' ')
['hello', 'world']
>>> s2= 'hello,world'
>>> s2.split(',')
>>> l = ['hi','eva']
>>> '!'.join(l)
'hi!eva'
15.深copy,浅copy
浅copy
>>> n1
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', 'jack']]
>>> n2 = n1.copy()
>>> n2
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', 'jack']]
>>> id(n1)
12269064
>>> id(n2)
12269704
>>> n1[-1][-1] = 'tom'
>>> n1
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', 'tom']]
>>> n2
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', 'tom']]
>>> id(n1[-1])
12269512
>>> id(n2[-1])
12269512
或者
>>> import copy
>>> n1
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', 'tom']]
>>> n3 = copy.copy(n1)
>>> n3
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', 'tom']]
>>> n1[-1][-1] = '1111'
>>> n1
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', '1111']]
>>> n3
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', '1111']]
深copy ,比较浪费内存
>>> n1
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', '1111']]
>>> n4 = copy.deepcopy(n1)
>>> n4
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', '1111']]
>>> n1[-1][-1] = '222'
>>> n1
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', '222']]
>>> n4
['a', 'b', 'c', ['alex', '1111']]
>>> id(n1[-1])
12269512
>>> id(n4[-1])
12269960
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