前言
因为作者刚开始真正地去学python,该游戏作为第一个项目,真的很用心的对每一处代码都进行了注释,该程序也可以完美运行。可以通过阅读我的代码注释,了解整个小项目,甚至可以随意添加一些自己的想法。(本环境为python3.70,pygame2.0.1)
一、准备工作
1.Pygame的安装
本游戏是基于pygame制作的,因此第一步是要安装pygame。可以直接打开Anaconda Prompt,激活相应的虚拟环境,通过下列代码便可完成安装。
pip install pygame
2.素材
该游戏除了主体,还需要三样东西:1、飞船和外星人的照片 2、击打音效 3、显示中文所需的字体。 其中,1、照片很好搞,搞到之后用系统的画图直接将背景改成游戏的背景色即可。2、击打音效自己录制就可以,但是需要注意:如果录制的声音源格式不是wav的,需要使用 Audacity (下载链接: https://pc.qq.com/search.html#!keyword=Audacity)另存为wav格式即可使用 pygame.mixer.Sound()正常加载。 步骤如下: a、打开Audacity,选择文件–>导入–>音频,选择你需要转换的音频。 b、选择文件–>导出–>WAV即可。 3、中文显示字体,可查看我的上一篇文章说明搞定。 PS:high_score_record.txt是为了重启游戏仍能够保留最高分存在的,第一次运行程序便可自动生成。
3.操作说明
左右键可控制飞船左右移动;空格键发生子弹;Q键退出游戏;P键开始游戏
二、游戏运行效果
射击、击杀和死亡是可以正常发出声音的,下面两幅图是游戏中的截图。
三、飞船大战源代码
1.主体(main.py)【运行】
import sys
from time import sleep
import pygame
from setting import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from ship import Ship
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboard
class AlienInvasion:
'''管理游戏资源和行为的类'''
def __init__(self):
'''初始化游戏并创造游戏类'''
pygame.init()
self.settings = Settings()
'''全屏游戏的设置
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode((0,0),pygame.FULLSCREEN)
self.settings.screen_width = self.screen.get_rect().width
self.settings.screen_height = self.screen.get_rect().height
'''
self.screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
(self.settings.screen_width,self.settings.screen_height)
)
pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")
self.stats = GameStats(self)
self.sb = Scoreboard(self)
self.ship = Ship(self)
self.bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.aliens = pygame.sprite.Group()
self._creat_fleet()
self.play_button = Button(self, "开始")
self.bullet_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sound/bullet.wav")
self.bullet_sound.set_volume(0.2)
self.hit_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sound/hit.wav")
self.hit_sound.set_volume(0.2)
self.dead_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound("sound/dead.wav")
self.dead_sound.set_volume(0.2)
def run_game(self):
'''开始游戏主循环'''
while True:
self._check_events()
self._update_screen()
if self.stats.game_active:
self.ship.update()
self._update_bullets()
self._update_aliens()
def _creat_fleet(self):
'''创建外星人群'''
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
available_space_x = self.settings.screen_width - (2 * alien_width)
number_aliens_x = available_space_x // (2 * alien_width)
ship_height = self.ship.rect.height
available_space_y = (self.settings.screen_height -
(3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
number_row = available_space_y // (2 * alien_height)
for row_number in range(number_row):
for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
self._creat_alien(alien_number, row_number)
def _creat_alien(self,alien_number, row_number):
'''创建一个外星人并将其放在当前行上'''
alien = Alien(self)
alien_width, alien_height = alien.rect.size
alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number
alien.rect.x = alien.x
alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
self.aliens.add(alien)
def _check_fleet_edges(self):
'''右外星人到达边缘就采用相应的措施'''
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.check_edges():
self._change_fleet_direction()
break
def _change_fleet_direction(self):
'''将整体外星人下移,并改变他们的方向'''
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
alien.rect.y += self.settings.fleet_drop_speed
self.settings.fleet_direction *= -1
def _check_events(self):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
self._exit_game()
elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
'''此举会因为按一下方向键右键,而使飞船右移动一个像素,效率较低,姑去ship设置新变量
通过标志的TorF来使飞船实现持续移动
self.ship.rect.x +=1'''
self.ship.moving_right = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = True
elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
if len(self.bullets) < self.settings.bullet_allowed:
self.bullet_sound.play()
new_bullet = Bullet(self)
self.bullets.add(new_bullet)
elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
self._exit_game()
elif event.key == pygame.K_p:
self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.prep_level()
self.sb.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._creat_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
self.ship.moving_right = False
elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
self.ship.moving_left = False
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
mouse_pos = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
self._check_play_button(mouse_pos)
def _check_play_button(self, mouse_pos):
'''在玩家单击Play按钮时开始新游戏'''
button_clicked = self.play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_pos)
if button_clicked and not self.stats.game_active:
self.settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
self.stats.reset_stats()
self.stats.game_active = True
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.prep_level()
self.sb.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._creat_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
def _update_screen(self):
self.screen.fill(self.settings.bg_color)
self.ship.blitme()
self.aliens.draw(self.screen)
for bullet in self.bullets.sprites():
bullet.draw_bullet()
self.sb.show_score()
if not self.stats.game_active:
self.play_button.draw_button()
pygame.display.flip()
def _update_bullets(self):
'''更新子弹位置并删除消失窗口的子弹'''
self.bullets.update()
for bullet in self.bullets.copy():
if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:
self.bullets.remove(bullet)
self._check_bullet_alien_collisions()
def _check_bullet_alien_collisions(self):
collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(
self.bullets,self.aliens,True,True
)
if collisions:
self.hit_sound.play()
for aliens in collisions.values():
self.stats.score += self.settings.alien_point * len(aliens)
self.sb.prep_score()
self.sb.check_high_score()
if not self.aliens:
self.bullets.empty()
self._creat_fleet()
self.settings.increase_speed()
self.stats.level +=1
self.sb.prep_level()
def _update_aliens(self):
'''检查外星人是否位于屏幕边缘,并更新外星人的位置'''
self._check_fleet_edges()
self.aliens.update()
if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(self.ship,self.aliens):
self._ship_hit()
self._check_aliens_bottom()
def _ship_hit(self):
'''响应飞船被外星人碰撞(先看有没有命,没命了就结束)'''
if self.stats.ships_left > 0:
self.stats.ships_left -= 1
self.sb.prep_ships()
self.aliens.empty()
self.bullets.empty()
self._creat_fleet()
self.ship.center_ship()
sleep(1)
else:
self.stats.game_active = False
self.dead_sound.play()
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
def _check_aliens_bottom(self):
'''检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底部'''
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
for alien in self.aliens.sprites():
if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
self._ship_hit()
break
def _exit_game(self):
'''退出游戏时,将最高得分记录给记忆,下次打开时仍有该记录'''
with open('high_score_record.txt','w') as file_object:
file_object.write(str(self.stats.high_score))
sys.exit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
ai = AlienInvasion()
ai.run_game()
2.外星人(alien.py)
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Alien(Sprite):
'''表示单个外星人的类'''
def __init__(self, ai_game):
'''初始化外星人并设置其初始位置'''
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.x = self.rect.width
self.rect.y = self.rect.height
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
def check_edges(self):
'''如果外星人位于屏幕边缘,就返回True'''
screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right or self.rect.left <= 0:
return True
def update(self):
'''向右移动外星人'''
self.x += (self.settings.alien_speed * self.settings.fleet_direction)
self.rect.x = self.x
3.子弹(bullet.py)
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Bullet(Sprite):
''' 管理飞船发射子弹的类 '''
def __init__(self,ai_game):
'''在飞船的当前位置创建一个子弹的对象'''
super().__init__()
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.color = ai_game.settings.bullet_color
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.settings.bullet_width,
self.settings.bullet_height)
self.rect.midtop = ai_game.ship.rect.midtop
self.y = float(self.rect.y)
def update(self):
'''向上移动子弹'''
self.y -= self.settings.bullet_speed
self.rect.y = self.y
def draw_bullet(self):
'''在屏幕上绘制子弹'''
pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)
4.飞船(ship.py)
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
class Ship(Sprite):
'''管理飞船的类'''
def __init__(self,ai_game):
super().__init__()
'''初始化飞船并设置其初始位置'''
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.setting = ai_game.settings
self.screen_rect = ai_game.screen.get_rect()
self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
self.moving_right = False
self.moving_left = False
def blitme(self):
'''在指定位置绘制飞船'''
self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
def update(self):
'''根据移动标志来调整飞船的位置(加个and是防止飞到窗口外面)'''
if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
self.x += self.setting.ship_speed
if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:
self.x -= self.setting.ship_speed
self.rect.x = self.x
def center_ship(self):
'''放置飞船在屏幕底部中央'''
self.rect.midbottom = self.screen_rect.midbottom
self.x = float(self.rect.x)
5.设置(setting.py)
class Settings:
'''储存游戏中所有设置的类'''
def __init__(self):
'''初始化游戏的静态设置'''
self.screen_width = 1200
self.screen_height = 750
self.bg_color = (230,230,230)
self.ship_limit = 3
self.bullet_width = 3
self.bullet_height = 15
self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60)
self.bullet_allowed = 3
self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
self.fleet_direction = 1
self.speedup_scale = 1.1
self.score_scale = 1.5
self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
'''初始化随游戏进行变化的设置'''
self.ship_speed = 1.5
self.bullet_speed = 3.0
self.alien_speed = 1.0
self.fleet_direction = 1
self.alien_point = 50
def increase_speed(self):
'''提高速度设置和外星人分数'''
self.ship_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.bullet_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_speed *= self.speedup_scale
self.alien_point = int(self.alien_point * self.score_scale)
6.画面上方的各项计分板(scoreboard.py)
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Ship
class Scoreboard:
'''显示得分信息的类'''
def __init__(self,ai_game):
'''初始化显示得分设计的属性'''
self.ai_game = ai_game
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.stats = ai_game.stats
self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
self.font = pygame.font.Font('楷体_GB2312.ttf', 30)
self.prep_score()
self.prep_high_score()
self.prep_level()
self.prep_ships()
def prep_score(self):
'''将得分转化为一幅渲染的图片'''
rounded_score = round(self.stats.score, -1)
score_str ="得分:"+ "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
self.score_image = self.font.render(
score_str, True, self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color
)
self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
self.score_rect.top = 20
def show_score(self):
'''在屏幕上显示得分、最高分、等级和余下的飞船数'''
self.screen.blit(self.score_image,self.score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)
self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)
self.ships.draw(self.screen)
def prep_high_score(self):
'''将最高得分转换为渲染的图像'''
high_score = round(self.stats.high_score, -1)
high_score_str = "历史最高得分:"+"{:,}".format(high_score)
self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True,
self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color)\
self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
self.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.top
def check_high_score(self):
'''检查是否诞生了新的最高分'''
if self.stats.score > self.stats.high_score:
self.stats.high_score = self.stats.score
self.prep_high_score()
def prep_level(self):
'''将等级转换为渲染的图像。'''
level_str = "等级:"+str(self.stats.level)
self.level_image = self.font.render(level_str, True
, self.text_color, self.settings.bg_color)
self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()
self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.right
self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10
def prep_ships(self):
'''显示还余下多少艘飞船,即显示飞船的剩余命数'''
self.ships = Group()
for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
ship = Ship(self.ai_game)
ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
ship.rect.y = 10
self.ships.add(ship)
7.游戏内的统计信息(game_stats.py)
class GameStats:
'''跟踪游戏的统计信息'''
def __init__(self,ai_game):
'''初始化统计信息'''
self.settings = ai_game.settings
self.reset_stats()
self.game_active = False
self.high_score = 0
self._update_high_score()
def reset_stats(self):
'''初始化在游戏运行期间可以变化的统计信息'''
self.ships_left = self.settings.ship_limit
self.score = 0
self.level = 1
def _update_high_score(self):
with open('high_score_record.txt') as file_object:
self.high_score = int(file_object.read())
if not self.high_score:
self.high_score = 0
8.开始按钮(button.py)
import pygame.font
class Button:
def __init__(self, ai_game, msg):
'''初始化按钮的属性'''
self.screen = ai_game.screen
self.screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
self.width, self.height = 200, 50
self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)
self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
self.font = pygame.font.Font('楷体_GB2312.ttf', 30)
self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
self._prep_msg(msg)
def _prep_msg(self,msg):
'''将msg渲染为图像,并使其在按钮上居中'''
self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color,
self.button_color)
self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
def draw_button(self):
self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)
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