孔乙己说:回字有四种写法。
飘乙己也说,list转tree也有4种写法,你用的是哪种?
需求场景
有下面一张区域表,典型的树形结构设计。
现前端需要后端返回树形数据结构用于构造展示树。
本篇文章我们就来介绍一下在这种场景下后端构建树形数据结构,也就是通过list转tree的4种写法。
代码实战
- 首先我们根据数据库结构创建实体对象
@Data
public class Platform {
private String id;
private String parentId;
private String name;
private String platformCode;
private List<Platform> children;
public Platform(String id, String platformCode,String parentId, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.parentId = parentId;
this.name = name;
this.platformCode = platformCode;
}
}
- 为了便于演示我们就不连接数据库,而是直接使用Junit5的
@BeforeEach 注解初始化一份结构数据。
public class PlatformTest {
private final List<Platform> platformList = Lists.newArrayList();
private ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
@BeforeEach
private void init(){
Platform platform0 = new Platform("1","001","0","集团");
Platform platform1 = new Platform("2","QYPT001","1","销委会");
Platform platform2 = new Platform("3","QYPT002","2","吉龙大区");
Platform platform3 = new Platform("4","QYPT003","2","江苏大区");
Platform platform4 = new Platform("5","QYPT004","4","南京分区");
Platform platform5 = new Platform("6","QYPT005","1","教育BG");
Platform platform6 = new Platform("7","QYPT006","6","华南大区");
Platform platform7 = new Platform("8","QYPT007","6","华东大区");
platformList.add(platform0);
platformList.add(platform1);
platformList.add(platform2);
platformList.add(platform3);
platformList.add(platform4);
platformList.add(platform5);
platformList.add(platform6);
platformList.add(platform7);
}
}
最无节操的写法
这种写法毫无节操可言,全部通过数据库递归查询。
- 首先查到根节点,parent_id = 0
- 通过根节点id获取到所有一级节点,parent_id = 1
- 递归获取所有节点的子节点,然后调用setChildren()方法组装数据结构。
这种写法我就不展示了,辣眼睛。都2021年了我见过不止一次在项目中出现这种写法。
双重循环
这种写法比较简单,也是比较容易想到的。通过双重循环确定父子节点的关系。
@SneakyThrows
@Test
public void test1(){
System.out.println(platformList.size());
List<Platform> result = Lists.newArrayList();
for (Platform platform : platformList) {
if(platform.getParentId().equals("0")){
result.add(platform);
}
for(Platform child : platformList){
if(child.getParentId().equals(platform.getId())){
platform.addChild(child);
}
}
}
System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(result));
}
同时需要给Platform添加一个addChild() 的方法。
public void addChild(Platform platform){
if(children == null){
children = new ArrayList<>();
}
children.add(platform);
}
双重遍历
第一次遍历借助hashmap存储父节点与子节点的关系,第二次遍历设置子节点,由于map中已经维护好了对应关系所以只需要从map取即可。
@SneakyThrows
@Test
public void test2(){
Map<String, List<Platform>> platformMap = new HashMap<>();
platformList.forEach(platform -> {
List<Platform> children = platformMap.getOrDefault(platform.getParentId(), new ArrayList<>());
children.add(platform);
platformMap.put(platform.getParentId(),children);
});
platformList.forEach(platform -> platform.setChildren(platformMap.get(platform.getId())));
List<Platform> result = platformList.stream().filter(v -> v.getParentId().equals("0")).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(result));
}
Stream 分组
@SneakyThrows
@Test
public void test4(){
Map<String, List<Platform>> groupMap = platformList.stream().collect(Collectors.groupingBy(Platform::getParentId));
platformList.forEach(platform -> platform.setChildren(groupMap.get(platform.getId())));
List<Platform> collect = platformList.stream()
.filter(platform -> platform.getParentId().equals("0")).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(collect));
}
此处主要通过Collectors.groupingBy(Platform::getParentId) 方法对platformList 按照parentId 进行分组,分组后父节点相同的都放一起了。
然后再循环platformList ,给其设置children属性。
执行完成后已经形成了多颗树,最后我们再通过filter() 方法挑选出根节点的那颗树即可。
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