开发: C++知识库 Java知识库 JavaScript Python PHP知识库人工智能区块链大数据移动开发嵌入式开发工具数据结构与算法开发测试游戏开发网络协议系统运维
教程: HTML教程 CSS教程 JavaScript教程 Go语言教程 JQuery教程 VUE教程 VUE3教程 Bootstrap教程 SQL数据库教程 C语言教程 C++教程 Java教程 Python教程 Python3教程 C#教程
数码: 电脑笔记本显卡显示器固态硬盘硬盘耳机手机 iphone vivo oppo 小米华为单反装机图拉丁

-> Python知识库 -> Python II Basics [C] -> 正文阅读

[Python知识库]Python II Basics [C]

Python II Basics [C]

Python II Basics [C]

Python II Basics [C]

请添加图片描述

Notes from techwithtim and pythonbasics

Python beginner

built in function

Variables & Data Types

Integer: “int”
Float: “float” : add .0 to make int loat
String: “str”
Boolean: “bool”

>>> var='hello'
>>> print(var,'!')
hello !

Basic Operators & Input

input()
var= input(‘ask’)

name=input('name:')
print('hello ',name)

operators:

+  # addition 
-  # subtraction
/  # division
*  # multiplication 
** # exponential
// # integer division (removes decimal portion)
%  # modulus (gives remainder of division)

order of operation: Brackets> Exponents> Multiplication> Division> Addition>Subtraction>Comparison Operators
Strings: + : concat, * : repeat

str1='hello'+ 'world'
str2='python'*3
print(str1)
print(str2)

convert type : type(var)


num='333'
num2=int(num)
print(type(num))
print(type(num2))

Conditions

Comparison Operators

<   # less than
<=  # less than or equal to
>   # greater than
>=  # greater than or equal to
==  # equal to
!=  # not equal to

must be the same type to compare
== can be used with string

x=4
y=5

print(x==y-1)
print(x!=y-1)

IF/ELIF/ELSE

if , elif, else

x=int(input('enter num 1-10:'))
y=5

if x<y:
    print('x<y')
elif x>y:
    print('x>y')
else:
    print('you win')

Chained Conditionals & Nested Statements

and, or , not

print((True or False) and False)
print((True or False) and True)

nested statements

ans=input('num 1-10:')
if int(ans)>=5:
    ans=input('a or b or c:')
    if ans== 'c':
       print('cool')
    else:
        print('not cool')
else:
    print('too low')

For Loops

for x in range(num)
range(start, stop, step)
range default start with 0

for x in range(10):
    print(x)

print('___________')
for x in range(3,10):
    print(x)
print('___________')

for x in range(3,10,2):
    print(x)

While Loops

while condition==true: do something …condition: break…

while True:
    i=input('num 1-10:')
    if i=='5':
        break
    print('loop')

Lists and Tuples

Lists use square brackets [list]
add by assigning value into the index location
append: add to the end
remove(‘value’), remove lower index num, remove 1 item only
del var[index]

append()	Adds an element at the end of the list
clear()	Removes all the elements from the list
copy()	Returns a copy of the list
count()	Returns the number of elements with the specified value
extend()	Add the elements of a list (or any iterable), to the end of the current list
index()	Returns the index of the first element with the specified value
insert()	Adds an element at the specified position
pop()	Removes the element at the specified position
remove()	Removes the first item with the specified value
reverse()	Reverses the order of the list
sort()	Sorts the list

list1=['a',22,4.0,True]
print(list1)
print(list1[0])
list1[0]='new'
print(list1)
list1.append('new')
print(list1)
list1.remove('new')
print (list1)
del list1[0]
print(list1)

Tuple : sets
immutable: cannot change value of a tuple, ~~append, remove, del, index add,~~

tup=(1,'a',True,3.3)
print(tup)
print(tup[0])

Iteration by Item (For Loops Continued)

For item in list: loop
colletions: String, List, Tuple

l=[1,2,'hi']
count=0
for item in l:
    print(item)
    count+=1
print (count)

String Methods

.strip() clear while spaces at beginning and end of string
.split() returns list of substrings
.lower() lower case
.upper() upper case
len() * function*

str1='   Hello world !      '
print(str1)
print(len(str1))
print(str1.strip())
lstr=str1.split()
print(lstr)
print(str1.lower())
print(str1.upper())
str1=str1.strip()
print(len(str1))

Slice Operator

used for String, list
String[start:stop:step]
String[:stop]
String[start:]
String[::step]

str1='Hello world !'
print(len(str1))
print(str1[1:])
print(str1[:5])
print(str1[::2])
print(str1[1:5:2])

use slice to insert
strings are inserted as individual characters

list1=['a',22,4.0,True]
print(len(list1))
list1[1:1]='AB'
print(list1)

negative index
list, tuple, string
[::-1] reverses

list1=['a',22,4.0,True]
print(list1)
print(list1[-1])
print(list1[-2])
print(list1[-3])
print(list1[-4])
print(list1[::-1])
print(list1[:-1])
print(list1[:-2])
print(list1[:-3])

Functions

def functName(param): … return result
functName(input) call

def addTwo(x):
    print('x+2')
    return x+2

print(addTwo(3))
addTwo(3)

File IO (Reading Files)

file=open(‘file path’, ‘r’)
data=f.readlines()
data is a list of strings


f=open('file.txt','r')
data=f.readlines()
print(type(data))
print(data)
for line in data:
    print(type(line))
    lineStripped=line.strip()
    print(lineStripped)

File IO(Writing Files)

file=open(‘file path’, ‘w’)
file.write(data)
file.close()

f=open('file2.txt','w')
data=['hello','hello2','hello3']
for line in data:
    f.write(line + '\n')
f.close()

List Methods (.count/in;/index)

.count(): count elements
in: return boolean
index(item) : return index

list1=['a',22,4.0,True,'a',22,4.0,True]
print(list1.count('a'))
print(22 in list1)
print(list1.index(True))

Introduction to Modular Programming

import module.py
each function can return multiple values

# module1.py

def func(x):
    return x+2

def func1(y):
    return y*2

#import module1

#value=module1.func(5)
print (func(3))
print (func1(3))

Error Handling (Try/Except)

try except

num=input('add 5, enter :')

try:
    addNum=int(num)+5
    print(addNum)
except:
    print('that''s not a number')

Global vs Local

global ,not good to use, hard to follow code

x=13 
print(x)

def func1():
    global y
    y=7
    print('func1',y)
    global x # replaces x
    x=5
    print('func1',x)

y=12
print(y)
func1()
print(x)
print(y)

Classes and Objects

type(): find type for object

print(type('aaa'))
print(type(123))
print(type(22.0))
print(type([1,3]))
print(type(True))
print(type((1,2)))
print(type({3,4}))

class
def _ init_(self)

class Number:
    def __init__(self):
        self.var=22

    def display(self):
        print(self.var)

new=Number()
new.display()

Python Intermediate

Optional Parameters

def myFunct(x,y=6):
    print(x+y)

#myFunc()# must pass x
myFunct(12)
myFunct(10,10)

Static & Class Methods

@staticmethod

class Music:

    @staticmethod 
    def play(): #no self required
        print( 'playing static')
    
    def stop(self):
        print('stop')

Music.play() # does not need to create object
obj=Music()
obj.stop()

@classMethod
classMethod()

class Fruit:
    name='fruit'
    
    def printName2(cls):
        print('name:',cls.name)

    @classmethod 
    def printName(cls): #no self declared, refers to class instead
        print('name:',cls.name)



        
Fruit.printName() #does not need to create an object for instantiation
apple=Fruit()
apple.name='apple'
apple.printName()
Fruit.name='apple'#must declare param with class name
apple.printName()

Fruit.printAge=classmethod(Fruit.printName2)#declare in main code
Fruit.printAge()

Map() Function

map(functionName,Parameters)

def f1(x):
    return x+x

nums=[1,2,3,4,5]
newList=list(map(f1,nums))
print(newList)

Filter() Function

Filter(functionName,Params)
returns param if set condition is true

def isOne(x):
    return x==1

nums=[1,1,2,1,2,3,1,2,3,4]
newList=list(filter(isOne,nums))
print(newList)

Lambda Functions

anonymous function
performs one line functions

func=lambda x,y:x+y
print(func(3,4))

lambda with filter and map

L=[1,2,3,4,5]
newL=list(filter(lambda x: x>3,L))
newL2=list(map(lambda x:x+1,L))
print(newL)
print(newL2)

Collections/Counter()

import collections
Counter(param) :works like a dictionary
counts number of occurences

import collections
from collections import Counter

c=Counter('hello')
print(c)
print(c['l'])

.most_common(n)
.subtract(collection)
.update(collection)
.clear()

import collections
from collections import Counter

c=Counter([1,2,3,4,5,4,3,2,1,2])
d=[1,2,3]
print(c)
print(c.most_common(1))
print(c.most_common(2))

c.subtract(d)
print(c)

c.update(d)
print(c)

c.clear()
print(c)

Collections/namedtuple()

from collections import namedtuple
give names to the elements within a tuple object
namedtuple(‘tName’,'name1,name2…‘）

import collections
from collections import namedtuple

Point=namedtuple('name1','p1,p2,px')
p=Point(1,2,3)
print(p)
print(p.p1)
print(p.px)

Collections/Deque(deck)

from collections import deque
deque typically used to perform on the beginning and end of a list
append(), appendleft()
pop(),popleft()

import collections
from collections import deque

d=deque('hello')
print(d)

#d is now deque

d.appendleft(5)
print(d)
d.append(4)#right
print(d)
print(d.pop())#right
print(d.popleft())#left

OOP

Introduction to Objects

instance: new obj
method: function specific to an obj .method()
attribute: specification for an obj

Creating Classes

init(self)
self

class Dog():
    def __init__(self,name,age): #constructor method1, automatically called
        print('dog created')
        self.name=name # attribute
        self.age=age
        #pass (empty method)

    def speak(self): #method2 # no need to pass name b/c included in obj
        print(self.name)
        print(self.age)

    def change_age(self,age):
        self.age=age

p1=Dog('puppy1',1)
p2=Dog('puppy2',2)
p1.speak()
p2.speak()
p1.age=9
p1.speak()

Inheritance

can inherit other classes: child, subclass, derived , concrete
allow inheritance: parent, super, abstract
overriding methods, child class with same name attributes override attributes in parent class

class Animal():
    def __init__(self,name,age): #constructor method1, automatically called
        print('animal created')
        self.name=name
        self.age=age
        #pass (empty method)

    def speak(self): #method2 # no need to pass name b/c included in obj
        print(self.name)
        print(self.age)

    def change_age(self,age):
        self.age=age

class Dog(Animal): #inherit from Animal
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        super().__init__(name,age) #attributes from parent
        self.type='dog' #specific to dog attribute

    def speak(self):
        print('dog created')
        print(self.name)
        print(self.age)


p1=Dog('puppy1',1)
p2=Dog('puppy2',2)
p1.speak()
p2.speak()
p1.age=9
p1.speak()

Overloading Methods

overload +,-, *, //, ==, with add, sub, mul,div, eq
overload >, >=, <,<=, with gt, ge, lt, le
overload str is toString
getter, setter : def getItem(self):return self.item, def setItem(self):self.item=item

class Point():
    def __init__(self, x=0,y=0):
        self.x=x
        self.y=y
        self.coords=(self.x,self.y)
    def move(self, x, y):
        return Point(self.x+x,self.y+y)

    def __eq__(self,other): #overload default method
        return self.x==other.x and self.y==other.y
    def __add__(self,other):
        return Point(self.x+other.x,self.y+other.y)
    def __sub__(self,other):
        return Point(self.x-other.x,self.y-other.y)
    def __mul__(self,other):
        return Point(self.x*other.x, self.y*other.y)
    def __div__(a, b):
        return a/b

    def length(self):
        import math
        return math.sqrt(self.x**2+self.y**2)
    
    def __gt__(self, other):
        return self.length()>other.length()
    def __ge__(self, other):
        return self.length()>=other.length()

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.length()<other.length()

    def __le__(self, other):
        return self.length()>=other.length()

    def __str__(self): #toString
        return "Point("+str(self.x)+','+str(self.y)+')'    

p1=Point(1,1)
p2=Point(1,2)
p3=Point(2,1)
p4=Point(1,1)

same=p1==p2 #==  is __eq__
print(same)
same=p1==p4
print(same)

pMove=p1.move(1,1)
print(p1)
print(pMove)


p5=p1+p2
p6=p1-p2
p7=p1*p2
p8=Point((p2.x)/2,(p2.y)/2)

print(p5) # <__main__.Point object at 0x0000002E3ABB9040> must overload string
print(p6)
print(p7)
print(p8)

print(p1)
Less=p1<p4
print(Less)
Less=p1<=p4
print(Less)

Private and Public Classes

no private classes in python
_ used to simulate private

class _Private:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name=name
        print(self.name+'private')

class NotPrivate:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.name=name
        self.priv=_Private(name) #can call private
        print(self.name)


    def _display(self):
        print('private')

    def display(self):
        print('public')



x=NotPrivate('bob')
x._display()
x.display()

Thread

What is a Thread?

process (ram memory location (CPU)) of different threads run on multiple cores (parallel), multithread allows one thread to wait while inactive while an active thread to take over the memory location for its task

Creating New Threads

import threading
threading.Thread
import time
threading.Thread.init(self)
thread1.start()
thread1.join()
The thread.join() function force the program to wait for the execution of the thread to complete before it can be closed.

import threading
import time

class myThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID=threadID
        self.name=name
        self.counter=counter

    def run(self):
        print('Start:' + self.name+'\n')
        print_time(self.name,self.counter, 5)
        print('Exit: '+self.name+'\n')


def print_time(threadName, delay,counter):
    while counter:
        time.sleep(delay)
        print('%s: %s %s'%(threadName, time.ctime(time.time()), counter)+'\n')
        counter-=1

#create new threads
t1=myThread(1, 't1', 1)
t2=myThread(2,'t2', 1.5)

t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
print('exit main thread')

ThreadPoolExecutor
no need for start(), join()
with cocurrent.futures

import concurrent.futures
import time

def t1():
    print('t1 started')
    time.sleep(1)
    print('t1 ended')

def t2():
    print('t2 started')
    time.sleep(1)
    print('t2 ended')

print ('start!')

with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as executor:
    executor.submit(t1)
    executor.submit(t2)

print('end!')

Synchronizing and Locking Threads

race condition:
2 or more threads access a set of shared data or resources, creating inconsistent results
both threads refer to the same resource, both performed for that thread thus one is lost to the other one ( two ppl booked the same ticket, then not enough tickets were made)
solve race conditions with locks
wait for another thread to finish before another thread start
examples: verify credit/debit card, sending confirmation or shipping details in emials, load automatic reply, redirecting to main website
locking
threadLock=threading.lock()
threadLock.acquire()
threadLock.release()
time.sleep(1) # sleep for a second

import threading
import time

class myThread(threading.Thread):
    def __init__(self, threadID, name, counter):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.threadID=threadID
        self.name=name
        self.counter=counter

    def run(self):
        print('Start:' + self.name+'\n')
        threadLock.acquire()
        print_time(self.name,self.counter, 5)
        threadLock.release()
        print('Exit: '+self.name+'\n')


def print_time(threadName, delay,counter):
    while counter:
        time.sleep(delay)
        print('%s: %s %s'%(threadName, time.ctime(time.time()), counter)+'\n')
        counter-=1

#create new threads

threadLock=threading.Lock()
        
t1=myThread(1, 't1', 1)
t2=myThread(2,'t2', 1.5)

t1.start()
t2.start()
t1.join()
t2.join()
print('exit main thread')

Deadlock

Thread 1: Acquire and hold L1. (L1-lock)
Thread 2: Acquire and hold L2.
Thread 1: Try to acquire L2, but it’s in use, so wait.
Thread 2: Try to acquire L1, but it’s in use, so wait.
use Queue to solve deadlock

Daemon Threads

Daemon threads runs in the backgorund, executes independently of the main thread ( non-blocking threads)
automatically stops when main thread finishes
usually for logging or other background tasks

Advanced

Virtualenv

open cmd as admin
check path

>echo %PATH%

pip install virtual environment

>pip install virtualenv

>virtualenv myEnv
C:\Windows\System32>virtualenv myEnv
created virtual environment CPython3.9.7.final.0-64 in 9116ms
  creator CPython3Windows(dest=C:\Windows\System32\myEnv, clear=False, no_vcs_ig
nore=False, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle
, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv)
    added seed packages: pip==21.2.4, setuptools==58.0.4, wheel==0.37.0
  activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerSh
ellActivator,PythonActivator

C:\Windows\System32>myEnv\Scripts\activate

(myEnv) C:\Windows\System32>deactivate
C:\Windows\System32>

Enumerate

list

#create sequence
seq1=['a1','b2','c3','d4']
#iterate using enumerate()
for i, j in enumerate(seq1):
    print(i,j)
# enumerate converts seq1 to list
list1=list(enumerate(seq1))
print (list1)

string
tuple

#create sequence of tuples
seq1=[(9,'a1'),(8,'b2'),(7,'c3'),(6,'d4')]
#iterate using enumerate()
for i, j in enumerate(seq1):
    print(i,j)
print('---------------')
#iterate using enumerate()
for i, j in enumerate(seq1,start=2):
    print(i,j)

print('---------------')

# enumerate converts list
list1=list(enumerate(seq1))
print (list1)
print('---------------')


fruit='apple'
for i,j in enumerate(fruit):
    print(i,j)

Pickle

Pickling is a method to convert an object (list, dict, etc) to a file and vice versa
serialize obj


import pickle

exampleObj={'A':1,'B':2,'C':3}

fileObj=open('data.obj','wb')
pickle.dump(exampleObj, fileObj)
fileObj.close()

deserialize obj


import pickle

fileObj=open('data.obj','rb')
exampleObj=pickle.load(fileObj)
fileObj.close()
print(exampleObj)

Regular Expressions

Numpy

Introduction

install in window command

> pip install numpy

np.array([list…])
.shape
[0,0] index
.size
.ndim
np.append(array,item)
np.delete(array, index)

import numpy as np


arr=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]) #create numpy array with a list
print(arr)

print('shape',arr.shape)#shape : num of elements in each dimension 2 x 3 
print('[1,1]',arr[1,1]) #index
print('size',arr.size) #size : num of items
print('ndim',arr.ndim) # dimension : num of y
arr=np.delete(arr,0)#flattens array into 1 dim
print(arr)
print('shape',arr.shape)#shape : num of elements in each dimension 
print('ndim',arr.ndim) # dimension : num of y
arr=np.append(arr,7) #flattens array into 1 dim
print (arr)
print('shape',arr.shape)#shape : num of elements in each dimension
print('ndim',arr.ndim) # dimension : num of y

Array Creation

np.zeros(shape)

import numpy as np

arr = np.zeros((2,3))
print(arr)

np.ones(shape)

import numpy as np

arr = np.ones((2,3))
print(arr)

np.arrange()

import numpy as np

arr = np.arange(10)
print(arr)

arr=np.arange(2,10,3)
print(arr)

arr=np.arange(2,3,.1)
print(arr)

.linspace(start,stop, values)

import numpy as np

arr = np.linspace(0,4,2) # step value in 0 to 4
print(arr)

arr = np.linspace(0,4,3) # step value in 0 to 4
print(arr)

arr = np.linspace(0,4,4) # step value in 0 to 4
print(arr)


arr = np.linspace(0,4,5) # step value in 0 to 4
print(arr)

arr = np.linspace(0,4,6) # step value in 0 to 4
print(arr)

np.full(shape, value) # fill

import numpy as np

arr = np.full((2,2),8)
print(arr)

np.eye(size) #identity matrix (sinister )

import numpy as np

arr = np.eye(3)
print(arr)

np.random.random(size) # 0 ->1

import numpy as np

arr = np.random.random((2,3))
print(arr)

dtype=type

import numpy as np

arr = np.ones((3,3),dtype=int)
print(arr)
print(type(arr[0,0]))


arr=np.zeros((2,2),dtype=str)

print(type(arr[0,0]))

Array Math

addition: + or np.add()
subtraction: - or np.subtract()
multiplication: * or np.multiply()
division: / or np.divide()
square root: np.sqrt()

import numpy as np

x=np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
y=np.array([[2,3],[4,5]])
print (x+y)
print (x-y)
print (x*y)
print (x/y)
print(np.sqrt(x))

.dot()

import numpy as np

v=np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
w=np.array([[2,3],[4,5]])

print(v.dot(w))
print(w.dot(v))

print(np.dot(v,w))
print(np.dot(w,v))

.cross()

import numpy as np

v=np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
w=np.array([[2,3],[4,5]])


print(np.cross(v,w))
print(np.cross(w,v))

.T # transpose

import numpy as np

v=np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
w=np.array([[2,3],[4,5]])


print(v.T)
print(w.T)

np.sum(axis=) #column sum

import numpy as np

v=np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])

print(np.sum(v))
print(np.sum(v,axis=0))

PyQt I

Basic GUI Application

install
pip install pyqt5
pip install pyqt5-tools

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QMainWindow,QLabel
import sys

def main():
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    win=QMainWindow()
    win.setGeometry(200,200,300,300) # x, y, width, height
    win.setWindowTitle('window!') # set title
    label=QLabel(win)
    label.setText('label!')
    label.move(50,50) #x, y
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

main()

Buttons and Events

from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
import sys


class MyWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MyWindow,self).__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def button_clicked(self):
        print('clicked') #display when clicked
        self.label.setText('pressed!')
        self.update()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(200,200,300,300)
        self.setWindowTitle('button')

        self.label=QtWidgets.QLabel(self)
        self.label.setText('first label!')
        self.label.move(50,50)

        self.b1 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self)
        self.b1.setText('click!')
        self.b1.clicked.connect(self.button_clicked)

    def update(self):
        self.label.adjustSize()

def window():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    win = MyWindow()
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

window()

How to Use QtDesigner

Qt5
go to file location .ui file


D:\python2021>pyuic5 -x "919testgui".ui -o "919testgui".py

get .py code

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file '919testgui.ui'



from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_Dialog(object):
    def setupUi(self, Dialog):
        Dialog.setObjectName("Dialog")
        Dialog.resize(400, 300)
        self.buttonBox = QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox(Dialog)
        self.buttonBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 240, 341, 32))
        self.buttonBox.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
        self.buttonBox.setStandardButtons(QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Cancel|QtWidgets.QDialogButtonBox.Ok)
        self.buttonBox.setObjectName("buttonBox")

        self.retranslateUi(Dialog)
        self.buttonBox.accepted.connect(Dialog.accept)
        self.buttonBox.rejected.connect(Dialog.reject)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Dialog)

    def retranslateUi(self, Dialog):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        Dialog.setWindowTitle(_translate("Dialog", "Dialog"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Dialog = QtWidgets.QDialog()
    ui = Ui_Dialog()
    ui.setupUi(Dialog)
    Dialog.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Menubar

add shortcut attributes
add statusTip attributes
add code to setupUI
add method clicked()

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'gui1.ui'


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(130, 200, 221, 56))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial")
        font.setPointSize(36)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        self.menuFile = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
        self.menuFile.setObjectName("menuFile")
        self.menuEdit = QtWidgets.QMenu(self.menubar)
        self.menuEdit.setObjectName("menuEdit")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
        self.actionOpen = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
        self.actionOpen.setObjectName("actionOpen")
        self.actionSave = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
        self.actionSave.setObjectName("actionSave")
        self.actionCopy = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
        self.actionCopy.setObjectName("actionCopy")
        self.actionPaste = QtWidgets.QAction(MainWindow)
        self.actionPaste.setObjectName("actionPaste")
        self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionOpen)
        self.menuFile.addAction(self.actionSave)
        self.menuEdit.addAction(self.actionCopy)
        self.menuEdit.addAction(self.actionPaste)
        self.menubar.addAction(self.menuFile.menuAction())
        self.menubar.addAction(self.menuEdit.menuAction())
        self.actionOpen.triggered.connect(lambda :self.clicked('open clicked'))# added code
        self.actionSave.triggered.connect(lambda :self.clicked('save clicked'))# added code
        self.actionCopy.triggered.connect(lambda :self.clicked('copy clicked'))# added code
        self.actionPaste.triggered.connect(lambda :self.clicked('paste clicked'))# added code


        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.label.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "TEXT"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "TEXT"))
        self.menuFile.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "File"))
        self.menuEdit.setTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "Edit"))
        self.actionOpen.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Open"))
        self.actionOpen.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+O"))
        self.actionSave.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Save"))
        self.actionSave.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+S"))
        self.actionCopy.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Copy"))
        self.actionCopy.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+C"))
        self.actionPaste.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Paste"))
        self.actionPaste.setShortcut(_translate("MainWindow", "Ctrl+V"))

    #added click method
    def clicked(self,text):
        self.label.setText(text)
        self.label.adjustSize()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Images/QPixmap

use label to insert img
set pixmap

self.img1.setPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap('bg2.jpeg')) # added

在这里插入图片描述

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'qpixmap.ui'


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.img1 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.img1.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 300, 300))
        self.img1.setText("")
        self.img1.setPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("bg1.jpeg"))
        self.img1.setObjectName("img1")
        self.image1 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.image1.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 310, 75, 23))
        self.image1.setObjectName("image1")
        self.image2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.image2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(190, 310, 75, 23))
        self.image2.setObjectName("image2")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.image1.clicked.connect(self.show_img1) # added
        self.image2.clicked.connect(self.show_img2)# added

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    #added method to control image shown
    def show_img1(self):
        self.img1.setPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap('bg1.jpeg'))

    def show_img2(self):
        self.img1.setPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap('bg2.jpeg'))



    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.image1.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Image1"))
        self.image2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Image2"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

MessageBoxes & Popup Windows

在这里插入图片描述

msg= QMessageBox()

List of Icons

QMessageBox.Critical
QMessageBox.Warning
QMessageBox.Information
QMessageBox.Question

List of Buttons

QMessageBox.Ok
QMessageBox.Open
QMessageBox.Save
QMessageBox.Cancel
QMessageBox.Close
QMessageBox.Yes
QMessageBox.No
QMessageBox.Abort
QMessageBox.Retry
QMessageBox.Ignore

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'qmsg.ui'

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMessageBox # added

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.popUp = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.popUp.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(30, 50, 75, 23))
        self.popUp.setObjectName("popUp")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.popUp.clicked.connect(self.show_pop) # added link

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    # messages for the popup
    def show_pop(self):
        msg=QMessageBox()
        msg.setWindowTitle('qmsg.py')
        msg.setText('Main text')
        msg.setIcon(QMessageBox.Question)
        msg.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox.Retry | QMessageBox.Ignore | QMessageBox.Cancel)
        msg.setDefaultButton(QMessageBox.Ignore)#default
        msg.setInformativeText('informative')
        msg.setDetailedText('details')
        #msg.buttonClicked.connect(self.popUp)# not sure why doesn't work
        msg.exec_() #show msgbox


    # print popup message
    def pop_clicked(self,i):
        print(i.text()) #print msg on the button

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.popUp.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "show Popup"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

ComboBoxes

在这里插入图片描述

add items to combox

self.comboX.addItem('new item')

change default item
index of the combobox is a list start with 0, -1 last item

index=self.comboX.findText('1',QtCore.QtMatchFixedString) #find index
self.comboX.setCurrentIndex(index)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'xor.ui'



from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(400, 400)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.comboY = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.comboY.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(180, 70, 111, 41))
        self.comboY.setObjectName("comboY")
        self.comboY.addItem("")
        self.comboY.addItem("")
        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralwidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(140, 160, 121, 34))
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial")
        font.setPointSize(22)
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setObjectName("label")
        self.submit = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        font = QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily("Arial")
        font.setPointSize(22)
        font.setBold(False)
        font.setWeight(50)
        self.submit.setFont(font)
        self.submit.setObjectName("submit")
        self.comboX = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.centralwidget)
        self.comboX.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(50, 70, 111, 41))
        self.comboX.setObjectName("comboX")
        self.comboX.addItem("")
        self.comboX.addItem("")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 400, 23))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.submit.clicked.connect(self.pressed) #added


        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    # add pressed for combobox
    def pressed(self):
        x = int(self.comboX.currentText())
        y = int(self.comboY.currentText())
        xor = (x and not y) or (not x and y)
        if xor == True:
            xor = 1
        else:
            xor = 0
        self.label.setText("X XOR Y=" + str(xor))
        self.label.adjustSize()

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.comboY.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "y"))
        self.comboY.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "0"))
        self.comboY.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "1"))
        self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "x xor y ="))
        self.submit.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "submit"))
        self.submit.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "submit"))
        self.comboX.setStatusTip(_translate("MainWindow", "y"))
        self.comboX.setItemText(0, _translate("MainWindow", "0"))
        self.comboX.setItemText(1, _translate("MainWindow", "1"))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Containers (GroupBoxes & Frames)

Containter: group of widgets
GroupBox: has a border, title
Frame: no border or title

PyQt II

Install pyqt

includes QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets, QtMultimedia, QtBluetooth, QtNetwork, QtPositioning, Enginio, QtWebSockets, QtWebKit, QtWebKitWidgets, QtXml, QtSvg, QtSql and QtTest.
same as above

PyQt Hello World

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QWidget, QLabel
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot

def window():
    #initialize
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    widget=QWidget()
    #label
    textLabel=QLabel(widget)
    textLabel.setText('Hello World')
    textLabel.move(100,120)
    #show window
    widget.setGeometry(50,50,320,200)
    widget.setWindowTitle('PyQt5 example')
    widget.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
#run
if __name__=='__main__':
    window()

PyQt Buttons

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QWidget, QPushButton
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot

def window():
    #initialize
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    widget=QWidget()
    #buttons
    b1=QPushButton(widget)
    b1.setText('B1')
    b1.move(50,60)
    b1.clicked.connect(b1_clicked)
    #show window
    widget.setGeometry(50,50,320,200)
    widget.setWindowTitle('PyQt5 example')
    widget.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

#click
def b1_clicked():
    print('b1 clicked')

    # run

if __name__=='__main__':
    window()

PyQt QMessageBox

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QWidget, QPushButton,QMessageBox
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot

def window():
    #initialize
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    win=QWidget()

    #buttons
    b1=QPushButton(win)
    b1.setText('dialog window')
    b1.move(50,60)
    b1.clicked.connect(showDialog)
    win.setWindowTitle('click button')
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

#click
def showDialog():
    msgBox=QMessageBox()
    msgBox.setIcon(QMessageBox.Information)
    msgBox.setText('message box')
    msgBox.setWindowTitle('Qmessage example')
    msgBox.setStandardButtons(QMessageBox.Ok | QMessageBox.Cancel)
    msgBox.buttonClicked.connect(msgButtonClick)

    returnValue=msgBox.exec()
    if returnValue==QMessageBox.Ok:
        print('Ok')

def msgButtonClick(i):
    print('button:',i.text())
    # run
if __name__=='__main__':
    window()

PyQt grid

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QWidget, QPushButton,QGridLayout
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot

def window():
    #initialize
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    win=QWidget()
    grid=QGridLayout()

    for i in range(0,5):
        for j in range(0,5):
            grid.addWidget(QPushButton(str(i)+str(j)),i,j)

    win.setLayout(grid)
    win.setWindowTitle('grid')
    win.setGeometry(50,50,200,200)
    win.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

if __name__=='__main__':
    window()

QLineEdit

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QMainWindow,QLabel,QLineEdit,QPushButton


class Example(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.lineEntry=QLineEdit(self)
        self.lineEntry.move(15,25)
        self.lineEntry.resize(200,40)

        self.qlabel=QLabel(self)
        self.qlabel.move(15,75)

        self.lineEntry.textChanged.connect(self.onChanged)

        self.setGeometry(50,50,300,200)
        self.setWindowTitle('LineEdit')
        self.show()

    def onChanged(self,text):
        self.qlabel.setText(text)
        self.qlabel.adjustSize()

if __name__=='__main__':
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex=Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt QPixmap

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QGridLayout,QWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QPixmap

class Example(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.im=QPixmap('./image.jpg')
        self.label=QLabel()
        self.label.setPixmap(self.im)

        self.grid=QGridLayout()
        self.grid.addWidget(self.label,1,1)
        self.setLayout(self.grid)

        self.setGeometry(50,50,300,200)
        self.setWindowTitle('show image')
        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt Combobox

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QLabel
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QComboBox,QPushButton

class Example(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        c=QComboBox(self)
        c.addItem('apple')
        c.addItem('pear')
        c.move(50,50)

        self.ql=QLabel(self)
        self.ql.move(50,10)

        c.activated[str].connect(self.onChanged)
        self.setGeometry(30,30,500,500)
        self.setWindowTitle('QComboBox')
        self.show()

    def onChanged(self,text):
        self.ql.setText(text)
        self.ql.adjustSize()
        


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

QCheckBox

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        cbutton = QCheckBox("I have a Cat")
        cbutton.setChecked(True)
        cbutton.animal = "Cat"
        cbutton.toggled.connect(self.onClicked)
        layout.addWidget(cbutton, 0, 0)

    def onClicked(self):
        cbutton = self.sender()
        print("Animal " + (cbutton.animal) + " is " + str(cbutton.isChecked()))

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

QSlider

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QSlider
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt

class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        mySlider = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
        mySlider.setGeometry(30, 40, 200, 30)
        mySlider.valueChanged[int].connect(self.changeValue)

        self.setGeometry(50,50,320,200)
        self.setWindowTitle("Checkbox Example")
        self.show()

    def changeValue(self, value):
        print(value)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Progressbar

import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import QTimer
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow, QProgressBar
from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt


class Example(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.pbar = QProgressBar(self)
        self.pbar.setGeometry(30, 40, 200, 25)
        self.pbar.setValue(50)

        self.setWindowTitle("QT Progressbar Example")
        self.setGeometry(32, 32, 320, 200)
        self.show()

        self.timer = QTimer()
        self.timer.timeout.connect(self.handleTimer)
        self.timer.start(1000)

    def handleTimer(self):
        value = self.pbar.value()
        if value < 100:
            value = value + 1
            self.pbar.setValue(value)
        else:
            self.timer.stop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt table


from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication, QWidget, QAction, QTableWidget, QTableWidgetItem, QVBoxLayout
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot
import sys

data = {'col1': ['1', '2', '3', '4'],
        'col2': ['1', '2', '1', '3'],
        'col3': ['1', '1', '2', '1']}


class TableView(QTableWidget):
    def __init__(self, data, *args):
        QTableWidget.__init__(self, *args)
        self.data = data
        self.setData()
        self.resizeColumnsToContents()
        self.resizeRowsToContents()

    def setData(self):
        horHeaders = []
        for n, key in enumerate(sorted(self.data.keys())):
            horHeaders.append(key)
            for m, item in enumerate(self.data[key]):
                newitem = QTableWidgetItem(item)
                self.setItem(m, n, newitem)
        self.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(horHeaders)


def main(args):
    app = QApplication(args)
    table = TableView(data, 4, 3)
    table.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv)

QVBoxLayout

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout
app = QApplication([])
window = QWidget()
layout = QVBoxLayout()
layout.addWidget(QPushButton('1'))
layout.addWidget(QPushButton('2'))
layout.addWidget(QPushButton('3'))
window.setLayout(layout)
window.show()
app.exec_()

PyQt style


C:\Windows\System32>python
Python 3.9.7 (tags/v3.9.7:1016ef3, Aug 30 2021, 20:19:38) [MSC v.1929 64 bit (AM
D64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import PyQt5.QtWidgets
>>> print(PyQt5.QtWidgets.QStyleFactory.keys())
['windowsvista', 'Windows', 'Fusion']

app = QApplication([])
app.setStyle('Windows')

Compile PyQt to exe

>pip install virtualenv
>virtualenv myEnv
created virtual environment CPython3.9.7.final.0-64 in 9141ms
  creator CPython3Windows(dest=C:\Windows\System32\myEnv, clear=False, no_vcs_ig
nore=False, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle
, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv)
    added seed packages: pip==21.2.4, setuptools==58.0.4, wheel==0.37.0
  activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerSh
ellActivator,PythonActivator

>myEnv\Scripts\activate.bat

(myEnv) C:\Windows\System32>

install Toolchain

(myEnv) C:\Windows\System32>pip3 install fbs PyQt5==5.12.3 PyInstaller==3.4

QDial

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.dial = QDial()
        self.dial.setMinimum(0)
        self.dial.setMaximum(100)
        self.dial.setValue(40)
        self.dial.valueChanged.connect(self.sliderMoved)
        layout.addWidget(self.dial)

    def sliderMoved(self):
        print("Dial value = %i" % (self.dial.value()))

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

Pyqt-radiobutton

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        radiobutton = QRadioButton("Australia")
        radiobutton.setChecked(True)
        radiobutton.country = "Australia"
        radiobutton.toggled.connect(self.onClicked)
        layout.addWidget(radiobutton, 0, 0)

        radiobutton = QRadioButton("China")
        radiobutton.country = "China"
        radiobutton.toggled.connect(self.onClicked)
        layout.addWidget(radiobutton, 0, 1)

        radiobutton = QRadioButton("Japan")
        radiobutton.country = "Japan"
        radiobutton.toggled.connect(self.onClicked)
        layout.addWidget(radiobutton, 0, 2)

    def onClicked(self):
        radioButton = self.sender()
        if radioButton.isChecked():
            print("Country is %s" % (radioButton.country))

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

Pyqt-groupbox

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys


class GroupBox(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)

        self.setWindowTitle("GroupBox")
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        groupbox = QGroupBox("GroupBox Example")
        groupbox.setCheckable(True)
        layout.addWidget(groupbox)

        vbox = QVBoxLayout()
        groupbox.setLayout(vbox)

        radiobutton = QRadioButton("RadioButton 1")
        vbox.addWidget(radiobutton)

        radiobutton = QRadioButton("RadioButton 2")
        vbox.addWidget(radiobutton)

        radiobutton = QRadioButton("RadioButton 3")
        vbox.addWidget(radiobutton)

        radiobutton = QRadioButton("RadioButton 4")
        vbox.addWidget(radiobutton)


app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = GroupBox()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

Pyqt-tooltip

hover

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys

class Window(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        button = QPushButton("Button")
        button.setToolTip("This is a text")
        layout.addWidget(button, 0, 0)

        button = QPushButton("Button")
        button.setToolTip("<b>HTML</b> <i>can</i> be shown too..")
        layout.addWidget(button, 1, 0)

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt toolbox

tab like

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys

class Window(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        # Add toolbar and items
        toolbox = QToolBox()
        layout.addWidget(toolbox, 0, 0)
        label = QLabel()
        toolbox.addItem(label, "Students")
        label = QLabel()
        toolbox.addItem(label, "Teachers")
        label = QLabel()
        toolbox.addItem(label, "Directors")

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt toolbar

notebox

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        # Create pyqt toolbar
        toolBar = QToolBar()
        layout.addWidget(toolBar)

        # Add buttons to toolbar
        toolButton = QToolButton()
        toolButton.setText("Apple")
        toolButton.setCheckable(True)
        toolButton.setAutoExclusive(True)
        toolBar.addWidget(toolButton)
        toolButton = QToolButton()
        toolButton.setText("Orange")
        toolButton.setCheckable(True)
        toolButton.setAutoExclusive(True)
        toolBar.addWidget(toolButton)

        # Add textfield to window
        tbox = QPlainTextEdit()
        layout.addWidget(tbox)


app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt menubar

from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys


class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        # create menu
        menubar = QMenuBar()
        layout.addWidget(menubar, 0, 0)
        actionFile = menubar.addMenu("File")
        actionFile.addAction("New")
        actionFile.addAction("Open")
        actionFile.addAction("Save")
        actionFile.addSeparator()
        actionFile.addAction("Quit")
        menubar.addMenu("Edit")
        menubar.addMenu("View")
        menubar.addMenu("Help")

        # add textbox
        tbox = QPlainTextEdit()
        layout.addWidget(tbox, 1, 0)


app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt tabwidget

from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)
        label1 = QLabel("Widget in Tab 1.")
        label2 = QLabel("Widget in Tab 2.")
        tabwidget = QTabWidget()
        tabwidget.addTab(label1, "Tab 1")
        tabwidget.addTab(label2, "Tab 2")
        layout.addWidget(tabwidget, 0, 0)

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt auto complete

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        # auto complete options
        names = ["Apple", "Alps", "Berry", "Cherry" ]
        completer = QCompleter(names)

        # create line edit and add auto complete
        self.lineedit = QLineEdit()
        self.lineedit.setCompleter(completer)
        layout.addWidget(self.lineedit, 0, 0)

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt list box

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
import sys

class Window(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        QWidget.__init__(self)
        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)
        self.listwidget = QListWidget()
        self.listwidget.insertItem(0, "Red")
        self.listwidget.insertItem(1, "Orange")
        self.listwidget.insertItem(2, "Blue")
        self.listwidget.insertItem(3, "White")
        self.listwidget.insertItem(4, "Green")
        self.listwidget.clicked.connect(self.clicked)
        layout.addWidget(self.listwidget)

    def clicked(self, qmodelindex):
        item = self.listwidget.currentItem()
        print(item.text())

app = QApplication(sys.argv)
screen = Window()
screen.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())

PyQt input dialog

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QPushButton, QLineEdit, QInputDialog, QApplication, QLabel)
import sys

class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        # Add button
        self.btn = QPushButton('Show Input Dialog', self)
        self.btn.move(30, 20)
        self.btn.clicked.connect(self.showDialog)

	# Add label
        self.le = QLabel(self)
        self.le.move(30, 62)
        self.le.resize(400,22)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 290, 150)
        self.setWindowTitle('Input dialog')
        self.show()


    def showDialog(self):
        text, ok = QInputDialog.getText(self, 'Input Dialog', 'Enter text:')
        if ok:
            self.le.setText(str(text))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())