[Python知识库]Django电商项目（二）数据库设计、搭建流程

项目架构

数据库表结构

choice选项

from django.db import models
from tinymce.models import HTMLField
# Create your models here.


class GoodsTest(models.Model):
    '''测试模型类'''
    STATUS_CHOICES = (
        (0, '下架'),
        (1, '上架')
    )
    #默认选择上架
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=STATUS_CHOICES, verbose_name='商品状态')
    detail = HTMLField(verbose_name='商品详情')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_test'
        # 修改默认admin后台标签为商品
        verbose_name = '商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

授权连接数据库

修改配置文件为本机IP
sudo vi /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

重启数据库
sudo service mysql restart

grant all privileges on dailyfresh.* to'root'@'192.168.222.1' identified by 'root' with grant option;
更新授权
flush privileges;

搭建项目的流程

创建项目

django-admin startproject dailyfresh

cd到项目目录下并创建app

每一个模块对应一个app

python manage.py startapp user
python manage.py startapp goods
python manage.py startapp cart
python manage.py startapp order

新建package 将app文件夹放入

将apps加入搜索路径 并注册app

setting.py

import os
import sys

BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))

...

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'tinymce', # 富文本编辑器
    'user', # 用户模块
    'goods', # 商品模块
    'cart', # 购物车模块
    'order', # 订单模块
)

新建templates文件夹并配置

'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],

配置数据库

新建静态文件目录

配置url.py文件

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from django.contrib import admin

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^tinymce/', include('tinymce.urls')), # 富文本编辑器
    url(r'^user/', include('user.urls', namespace='user')), # 用户模块 namespace为反向解析 防止Url变化而匹配不到
    url(r'^cart/', include('cart.urls', namespace='cart')), # 购物车模块
    url(r'^order/', include('order.urls', namespace='order')), # 订单模块
    url(r'^', include('goods.urls', namespace='goods')), # 商品模块放在最后避免一开始就能匹配到
]

每个app下都要有一个Url.py文件格式如下

from django.conf.urls import url

urlpatterns = [

]

新建package包并建立抽象基类

from django.db import models


class BaseModel(models.Model):
    '''模型抽象基类'''
    create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
    update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='更新时间')
    is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='删除标记')

    class Meta:
        # 说明是一个抽象模型类
        abstract = True

添加模型类文件

good/model.py

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
from tinymce.models import HTMLField
# Create your models here.


class GoodsType(BaseModel):
    '''商品类型模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='种类名称')
    logo = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='标识')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='type', verbose_name='商品类型图片')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_type'
        verbose_name = '商品种类'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class GoodsSKU(BaseModel):
    '''商品SKU模型类'''
    status_choices = (
        (0, '下线'),
        (1, '上线'),
    )
    type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品种类')
    goods = models.ForeignKey('Goods', verbose_name='商品SPU')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品名称')
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='商品简介')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
    unite = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品单位')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='商品图片')
    stock = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品库存')
    sales = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='商品销量')
    status = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=status_choices, verbose_name='商品状态')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_sku'
        verbose_name = '商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Goods(BaseModel):
    '''商品SPU模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='商品SPU名称')
    # 富文本类型:带有格式的文本
    detail = HTMLField(blank=True, verbose_name='商品详情')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods'
        verbose_name = '商品SPU'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class GoodsImage(BaseModel):
    '''商品图片模型类'''
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='goods', verbose_name='图片路径')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_goods_image'
        verbose_name = '商品图片'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页轮播商品展示模型类'''
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='图片')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_banner'
        verbose_name = '首页轮播商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexTypeGoodsBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页分类商品展示模型类'''
    DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES = (
        (0, "标题"),
        (1, "图片")
    )

    type = models.ForeignKey('GoodsType', verbose_name='商品类型')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    display_type = models.SmallIntegerField(default=1, choices=DISPLAY_TYPE_CHOICES, verbose_name='展示类型')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_type_goods'
        verbose_name = "主页分类展示商品"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class IndexPromotionBanner(BaseModel):
    '''首页促销活动模型类'''
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='活动名称')
    url = models.URLField(verbose_name='活动链接')
    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name='活动图片')
    index = models.SmallIntegerField(default=0, verbose_name='展示顺序')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_index_promotion'
        verbose_name = "主页促销活动"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

富文本编辑器

借助富文本编辑器，网站的编辑人员能够像使用offfice一样编写出漂亮的、所见即所得的页面。此处以tinymce为例，其它富文本编辑器的使用也是类似的。

在虚拟环境中安装包。

pip install django-tinymce==2.6.0
安装完成后，可以使用在Admin管理中，也可以自定义表单使用。

示例

1）在test6/settings.py中为INSTALLED_APPS添加编辑器应用。

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    ...
    'tinymce',
)

2）在test6/settings.py中添加编辑器配置。

TINYMCE_DEFAULT_CONFIG = {
    'theme': 'advanced',
    'width': 600,
    'height': 400,
}

3）在test6/urls.py中配置编辑器url。

urlpatterns = [
    ...
    url(r'^tinymce/', include('tinymce.urls')),
]

order/model.py

from django.db import models
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class OrderInfo(BaseModel):
    '''订单模型类'''
    PAY_METHOD_CHOICES = (
        (1, '货到付款'),
        (2, '微信支付'),
        (3, '支付宝'),
        (4, '银联支付')
    )

    ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES = (
        (1, '待支付'),
        (2, '待发货'),
        (3, '待收货'),
        (4, '待评价'),
        (5, '已完成')
    )

    order_id = models.CharField(max_length=128, primary_key=True, verbose_name='订单id')
    user = models.ForeignKey('user.User', verbose_name='用户')
    addr = models.ForeignKey('user.Address', verbose_name='地址')
    pay_method = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=PAY_METHOD_CHOICES, default=3, verbose_name='支付方式')
    total_count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数量')
    total_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品总价')
    transit_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2,verbose_name='订单运费')
    order_status = models.SmallIntegerField(choices=ORDER_STATUS_CHOICES, default=1, verbose_name='订单状态')
    trade_no = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='支付编号')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_info'
        verbose_name = '订单'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class OrderGoods(BaseModel):
    '''订单商品模型类'''
    order = models.ForeignKey('OrderInfo', verbose_name='订单')
    sku = models.ForeignKey('goods.GoodsSKU', verbose_name='商品SKU')
    count = models.IntegerField(default=1, verbose_name='商品数目')
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='商品价格')
    comment = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='评论')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_order_goods'
        verbose_name = '订单商品'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

user/model.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
from db.base_model import BaseModel
# Create your models here.


class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
    '''用户模型类'''

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_user'
        verbose_name = '用户'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name


class Address(BaseModel):
    '''地址模型类'''
    user = models.ForeignKey('User', verbose_name='所属账户')
    receiver = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='收件人')
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=256, verbose_name='收件地址')
    zip_code = models.CharField(max_length=6, null=True, verbose_name='邮政编码')
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='联系电话')
    is_default = models.BooleanField(default=False, verbose_name='是否默认')

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_address'
        verbose_name = '地址'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

使用自带的用户认证模型

/user/models.py

class User(AbstractUser, BaseModel):
    '''用户模型类'''

    class Meta:
        db_table = 'df_user'
        verbose_name = '用户'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

settings.py

...
# django认证系统使用的模型类
AUTH_USER_MODEL='user.User'
...

注意： AUTH_USER_MODEL配置参数要在第一次迁移数据库之前配置，否则可能django的认证系统工作不正常

配置数据库初始化

dailyfresh/ _ init _.py

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

生成迁移文件 python manage.py make migrations
迁移 python manage.py migrate
运行 python manage.py runserver