[Python知识库]python实现requests接口测试

requests接口测试的介绍

requests是一个很实用的Python HTTP客户端库，编写爬虫和测试服务器响应数据时
经常会用到，Requests是Python语言的第三方的库，专门用于发送HTTP请求

requests接口测试的使用前提

pip install requests

1.requests中的get请求

1 GET无参请求

r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

案例：

import requests
class Classrequset:
    def Claete(self):
        r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
        print(r.text)
a=Classrequset()
a.Claete()     

2.GET传参

payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': None}
r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com ', params=payload)

案例：

    def XWTTMethod(self):
        params = {"type": "guonei", "key": "4b72107de3a197b3bafd9adacf685790"}
        r = requests.get("http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index", params=params)
        print(r.text)
a=Classrequset()
a.XWTTMethod()

2.requests中的post请求

 payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
 r = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data=payload)

案例：

 def XWTTMethodpost(self):
        uripost="http://v.juhe.cn/toutiao/index"
        datapost={"type":"youxi","page":"1","size":"10","key":"ff64bdb75dd1fbc636724101514cfbe7"}
        r =requests.post(url=uripost,data=datapost)
        print(r.text)
        # print(r.status_code) #这是查看状态码的
a=Classrequset()
a.XWTTMethodpost()

3.Requests响应

r.status_code        响应状态码
r.heards             响应头
r.cookies            响应cookies
r.text               响应文本
r. encoding          当前编码
r. content		    以字节形式（二进制）返回

 最常用的是根据响应状态码判断接口是否连通，经常用于做接口中断言判断

4.Request扩充

1：添加等待时间
requests.get(url,timeout=1)          #超过等待时间则报错
2：添加请求头信息
requests.get(url,headers=headers)    #设置请求头
3：添加文件
requests.post(url, files=files)      #添加文件

文件传输

url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

5.python实现requests+pytest+allure的操作

1 流程如下

读取文件中的数据
requests拿到数据请求接口返回状态码
通过断言验证返回状态码和200对比
生成allure的测试报告

6.读取csv文件流程

1 存储数据(csv)

2 读取数据(readDemo)

import csv
class ReadCsv():
    def readCsv(self):
        item = []
        rr = csv.reader(open("../request/1212223.csv"))
        for csv_i in rr:
            item.append(csv_i)
        return item

a=ReadCsv()
print(a.readCsv())

3 request请求接口返回状态码

from request.dataDemo import ReadCsv
import requests
r=ReadCsv()
ee=r.readCsv()
ltms=[]
class RequestClass:
    def requesthome(self):
        for a in ee:
            if a[2]=="get":
              ss=requests.get(url=a[0],params=a[1])
              ltms.append(ss.status_code)
            else:
              ss=requests.post(url=a[0],data=a[1])
              ltms.append(ss.status_code)
        return ltms
q=RequestClass()
print(q.requesthome())

4 pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告

import pytest, allure, os
from request.request03_csv import RequestClass

r = RequestClass()
aa = r.requesthome()


class TestRequest:
    def testcvsHose(self):
        for s in aa:
            assert s == 200


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['--alluredir','report/result','requests_test.py'])
    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
    os.system(split)

5 测试报告展示

7.读取excle文件流程

1 存储数据(xlsx)

2 读取数据(readDemo)

from openpyxl import load_workbook
class UseExcel():
    def get_TestExcel(self):
        # 打开表
        workbook = load_workbook('./777.xlsx')
        # 定位表单
        sheet = workbook['Sheet1']
        print(sheet.max_row)     #3 行
        print(sheet.max_column)  #3 列
        test_data = []#把所有行的数据放到列表中
        for i in range(2,sheet.max_row+1):
            sub_data = {}#把每行的数据放到字典中
            for j in range(1,sheet.max_column+1):
                sub_data[sheet.cell(1,j).value] = sheet.cell(i,j).value
            test_data.append(sub_data)#拼接每行单元格的数据
        return test_data
t = UseExcel()
f = t.get_TestExcel()
print(f)

3.request请求接口返回状态码

import requests
from request.requestxls import UseExcel
a=UseExcel()
f = a.get_TestExcel()
item = []
class Use_Requestexcel():
    def qualification_mord(self):
        for excel_i in f:
             if excel_i["method"] == "get":
                rr = requests.get(url=excel_i["url"],params=excel_i["paras"])
                item.append(rr.status_code)
             else:
                rr = requests.post(url=excel_i["url"],data=excel_i["paras"])
                item.append(rr.status_code)
        return item

r=Use_Requestexcel()

4 pytest断言设置并结合allure生成测试报告

import pytest, allure, os
from request.requestextes import Use_Requestexcel
r = Use_Requestexcel()
aa = r.qualification_mord()

print(aa)
class Testrequest:
    def testcvsHose(self):
        for s in aa:
            assert s == 200


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['--alluredir','report/result','test_req.py'])
    split = 'allure ' + 'generate ' + './report/result ' + '-o ' + './report/html ' + '--clean'
    os.system(split)

5 测试报告展示