[Python知识库]Django模型

python编程快速上手（持续更新中…）

HttpRequest对象

1、url路径参数

http:127.0.0.1:8000/10/188

视图中函数，参数位置不能变

def shop(request,city_id,shop_id):
# print(cat_id, goods_id)
return JsonResponse({‘city_id’:city_id, ‘shop_id’:shop_id})

应用中的urls

path(’<city_id>/<shop_id>/’,shop),

http://127.0.0.1:8000/1/2/?order=readcount&page=1&order=commentcount

def shop(request,city_id,shop_id):
query_params = request.GET
print(query_params)
print(query_params.get(‘order’))
print(query_params.getlist(‘order’))
return JsonResponse({‘city_id’:city_id, ‘shop_id’:shop_id})

2、post请求

403
默认禁止访问，禁用middleware

3、发送post数据

def json(request):
    body = request.body
    print(body)
    
    body_str = body.decode()
    print(body_str)

    return HttpResponse('ok')

4、请求头

header = request.META
print(header)

5、路径参数校验

path(‘int:city_id/<shop_id>/’,shop),

6、自定义转换器

# 1. 定义转换器
class MobileConverter:
    # 验证数据的关键是： 正则
    regex = '1[3-9]\d{9}'

    # 验证没有问题的数据，给视图函数
    def to_python(self, value):
        return value

register_converter(MobileConverter,'phone')


path('<int:city_id>/<phone:shop_id>/',shop),

HttpResponse对象

1、响应结果

def response(request):

    response = HttpResponse('res', status=200)
    response['name']='张三'
    # 1XX
    # 2XX
    #     200 成功
    # 3XX
    # 4XX 请求错误
    #     403 禁止访问，权限问题
    #     404 找不到页面，路由问题
    #
    # 5XX 响应错误
    return response;

2、JsonResponse

dict = {‘name’:‘zhangsan’, ‘age’:18}
response = JsonResponse(dict)

集合

girls = [
    {
        'name':'xiaoli',
         'age':18
    },
    {
        'name':'cunhua',
        'age':'17'
    }
]

response = JsonResponse(data=girls, safe=False)

3、redirect重定向

return redirect(‘www.baidu.com’)

状态保持

Cookie

http://127.0.0.1:8000/set_cookie/?username=ls&password=123

def set_cookie(request):
    # 1. 获取查询字符串数据
    username = request.GET.get('username')
    password = request.GET.get('password')
    print(username, password)

    # 2. 服务器设置cookie信息
    # 通过响应对象.set_cookie 方法
    response = HttpResponse('set_cookie')

    # key, value=''
    # max_age 是一个秒数 从响应开始 计数的一个秒数
    response.set_cookie('name', username, max_age=60*60)
    response.set_cookie('password', password)
    return response

http://127.0.0.1:8000/get_cookie

def get_cookie(request):
    # 获取cookie

    print(request.COOKIES)
    # request.COOKIES 字典数据
    name = request.COOKIES.get('name')
    return HttpResponse(name)

session

http://127.0.0.1:8000/set_session/?username=zs

def set_session(request):
    # 1. 模拟 获取用户信息
    username = request.GET.get('username')

    # 2. 设置session信息
    # 假如 我们通过模型查询 查询到了 用户的信息
    user_id = 1
    request.session['user_id'] = user_id

    request.session['username'] = username

    # clear 删除session里的数据，但是 key有保留
    # request.session.clear()
    # flush 是删除所有的数据，包括key
    # request.session.flush()

    request.session.set_expiry(3600)

    return HttpResponse('set_session')

http://127.0.0.1:8000/get_session/

def get_session(request):

    # user_id=request.session['user_id']
    # username=request.session['username']

    user_id=request.session.get('user_id')
    username=request.session.get('username')

    # '%s'%username
    content = '{} ,{}'.format(user_id,username)

    return HttpResponse(content)