[Python知识库]selenium中WebDriver的常用方法（Python）

本文简单列举关于selenium WebDriver常用方法，仅作为学习参考记录。
另附“Storm啊”大佬提供的Web UI自动化测试练习地址：http://www.stormtest.cn/
列举的WebDriver常用方法：

• 鼠标悬停
• 下拉框
• frame
• 文件上传
• 键盘操作
• 滑块操作
• 窗口切换及窗口信息
• 等待
• 警告窗处理
• javascript调用

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

class ActionTest:
    def __init__(self):
        self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.driver.maximize_window()

    def endDel(self, timeout):
        time.sleep(timeout)
        self.driver.quit()

    def hoverTest(self):
        # 鼠标悬停
        self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
        time.sleep(1)
        setting = self.driver.find_element_by_id("s-usersetting-top")
        ActionChains(self.driver).move_to_element(setting).perform()

    def selectTest(self):
        # 下拉框
        self.driver.get("http://www.stormtest.cn/selectTest/")
        name = self.driver.find_element_by_id("s1")
        Select(name).select_by_index(2)
        # Select(name).select_by_value("o3")

    def frame(self):
        # frame
        self.driver.get("https://mail.qq.com/cgi-bin/loginpage?autologin=n&errtype=1")
        # self.driver.get("http://www.stormtest.cn/framesTest/")
        # 切换frame
        self.driver.switch_to.frame("login_frame")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("u").send_keys(5555)
        # 切换回原基础页
        self.driver.switch_to.default_content()

    def fileUploadTest(self):
        # 文件上传
        self.driver.get("http://www.stormtest.cn/fileUploadTest/")
        time.sleep(3)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("fileWdValidation").send_keys(r"D:\test.txt")

    def wordKeys(self):
        # 键盘操作
        self.driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
        kw = self.driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
        kw.send_keys("自动化测试项目高级实战Python")
        # backspace
        kw.send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE)
        # ctrl+a\x\v
        kw.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'a')
        kw.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'x')
        kw.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'v')
        kw.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL, 'v')

    def swipTest(self):
        # 滑块操作
        self.driver.get('https://passport.ctrip.com/user/reg/home')
        self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#agr_pop>div.pop_footer>a.reg_btn.reg_agree").click()
        time.sleep(5)
        sour = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#slideCode > div.cpt-drop-box > div.cpt-drop-btn")
        ele = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#slideCode > div.cpt-drop-box > div.cpt-bg-bar")
        # drag_and_drop_by_offse滑动（滑动源，X，Y）
        # ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sour, ele.size['width'], -sour.size['height']).perform()
        ActionChains(self.driver).drag_and_drop_by_offset(sour, 500, 0).perform()

    def switchWindowsTest(self):
        # 窗口切换及窗口信息
        self.driver.get("http://www.stormtest.cn/")
        # 获取当前页面title、url
        title, url = self.driver.title, self.driver.current_url
        print({"title:": title, "url": url})

        self.driver.find_element_by_link_text("窗口打开").click()
        # 获取Windows窗口及切换
        self.driver.switch_to.window(self.driver.window_handles[-1])
        bef_title, bef_url = self.driver.title, self.driver.current_url
        print({"title:": bef_title, "url": bef_url})

    def waitTest(self):
        # # 设置隐式等待10s
        # self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
        # 显式等待
        self.driver.get("http://www.stormtest.cn/")
        # 5s最长超时时间，每0.5检测一次，until直到后面元素存在，超时抛异常
        ele = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 5, 0.5).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.LINK_TEXT, "链接（Link）")))
        ele.click()

    def alertTest(self):
        # 警告窗处理alert、confirm、prompt
        # self.driver.get("http://www.stormtest.cn/alertTest/")
        # self.driver.get("http://www.stormtest.cn/confirmTest/")
        self.driver.get("http://www.stormtest.cn/promptTest/")
        self.driver.find_element_by_name("b1").click()
        # 获取警告窗并确认/取消
        alert = self.driver.switch_to.alert
        alert.send_keys("这是promt框中输入的内容")
        alert.accept()
        # alert.dismiss()  # 点击取消

    def javascriptTest(self):
        # javascript调用
        js = "window.scrollTo(200,500)"
        self.driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=selenium")
        self.driver.execute_script(js)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    action = ActionTest()
    action.javascriptTest()
    action.endDel(10)