[Python知识库]华为云部署Centos7.6 Django+Gunicorn+Gevent+Supervisor+Nginx

Django+Gunicorn+Gevent+Supervisor+Nginx是相对比较成熟的部署方案。

基础环境

华为云ECS
OS：CentOS7.6
Python：Python3.6.8

配置pip

• 升级pip，否则不能使用pip config命令。升级后pip版本为21.3。

pip3 install -U pip -i https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple

• 设置pip源

pip3 config set global.index-url https://repo.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple

安装Python第三方包

• 安装Python3开发包，否则出现gcc命令异常。

yum install -y python3-devel

• 安装gunicorn gevent`` flask

pip3 install gunicorn gevent django

最终安装版本为：

Django==3.2.9
gevent==21.8.0
gunicorn==20.1.0

升级sqlite3

测试环境Django默认使用sqlite3。由于CentOS7.6默认安装sqlite3版本为3.7.17，与较新的Django不兼容，因此需要升级。

• 下载源码

wget --no-check-certificate https://www.sqlite.org/2021/sqlite-autoconf-3360000.tar.gz

• 编译

 tar zxvf sqlite-autoconf-3360000.tar.gz 
cd sqlite-autoconf-3360000/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make install

• 替换系统低版本 sqlite3

mv /usr/bin/sqlite3  /usr/bin/sqlite3_old
ln -s /usr/local/bin/sqlite3   /usr/bin/sqlite3
echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/sqlite3.conf
ldconfig
sqlite3 -version

测试Django

• 创建测试项目

[root@ecs-f3bd ~]# mkdir django-test
[root@ecs-f3bd ~]# cd django-test
[root@ecs-8990 django-test]# django-admin startproject hello
[root@ecs-8990 django-test]# cd hello
[root@ecs-8990 hello]# cd hello
[root@ecs-8990 hello]# pwd
/root/django-test/hello/hello

• 修改配置文件

[root@ecs-8990 hello]# vi settings.py 

修改部分如下：

DEBUG = False
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['127.0.0.1', 'localhost ', 'YOUR IP']
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'  
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

• 初始化admin模块

[root@ecs-8990 hello]# cd -
/root/django-test/hello
[root@ecs-8990 hello]# python3 manage.py migrate
[root@ecs-8990 hello]# python3 manage.py createsuperuser

• 创建gunicorn.py
  通过gunicorn.py将Django项目和nginx连接在一起。

[root@ecs-8990 hello]# ls
db.sqlite3  hello  manage.py
[root@ecs-8990 hello]# mkdir gunicorn_log
[root@ecs-8990 hello]# ls
db.sqlite3  gunicorn_log  gunicorn.py  hello  manage.py  __pycache__
[root@ecs-f3bd hello]# vi gunicorn.py 

gunicorn.py内如如下：

# coding:utf-8

import multiprocessing
bind = '0.0.0.0:8001'      #绑定ip和端口号
backlog = 512                #监听队列
chdir = '/root/django-test/hello'  #gunicorn要切换到的目的工作目录, 项目的根目录
timeout = 30      #超时
worker_class = 'gevent' #使用gevent模式，还可以使用sync 模式，默认的是sync模式

workers = multiprocessing.cpu_count() * 2 + 1    #进程数
threads = 2 #指定每个进程开启的线程数
loglevel = 'info' #日志级别，这个日志级别指的是错误日志的级别，而访问日志的级别无法>设置
access_log_format = '%(t)s %(p)s %(h)s "%(r)s" %(s)s %(L)s %(b)s %(f)s" "%(a)s"'    #设置gunicorn访问日志格式，错误日志无法设置

accesslog = "/root/django-test/hello/gunicorn_log/gunicorn_access.log"      #访问日>志文件
errorlog = "/root/django-test/hello/gunicorn_log/gunicorn_error.log"        #错误日>志文件

测试运行gunicorn

[root@ecs-8990 ~]# gunicorn hello.wsgi -c /root/django-test/hello/gunicorn.py

检查进程

[root@ecs-8990 ~]# ps aux| grep gunicorn
root     10857  2.1  0.5 253288 23004 pts/0    S+   21:10   0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/gunicorn hello.wsgi -c /root/django-test/hello/gunicorn.py
root     10860  4.7  1.0 300508 38848 pts/0    S+   21:10   0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/gunicorn hello.wsgi -c /root/django-test/hello/gunicorn.py
root     10861  5.3  1.0 300516 38852 pts/0    S+   21:10   0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/gunicorn hello.wsgi -c /root/django-test/hello/gunicorn.py
root     10862  5.3  1.0 300516 38856 pts/0    S+   21:10   0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/gunicorn hello.wsgi -c /root/django-test/hello/gunicorn.py
root     10863  5.3  1.0 300520 38892 pts/0    S+   21:10   0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/gunicorn hello.wsgi -c /root/django-test/hello/gunicorn.py
root     10865  5.0  1.0 300520 38896 pts/0    S+   21:10   0:00 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/gunicorn hello.wsgi -c /root/django-test/hello/gunicorn.py
root     10873  0.0  0.0 112812   976 pts/1    S+   21:10   0:00 grep --color=auto gunicorn

配置supervisor

• 安装nginx和supervisor

 yum install -y nginx supervisor

安装版本为nginx：1.20.1，supervisor：3.4.0

• 添加supervisor子配置

vi /etc/supervisord.d/hello.ini

内容如下：

command=gunicorn hello.wsgi -c /root/django-test/hello/gunicorn.py
directory=/root/django-test/hello
autostart=true
autorestart=unexpected
user=root

• 重新加载配置。

systemctl restart supervisord  && supervisorctl reload

配置Nginx

• 设置反向代理

vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/hello.conf

内容如下：

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  xxx;
        charset utf-8;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://0.0.0.0:8001;
            proxy_redirect     off;
            proxy_set_header   Host                 $http_host;
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP            $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For      $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                    proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto    $scheme;
                }

                location /static {
            alias   /root/django-test/hello/static/; 
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

    }

• 重新启动服务

systemctl restart nginx.service