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情况说明

python爬虫
实现了对音乐歌词的爬取
实现了对评论的爬取并生成词云图

效果展示

菜单

在这里插入图片描述

1：获取歌词

在这里插入图片描述

2：歌曲评论词云图

在这里插入图片描述

代码讲解

cookie

参考博客

这边使用的是Selenium模拟登录的方法
函数如下：

def get_cookies():
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()#启动浏览器
    url = 'https://music.163.com/'
    driver.get(url)  # 发送请求
    # 打开之后，手动登录一次
    time.sleep(3)
    input('完成登陆后点击enter:')
    time.sleep(3)
    dictcookies = driver.get_cookies()  # 获取cookies
    cookie = [item["name"] + "=" + item["value"] for item in dictcookies]
    cookiestr = ';'.join(item for item in cookie)
    print(cookiestr)
    with open('wyycookie.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write(cookiestr)
    print('cookies保存成功！')
    driver.close()

这一行代码是将driver中获取到的cookie转换成requests能直接使用的格式

 cookie = [item["name"] + "=" + item["value"] for item in dictcookies]
 cookiestr = ';'.join(item for item in cookie)

然后写入文件

with open('wyycookie.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write(cookiestr)
    print('cookies保存成功！')
    driver.close()

读取cookie

def read_cookie():
    try:

        print("[INFO]:正常尝试读取本地cookie")
        with open('wyycookie.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
            Cookies = f.read()
            # print(Cookies)
    except:
        print("[ERROR]:读取失败，请手动登录并更新")
        get_cookies()
        read_cookie()
    return Cookies

这边也有读取的机制和读取失败的机制

歌曲ID

网易云每一首歌曲都是有唯一ID的
并且网易云的URL中几乎都是用ID进行传参数的
所以我们需要将歌名转换成ID

def get_ID(name):
    url = 'https://music.163.com/api/search/get/web?csrf_token=hlpretag=&hlposttag=&s={'+str(name)+'}&type=1&offset=0&total=true&limit=1'
    r = rs.get(url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    str_r=r.text
    dict_r = json.loads(str_r)
    #print(dict_r)
    #print(dict_r["result"]['songs'][0]['id'])
    ID=dict_r["result"]['songs'][0]['id']
    return ID

获取评论

这边找到了一个接口
也没使用解析库
直接提取出来了

def get_comments(id):
    comments=[]
    url = 'http://music.163.com/api/v1/resource/comments/R_SO_4_{}?limit=100&offset='.format(id)
    r = rs.get(url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    str_r = r.text
    dict_r = json.loads(str_r)
    test=dict_r["comments"][1]
    #print(','.join(map(str, sorted(dict_r.keys()))))
    #print(test)
    for i in range(100):
         comment=dict_r["comments"][i]['content']
         comments.append(comment)
         #print(comment)
    # for i in comments:
    #     print(i)
    return comments

获取歌单中的歌曲和ID

这个其实不属于本项目
但是刚好做了
就一起放出来了

def get_list(musiclistid):
        Info = []
        url = 'https://music.163.com/playlist?id={}'.format(musiclistid)
        rs = requests.session()
        r = rs.get(url, headers=headers)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'lxml')
        hide = soup.find('ul', {'class': 'f-hide'})
        a = hide.find_all('a')
        for every in a:
            data = []
            uid = re.search(r'id=(.*)', every['href'], re.M | re.I)
            uid = uid.group(1)
            data.append(uid)
            data.append(every.text)
            Info.append(data)
        # for i in Info:
        #     print(i[0])

        return Info

输出的结果就是歌单里的所有的歌名和ID

获取歌词

这边也是找到了一个接口
然后提取出来
并且解析
最后保存为txt文本

def get_poem(name,id):
    url = 'https://music.163.com/api/song/lyric?id={}&lv=1&kv=1&tv=-1'.format(id)
    r = rs.get(url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    str_r = r.text
    dict_r = json.loads(str_r)
    print(dict_r['lrc']['lyric'])
    with open(name+'歌词.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write(dict_r['lrc']['lyric'])
    print('歌词保存成功！')

分词

def cut_words(top_search):
    top_cut=[]
    for top in top_search:
        top_cut.extend(list(jieba.cut(top)))  #使用精确模式切割词汇
    return top_cut

生成词云图

这个没什么好说的
可以参考以前做的豆瓣评论词云图博客

def commment_pic(comment):
    all_words = cut_words(comment)
    stop = []
    words_cut = []
    for word in all_words:
        if word not in stop:
            words_cut.append(word)
    word_count = pd.Series(words_cut).value_counts()
    back_ground = imread("F:\\flower.jpg")
    wc = WordCloud(
        font_path="C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simhei.ttf",  # 设置字体
        background_color="white",  # 设置词云背景颜色
        max_words=400,  # 词云允许最大词汇数
        mask=back_ground,  # 词云形状
        max_font_size=400,  # 最大字体大小
        random_state=90  # 配色方案的种数
    )
    wc1 = wc.fit_words(word_count)  # 生成词云
    plt.figure()
    plt.imshow(wc1)
    plt.axis("off")
    # plt.get_current_fig_manager().full_screen_toggle()

    plt.show()

主菜单

def main():
    #print_menu()
    while True:
        print_menu()
        # 获取用户输入
        try:
            num = int(input("[INFO]:请输入需要的操作："))
        except ValueError:
            # except Exception:
            print("输入错误，请重新输入（1.2.3）")
            continue
        except IndexError:
            print("请输入一个有效值：（1.2.3）")
            continue
        # 根据用户的数据执行相应的功能
        if num == 1:
           name=input("[INFO]:请输入歌曲名称：")
           id=get_ID(name)
           print(id)
           get_poem(name,id)
           print("=" * 500)
        elif num == 2:
            name = input("[INFO]:请输入歌曲名称：")
            id = get_ID(name)
            comments=get_comments(id)
            commment_pic(comments)
            print("=" * 500)
        elif num == 3:
            name = input("[INFO]:请输入歌曲名称：")
            id = get_ID(name)
            save_music(name,id)
            print("=" * 500)
        elif num == 4:
            print("[END]:感谢您的使用，欢迎下次再见")
            print("=" * 500)
            break
        else:
            print("[ERROR]:输入错误")
            print("=" * 500)


def print_menu():

    print ("="*500)
    print ("[INFO]:1. 获取指定音乐歌词")
    print ("[INFO]:2. 生成指定音乐评论词云图")
    print ("[INFO]:3. 下载歌曲")
    print ("[INFO]:4. 退出系统")
    print("=" * 500)

最后的主函数

if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("=" * 500)
    print("[INFO]:欢迎使用zack的网易云音乐系统")
    Cookies=read_cookie()
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36',
        'Cookie': '{}'.format(Cookies)}
    main()

代码展示

from lxml import etree
import requests
import time
import json
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import jieba
from wordcloud import WordCloud
import pandas as pd
from imageio import imread
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt





def read_cookie():
    try:

        print("[INFO]:正常尝试读取本地cookie")
        with open('wyycookie.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8') as f:
            Cookies = f.read()
            # print(Cookies)
    except:
        print("[ERROR]:读取失败，请手动登录并更新")
        get_cookies()
        read_cookie()
    return Cookies

def get_cookies():
    driver = webdriver.Firefox()
    url = 'https://music.163.com/'
    driver.get(url)  # 发送请求
    # 打开之后，手动登录一次
    time.sleep(3)
    input('完成登陆后点击enter:')
    time.sleep(3)
    dictcookies = driver.get_cookies()  # 获取cookies
    cookie = [item["name"] + "=" + item["value"] for item in dictcookies]
    cookiestr = ';'.join(item for item in cookie)
    print(cookiestr)
    with open('wyycookie.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write(cookiestr)
    print('cookies保存成功！')
    driver.close()


rs = requests.session()


def get_comments(id):
    comments=[]
    url = 'http://music.163.com/api/v1/resource/comments/R_SO_4_{}?limit=100&offset='.format(id)
    r = rs.get(url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    str_r = r.text
    dict_r = json.loads(str_r)
    test=dict_r["comments"][1]
    #print(','.join(map(str, sorted(dict_r.keys()))))
    #print(test)
    for i in range(100):
         comment=dict_r["comments"][i]['content']
         comments.append(comment)
         #print(comment)
    # for i in comments:
    #     print(i)
    return comments



def get_ID(name):
    url = 'https://music.163.com/api/search/get/web?csrf_token=hlpretag=&hlposttag=&s={'+str(name)+'}&type=1&offset=0&total=true&limit=1'
    r = rs.get(url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    str_r=r.text
    dict_r = json.loads(str_r)
    #print(dict_r)
    #print(dict_r["result"]['songs'][0]['id'])
    ID=dict_r["result"]['songs'][0]['id']
    return ID


def get_list(musiclistid):
        Info = []
        url = 'https://music.163.com/playlist?id={}'.format(musiclistid)
        rs = requests.session()
        r = rs.get(url, headers=headers)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'lxml')
        hide = soup.find('ul', {'class': 'f-hide'})
        a = hide.find_all('a')
        for every in a:
            data = []
            uid = re.search(r'id=(.*)', every['href'], re.M | re.I)
            uid = uid.group(1)
            data.append(uid)
            data.append(every.text)
            Info.append(data)
        # for i in Info:
        #     print(i[0])

        return Info

def get_poem(name,id):
    url = 'https://music.163.com/api/song/lyric?id={}&lv=1&kv=1&tv=-1'.format(id)
    r = rs.get(url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    str_r = r.text
    dict_r = json.loads(str_r)
    print(dict_r['lrc']['lyric'])
    with open(name+'歌词.txt', 'w') as f:
        f.write(dict_r['lrc']['lyric'])
    print('歌词保存成功！')


def cut_words(top_search):
    top_cut=[]
    for top in top_search:
        top_cut.extend(list(jieba.cut(top)))  #使用精确模式切割词汇
    return top_cut


def commment_pic(comment):
    all_words = cut_words(comment)
    stop = []
    words_cut = []
    for word in all_words:
        if word not in stop:
            words_cut.append(word)
    word_count = pd.Series(words_cut).value_counts()
    back_ground = imread("F:\\flower.jpg")
    wc = WordCloud(
        font_path="C:\\Windows\\Fonts\\simhei.ttf",  # 设置字体
        background_color="white",  # 设置词云背景颜色
        max_words=400,  # 词云允许最大词汇数
        mask=back_ground,  # 词云形状
        max_font_size=400,  # 最大字体大小
        random_state=90  # 配色方案的种数
    )
    wc1 = wc.fit_words(word_count)  # 生成词云
    plt.figure()
    plt.imshow(wc1)
    plt.axis("off")
    # plt.get_current_fig_manager().full_screen_toggle()

    plt.show()



def main():
    #print_menu()
    while True:
        print_menu()
        # 获取用户输入
        try:
            num = int(input("[INFO]:请输入需要的操作："))
        except ValueError:
            # except Exception:
            print("输入错误，请重新输入（1.2.3）")
            continue
        except IndexError:
            print("请输入一个有效值：（1.2.3）")
            continue
        # 根据用户的数据执行相应的功能
        if num == 1:
           name=input("[INFO]:请输入歌曲名称：")
           id=get_ID(name)
           print(id)
           get_poem(name,id)
           print("=" * 500)
        elif num == 2:
            name = input("[INFO]:请输入歌曲名称：")
            id = get_ID(name)
            comments=get_comments(id)
            commment_pic(comments)
            print("=" * 500)

        elif num == 4:
            print("[END]:感谢您的使用，欢迎下次再见")
            print("=" * 500)
            break
        else:
            print("[ERROR]:输入错误")
            print("=" * 500)


def print_menu():

    print ("="*500)
    print ("[INFO]:1. 获取指定音乐歌词")
    print ("[INFO]:2. 生成指定音乐评论词云图")

    print ("[INFO]:4. 退出系统")
    print("=" * 500)




if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("=" * 500)
    print("[INFO]:欢迎使用zack的网易云音乐系统")
    Cookies=read_cookie()
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/79.0.3945.130 Safari/537.36',
        'Cookie': '{}'.format(Cookies)}
    main()