[Python知识库]非常适合零基础练手的10个Python项目，入门学Python必备

对于Python学习者来说，能够熟练的掌握Python中简洁而高效的编程技巧，不仅能够提升程序的效率，更重要的是体现出编程者高超的编程能力。

今天，小编就为大家分享十个Python的小案例，每个案例都有两种解决方法，第一种方法相对小白，第二种方法则是属于有经验的高手写法。案例虽小，但是却蕴含着Python编程的技巧，一起来看看吧。

1.闹钟

编写一个创建闹钟的Python脚本。

你可以使用date-time模块创建闹钟，以及playsound库播放声音。

from datetime import datetime   
from playsound import playsound
alarm_time = input("Enter the time of alarm to be set:HH:MM:SS\n")
alarm_hour=alarm_time[0:2]
alarm_minute=alarm_time[3:5]
alarm_seconds=alarm_time[6:8]
alarm_period = alarm_time[9:11].upper()
print("Setting up alarm..")
while True:
    now = datetime.now()
    current_hour = now.strftime("%I")
    current_minute = now.strftime("%M")
    current_seconds = now.strftime("%S")
    current_period = now.strftime("%p")
    if(alarm_period==current_period):
        if(alarm_hour==current_hour):
            if(alarm_minute==current_minute):
                if(alarm_seconds==current_seconds):
                    print("Wake Up!")
                    playsound('audio.mp3') ## download the alarm sound from link
                    break

2.文字冒险游戏

编写一个有趣的Python脚本，通过为路径选择不同的选项让用户进行有趣的冒险。

name = str( input("Enter Your Mame\n"))
print(f"{name} you are stuck in a forest.Your task is to get out from the forest withoutdieing")
print("You are walking threw forest and suddenly a wolf comes in your way.Now Youoptions.")
print("1.Run 2. climb The Nearest Tree ")
user = int(input("choose one option 1 or 2"))
if user = 1:
    print("You Died!!")
elif user = 2:
    print("You Survived!!")
else:
    print("Incorrect Input")
#### Add a loop and increase the story as much as you can

3.有声读物

编写一个Python脚本，用于将Pdf文件转换为有声读物。

借助pyttsx3库将文本转换为语音。

要安装的模块：

pyttsx3
PyPDF2

import pyttsx3,PyPDF2
DdfReader = pyPDF2.PdfFileReader(open( "file.pdf',"rb'))
speaker = pyttsx3.init()
for page_num in range(pdfReader.numPages):
    text =pdfReader.getPage(page_num).extractText()
    speaker.say(text)
    speaker.runAndwait()
speaker.stopo()

4.货币换算器

编写一个Python脚本，可以将一种货币转换为其他用户选择的货币。

使用Python中的API，或者通过forex-python模块来获取实时的货币汇率。

安装：forex-python

from forex _python.converter import CurrencyRatesc = CurrencyRates()
amount = int(input("Enter The Amount You Want To Convert\n"))
from_currency = input( "From\n" )-upper()
to_currency = input( "To\n").upper()
print(from_currency,"To",to_currency , amount)
result = c.convert(from_currency, to_currency, amount)
print(result)

5.天气应用

编写一个Python脚本，接收城市名称并使用爬虫获取该城市的天气信息。

你可以使用Beautifulsoup和requests库直接从谷歌主页爬取数据。

安装：

requests
BeautifulSoup

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}

def weather(city):
    city=city.replace(" ","+")
    res = requests.get(f'https://www.google.com/search?q={city}&oq={city}&aqs=chrome.0.35i39l2j0l4j46j69i60.6128j1j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8',headers=headers)
    print("Searching in google......\n")
    soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')   
    location = soup.select('#wob_loc')[0].getText().strip()  
    time = soup.select('#wob_dts')[0].getText().strip()       
    info = soup.select('#wob_dc')[0].getText().strip() 
    weather = soup.select('#wob_tm')[0].getText().strip()
    print(location)
    print(time)
    print(info)
    print(weather+"°C") 

print("enter the city name")
city=input()
city=city+" weather"
weather(city)

6.人脸检测

编写一个Python脚本，可以检测图像中的人脸，并将所有的人脸保存在一个文件夹中。

可以使用haar级联分类器对人脸进行检测。它返回的人脸坐标信息，可以保存在一个文件中。

安装：

OpenCV

下载：haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml

import cv2
# Load the cascade
face_cascade = cv2.CascadeClassifier('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
# Read the input image
img = cv2.imread('images/img0.jpg')
# Convert into grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# Detect faces
faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray, 1.3, 4)
# Draw rectangle around the faces
for (x, y, w, h) in faces:
    cv2.rectangle(img, (x, y), (x+w, y+h), (255, 0, 0), 2)
    crop_face = img[y:y + h, x:x + w]  
    cv2.imwrite(str(w) + str(h) + '_faces.jpg', crop_face)
# Display the output
cv2.imshow('img', img)
cv2.imshow("imgcropped",crop_face)
cv2.waitKey()

7.提醒应用

创建一个提醒应用程序，在特定的时间提醒你做一些事情(桌面通知)。
Time模块可以用来跟踪提醒时间，toastnotifier库可以用来显示桌面通知。

安装：win10toast

from win10toast import ToastNotifier
import time
toaster = ToastNotifier()
try:
    print("Title of reminder")
    header = input()
    print("Message of reminder")
    text = input()
    print("In how many minutes?")
    time_min = input()
    time_min=float(time_min)
except:
    header = input("Title of reminder\n")
    text = input("Message of remindar\n")
    time_min=float(input("In how many minutes?\n"))
time_min = time_min * 60
print("Setting up reminder..")
time.sleep(2)
print("all set!")
time.sleep(time_min)
toaster.show_toast(f"{header}",
f"{text}",
duration=10,
threaded=True)
while toaster.notification_active(): time.sleep(0.005)  

8.Hangman

创建一个简单的命令行hangman游戏。

创建一个密码词的列表并随机选择一个单词。现在将每个单词用下划线“”表示，给用户提供猜单词的机会，如果用户猜对了单词，则将“”用单词替换。

import time
import random
name = input("What is your name? ")
print ("Hello, " + name, "Time to play hangman!")
time.sleep(1)
print ("Start guessing...\n")
time.sleep(0.5)
## A List Of Secret Words
words = ['python','programming','treasure','creative','medium','horror']
word = random.choice(words)
guesses = ''
turns = 5
while turns > 0:         
    failed = 0             
    for char in word:      
        if char in guesses:    
            print (char,end="")    
        else:
            print ("_",end=""),     
            failed += 1    
    if failed == 0:        
        print ("\nYou won") 
        break              
    guess = input("\nguess a character:") 
    guesses += guess                    
    if guess not in word:  
        turns -= 1        
        print("\nWrong")    
        print("\nYou have", + turns, 'more guesses') 
        if turns == 0:           
            print ("\nYou Lose") 

9.文章朗读器

编写一个Python脚本，自动从提供的链接读取文章。

import pyttsx3
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
url = str(input("Paste article url\n"))

def content(url):
  res = requests.get(url)
  soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,'html.parser')
  articles = []
  for i in range(len(soup.select('.p'))):
    article = soup.select('.p')[i].getText().strip()
    articles.append(article)
    contents = " ".join(articles)
  return contents
engine = pyttsx3.init('sapi5')
voices = engine.getProperty('voices')
engine.setProperty('voice', voices[0].id)

def speak(audio):
  engine.say(audio)
  engine.runAndWait()

contents = content(url)
## print(contents)      ## In case you want to see the content

#engine.save_to_file
#engine.runAndWait() ## In case if you want to save the article as a audio file

10、键盘记录器

编写一个Python脚本，将用户按下的所有键保存在一个文本文件中。

pynput是Python中的一个库，用于控制键盘和鼠标的移动，它也可以用于制作键盘记录器。简单地读取用户按下的键，并在一定数量的键后将它们保存在一个文本文件中。

from pynput.keyboard import Key, Controller,Listener
import time
keyboard = Controller()


keys=[]
def on_press(key):
    global keys
    #keys.append(str(key).replace("'",""))
    string = str(key).replace("'","")
    keys.append(string)
    main_string = "".join(keys)
    print(main_string)
    if len(main_string)>15:
      with open('keys.txt', 'a') as f:
          f.write(main_string)   
          keys= []     
def on_release(key):
    if key == Key.esc:
        return False

with listener(on_press=on_press,on_release=on_release) as listener:
    listener.join()

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