[Python知识库]用scrapy框架爬取历年电影排名和出版

Scrapy简介

Scrapy是一个为了爬取网站数据，提取结构性数据而编写的应用框架。?

Scrapy入门请看官方文档：scrapy官方文档

本爬虫爬取的是电影排名与放映时间和评分 成果图如下：

整体思路

1、新建项目和爬虫文件?2、编写test1文件和main.py代码 3、修改middlewares.py/编写piplines.py 4、修改settings，items文件代码 5、启动

1.新建项目和爬虫文件

?

?2.编写imdb.py文件

注意理解注释。

from yingshi.items import YingshiItem
import scrapy
import time


class ImdbSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'imdb'
    allowed_domains = ['imdb.cn']
    start_urls = ['https://www.imdb.cn/imdb250/']
    offset=0

    def parse(self, response):
        items=YingshiItem()
        lists=response.xpath('//tbody[@class="rl_lister-list"]/tr')#获取想要爬的地方的xpath
        print('获取的lists:',lists)
        for i in lists:
            items['mingzi'] = i.xpath('./td/a/@title').get()#使用get方法获取电影名字的xpath
            print('电影名:',items['mingzi'])
            items['shijian']=i.xpath('./td/a/span/text()')[0].extract()#获取电影时间的xpath
            items['shijian']=items['shijian'][1:5]#获取括号中的时间
            print('时间:',items['shijian'])
            items['fen']=i.xpath('./td[@class="rl_grade_IMDB"]/span/text()')[0].extract() #获取评分的xpath
            print('评分:',items['fen'])
            time.sleep(0.5)#停顿
            yield items

main.py文件

from scrapy.cmdline import execute
execute("scrapy crawl imdb".split())

3.修改middlewares.py

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals

# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import is_item, ItemAdapter
from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse


class YingshiSpiderMiddleware:
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(self, response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, or item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(self, response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Request or item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(self, start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)


class YingshiDownloaderMiddleware:
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the downloader middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        # Called for each request that goes through the downloader
        # middleware.

        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this request
        # - or return a Response object
        # - or return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of
        #   installed downloader middleware will be called
        return None

    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):
        # Called with the response returned from the downloader.

        # Must either;
        # - return a Response object
        # - return a Request object
        # - or raise IgnoreRequest
        return response

    def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
        # Called when a download handler or a process_request()
        # (from other downloader middleware) raises an exception.
        bro = spider.bro
        bro.get(request.url)
        page=bro.page_source
        n_response = HtmlResponse(url=request.url,body=page,encoding='utf-8',request=request)
        return n_response
        # Must either:
        # - return None: continue processing this exception
        # - return a Response object: stops process_exception() chain
        # - return a Request object: stops process_exception() chain
        pass

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

?编写piplines.py文件

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html


# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
from openpyxl import Workbook

class YingshiPipeline:
    def __init__(self):
        self.wb = Workbook()
        self.ws = self.wb.active
        self.ws.append(['电影名', '时间', '评分'])

    def process_item(self, items, spider):
        line = [items['mingzi'], items['shijian'], items['fen']]
        self.ws.append(line)
        self.wb.save('./电影排名.xls')
        return items

4.修改settings.py文件

# Scrapy settings for yingshi project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'yingshi'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['yingshi.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'yingshi.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'yingshi (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
User_Agent='Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.69 Safari/537.36'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False#或True

LOG_LEVEL='ERROR'#输出日志设为输出发生错误的日志
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'yingshi.middlewares.YingshiSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'yingshi.middlewares.YingshiDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'yingshi.pipelines.YingshiPipeline': 300,
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

修改items文件代码

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class YingshiItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    mingzi = scrapy.Field()#电影名字
    shijian =  scrapy.Field()#放映时间
    fen = scrapy.Field()#评分
    pass

5运行main.py文件

?以上就是爬取imdb网的电影排名，感谢观看。

别忘了一键三连呼。