[Python知识库][python]一个遍历多层文件夹，然后替换文件内容和目录名称的案例

假如有如下目录结构：
?? ? ?root
?? ??? ?first
?? ??? ??? ?a.txt
?? ??? ??? ?b.txt
?? ??? ?second
?? ??? ??? ?c.txt
?? ??? ??? ?d.txt
?? ??? ?third
?? ??? ??? ?first
?? ??? ??? ??? ?a.txt
?? ??? ??? ?second
需要把所有文件中的变量 ${txt_date} 替换为 ${start_date},把所有名称为first的目录改为one、second的目录改为two

代码：

import os,time,configparser,sys,getopt
dirHome='app_'
'''解析参数文件'''
def parseCofig(configFile):
    try:
        global contentPairs
        global dirPairs
        if (os.path.exists(configFile) and os.path.isfile(configFile)) :
            cf = configparser.RawConfigParser()
            cf.optionxform = lambda option: option
            cf.read(configFile)
            contentPairs = cf.items('file')
            dirPairs = cf.items('dir')
            return 0;
        else:
            writeLog("ERROR", "config file [" + configFile + "] not exists!")
            exit(1)
    except Exception as e:
        writeLog("ERROR", str(e))
        exit(1)

#打印日志
def writeLog(logtype, msg):
    print("[{:5}][{}] {}".format(logtype, time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"), msg))
    return

'''遍历文件夹'''
def walkFile(file):
    try:
        if os.path.isdir(file):
            for root, dirs, files in os.walk(file):
                writeLog("INFO", "scan directory [" + root + "]")
                if(len(files)==0 and len(dirs)==0):
                    writeLog("WARN", "directory [" + root + "] is null!")

                    handleFile(root)
                else:
                    for f in files:
                        handleFile(os.path.join(root, f))

        else:
            handleFile(file)
    except Exception as e:
        writeLog("ERROR", str(e))
        exit(1)

def handleFile(file):
    target = replacePath(file)
    dir=''
    if(os.path.isfile(os.path.abspath(file))):
        dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(target))
    else:
        dir = os.path.abspath(target)

        #创建目录
    if(os.path.exists(dir) and os.path.isdir(dir)):
        {
        #writeLog("WARN", "directory [" + dir + "] already exists!")
        }
    else:
        { os.mkdir(dir) }

    #替换文件变量
    if (os.path.isfile(file)):
        str = replaceContent(file)
        writeLog("INFO", "write [" + os.path.abspath(file) + "] to ["+os.path.abspath(target)+"]")
        with open(target, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.write(str)

def replaceContent(file):
    writeLog("INFO", "replace file content,fileName[" + file + "]")
    with open(file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        str = f.read()
        for p in contentPairs:
            if len(p) == 2:
                str = str.replace(p[0], p[1])
        return str
    return None

def replacePath(filePath):
    newFilePath=''
    for p in dirPairs:
        if len(p) == 2:
            newFilePath = dirHome+filePath.replace(p[0], p[1])
    if(filePath!=newFilePath):
        writeLog("INFO", "replace file directory [" + filePath + "] to "+"["+newFilePath+"]")
    return newFilePath

def main():
    argArr=sys.argv

    if(len(argArr)<=1):
        parseCofig("parm.txt")
        walkFile("root")
    elif(len(argArr)==2):
        parseCofig("parm.txt")
        walkFile(argArr[1])
    elif(len(argArr)==3):
        parseCofig(argArr[1])
        walkFile(argArr[2])
    else:
        writeLog("ERROR", "arg error!")

main();

把以上代码文件放入和root目录相同的目录中

在和root目录相同的目录中编辑一个参数文件parm.txt，内容为：

[file]
${txt_date}=${start_date}
[dir]
first=one
second=two