[Python知识库]居家学习python自制闹铃小助手

闹铃小助手

为了建立学习的仪式感，我自己写了一套程序，尽可能让自己避免外界因素的干扰，以达到专注的目的。现在我把代码写到博客上，与大家一起分享一下。

注意：windows下使用playsound需要修改一下源码，源码有点小问题，文末有改后的源码。

1.导入所需模块

import sys
import time
import playsound as pl
from multiprocessing import Process

2.主函数，设置时间的安排，函数执行从上到下依次执行，这个需要自己定好这段时间自己打算做什么。

def main():
    work(minutes=20, todo='blog')
    work(minutes=30, todo='recite words')
    rest(minutes=10)
    work(minutes=60, todo='programming')

例如上述代码，写blog20分钟，背单词30分钟，休息10分钟，编程60分钟，以此类推。只要指定参数即可。

3.开始工作：使用时间进程和工作进程。

def work(minutes, todo):
    working = Process(target=startWorking, name=todo, args=(todo,))
    timing = Process(target=timePassing, args=(minutes,), name='timePassing')

    working.start()
    timing.start()

    timing.join()
    working.join()

    working.close()
    timing.close()

4.开始休息：使用时间进程和休息进程。

def rest(minutes):
    timing = Process(target=timePassing, args=(minutes,), name='timePassing')
    resting = Process(target=startRest, name='startWorking')

    resting.start()
    timing.start()

    timing.join()
    resting.join()
    resting.close()
    timing.close()

5.时间、工作、休息三个进程对应的函数：

def startWorking(todo):
    print('开始干活啦！！')
    print('todo：', todo)
    pl.playsound('piano.mp3')  # 音乐响起


def startRest():
    print('开始休息啦！！')
    pl.playsound('exercise.mp3')  # 音乐响起


def timePassing(minutes):
    print('=' * 20, '开始计时', '=' * 20)
    seconds = minutes * 60
    for i in range(round(seconds))[::-1]:
        time.sleep(1)
        sys.stdout.write(f'\r倒计时：{i // 60}分{i % 60}秒')
        sys.stdout.flush()
    print('\n' + '=' * 20, '计时结束', '=' * 20)

播放的音乐可以自己指定哦。

这个是修改之后的playsound源码，可以直接拷贝导入使用。

import logging
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

class PlaysoundException(Exception):
    pass

def _canonicalizePath(path):
    """
    Support passing in a pathlib.Path-like object by converting to str.
    """
    import sys
    if sys.version_info[0] >= 3:
        return str(path)
    else:
        # On earlier Python versions, str is a byte string, so attempting to
        # convert a unicode string to str will fail. Leave it alone in this case.
        return path

def _playsoundWin(sound, block = True):
    '''
    Utilizes windll.winmm. Tested and known to work with MP3 and WAVE on
    Windows 7 with Python 2.7. Probably works with more file formats.
    Probably works on Windows XP thru Windows 10. Probably works with all
    versions of Python.

    Inspired by (but not copied from) Michael Gundlach <gundlach@gmail.com>'s mp3play:
    https://github.com/michaelgundlach/mp3play

    I never would have tried using windll.winmm without seeing his code.
    '''
    sound = _canonicalizePath(sound)

    if any((c in sound for c in ' "\'()')):
        from os       import close, remove
        from os.path  import splitext
        from shutil   import copy
        from tempfile import mkstemp
        
        fd, tempPath = mkstemp(prefix = 'PS', suffix = splitext(sound)[1])  # Avoid generating files longer than 8.3 characters.
        logger.info('Made a temporary copy of {} at {} - use other filenames with only safe characters to avoid this.'.format(sound, tempPath))
        copy(sound, tempPath)
        close(fd)  # mkstemp opens the file, but it must be closed before MCI can open it.
        try:
            _playsoundWin(tempPath, block)
        finally:
            remove(tempPath)
        return

    from ctypes import c_buffer, windll
    from time   import sleep

    def winCommand(*command):
        bufLen = 600
        buf = c_buffer(bufLen)
        command = ' '.join(command)
        errorCode = int(windll.winmm.mciSendStringW(command, buf, bufLen - 1, 0))  # use widestring version of the function
        if errorCode:
            errorBuffer = c_buffer(bufLen)
            windll.winmm.mciGetErrorStringW(errorCode, errorBuffer, bufLen - 1)  # use widestring version of the function
            exceptionMessage = ('\n    Error ' + str(errorCode) + ' for command:'
                                '\n        ' + command +
                                '\n    ' + errorBuffer.raw.decode('utf-16').rstrip('\0'))
            logger.error(exceptionMessage)
            raise PlaysoundException(exceptionMessage)
        return buf.value

    if '\\' in sound:
        sound = '"' + sound + '"'

    try:
        logger.debug('Starting')
        winCommand(u'open {}'.format(sound))
        winCommand(u'play {}{}'.format(sound, ' wait' if block else ''))
        logger.debug('Returning')
    finally:
        try:
            winCommand(u'close {}'.format(sound))
        except PlaysoundException:
            logger.warning(u'Failed to close the file: {}'.format(sound))
            # If it fails, there's nothing more that can be done...
            pass

def _handlePathOSX(sound):
    sound = _canonicalizePath(sound)

    if '://' not in sound:
        if not sound.startswith('/'):
            from os import getcwd
            sound = getcwd() + '/' + sound
        sound = 'file://' + sound

    try:
        # Don't double-encode it.
        sound.encode('ascii')
        return sound.replace(' ', '%20')
    except UnicodeEncodeError:
        try:
            from urllib.parse import quote  # Try the Python 3 import first...
        except ImportError:
            from urllib import quote  # Try using the Python 2 import before giving up entirely...

        parts = sound.split('://', 1)
        return parts[0] + '://' + quote(parts[1].encode('utf-8')).replace(' ', '%20')


def _playsoundOSX(sound, block = True):
    '''
    Utilizes AppKit.NSSound. Tested and known to work with MP3 and WAVE on
    OS X 10.11 with Python 2.7. Probably works with anything QuickTime supports.
    Probably works on OS X 10.5 and newer. Probably works with all versions of
    Python.

    Inspired by (but not copied from) Aaron's Stack Overflow answer here:
    http://stackoverflow.com/a/34568298/901641

    I never would have tried using AppKit.NSSound without seeing his code.
    '''
    try:
        from AppKit import NSSound
    except ImportError:
        logger.warning("playsound could not find a copy of AppKit - falling back to using macOS's system copy.")
        sys.path.append('/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/PyObjC')
        from AppKit import NSSound

    from Foundation import NSURL
    from time       import sleep

    sound = _handlePathOSX(sound)
    url   = NSURL.URLWithString_(sound)
    if not url:
        raise PlaysoundException('Cannot find a sound with filename: ' + sound)

    for i in range(5):
        nssound = NSSound.alloc().initWithContentsOfURL_byReference_(url, True)
        if nssound:
            break
        else:
            logger.debug('Failed to load sound, although url was good... ' + sound)
    else:
        raise PlaysoundException('Could not load sound with filename, although URL was good... ' + sound)
    nssound.play()

    if block:
        sleep(nssound.duration())

def _playsoundNix(sound, block = True):
    """Play a sound using GStreamer.

    Inspired by this:
    https://gstreamer.freedesktop.org/documentation/tutorials/playback/playbin-usage.html
    """
    sound = _canonicalizePath(sound)

    # pathname2url escapes non-URL-safe characters
    from os.path import abspath, exists
    try:
        from urllib.request import pathname2url
    except ImportError:
        # python 2
        from urllib import pathname2url

    import gi
    gi.require_version('Gst', '1.0')
    from gi.repository import Gst

    Gst.init(None)

    playbin = Gst.ElementFactory.make('playbin', 'playbin')
    if sound.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
        playbin.props.uri = sound
    else:
        path = abspath(sound)
        if not exists(path):
            raise PlaysoundException(u'File not found: {}'.format(path))
        playbin.props.uri = 'file://' + pathname2url(path)


    set_result = playbin.set_state(Gst.State.PLAYING)
    if set_result != Gst.StateChangeReturn.ASYNC:
        raise PlaysoundException(
            "playbin.set_state returned " + repr(set_result))

    # FIXME: use some other bus method than poll() with block=False
    # https://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/#Gst-1.0/classes/Bus.html
    logger.debug('Starting play')
    if block:
        bus = playbin.get_bus()
        try:
            bus.poll(Gst.MessageType.EOS, Gst.CLOCK_TIME_NONE)
        finally:
            playbin.set_state(Gst.State.NULL)
            
    logger.debug('Finishing play')

def _playsoundAnotherPython(otherPython, sound, block = True, macOS = False):
    '''
    Mostly written so that when this is run on python3 on macOS, it can invoke
    python2 on macOS... but maybe this idea could be useful on linux, too.
    '''
    from inspect    import getsourcefile
    from os.path    import abspath, exists
    from subprocess import check_call
    from threading  import Thread

    sound = _canonicalizePath(sound)

    class PropogatingThread(Thread):
        def run(self):
            self.exc = None
            try:
                self.ret = self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
            except BaseException as e:
                self.exc = e

        def join(self, timeout = None):
            super().join(timeout)
            if self.exc:
                raise self.exc
            return self.ret

    # Check if the file exists...
    if not exists(abspath(sound)):
        raise PlaysoundException('Cannot find a sound with filename: ' + sound)

    playsoundPath = abspath(getsourcefile(lambda: 0))
    t = PropogatingThread(target = lambda: check_call([otherPython, playsoundPath, _handlePathOSX(sound) if macOS else sound]))
    t.start()
    if block:
        t.join()

from platform import system
system = system()

if system == 'Windows':
    playsound = _playsoundWin
elif system == 'Darwin':
    playsound = _playsoundOSX
    import sys
    if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
        try:
            from AppKit import NSSound
        except ImportError:
            logger.warning("playsound is relying on a python 2 subprocess. Please use `pip3 install PyObjC` if you want playsound to run more efficiently.")
            playsound = lambda sound, block = True: _playsoundAnotherPython('/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python', sound, block, macOS = True)
else:
    playsound = _playsoundNix
    if __name__ != '__main__':  # Ensure we don't infinitely recurse trying to get another python instance.
        try:
            import gi
            gi.require_version('Gst', '1.0')
            from gi.repository import Gst
        except:
            logger.warning("playsound is relying on another python subprocess. Please use `pip install pygobject` if you want playsound to run more efficiently.")
            playsound = lambda sound, block = True: _playsoundAnotherPython('/usr/bin/python3', sound, block, macOS = False)

del system

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # block is always True if you choose to run this from the command line.
    from sys import argv
    playsound(argv[1])