出错场景
在pycharm终端中下载selenium，使用pip install selenium命令下载，报如下错误：
报错内容
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
PS C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest> pip install selenium
Collecting selenium
? Downloading selenium-4.1.3-py3-none-any.whl (968 kB)
???? |███████████???????????????????? | 337 kB 6.8 kB/s eta 0:01:33ERROR: Exception:???????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Traceback (most recent call last):?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 438, in _error_catcher
??? yield??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 519, in read???????? ?
??? data = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\filewrapper.py", line 62, in read? ?
??? data = self.__fp.read(amt)?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
? File "C:\Users\86159\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\http\client.py", line 447, in read???????????????????????????? ?
??? n = self.readinto(b)
? File "C:\Users\86159\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\http\client.py", line 491, in readinto
??? n = self.fp.readinto(b)
? File "C:\Users\86159\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\socket.py", line 589, in readinto
??? return self._sock.recv_into(b)
? File "C:\Users\86159\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 1049, in recv_into
??? return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
? File "C:\Users\86159\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\ssl.py", line 908, in read
??? return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed outDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 180, in _main
??? status = self.run(options, args)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 204, in wrapper
??? return func(self, options, args)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 319, in run
??? reqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dir
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\resolver.py", line 128, in resolve
??? requirements, max_rounds=try_to_avoid_resolution_too_deep
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 473, in resolve
??? state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 341, in resolve
??? name, crit = self._merge_into_criterion(r, parent=None)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 172, in _merge_into_criterion
??? if not criterion.candidates:
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\structs.py", line 139, in __bool__
??? return bool(self._sequence)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 143, in __bool__
??? return any(self)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 129, in <genexpr>
??? return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 33, in _iter_built
??? candidate = func()
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\factory.py", line 205, in _make_candidate_from_link
??? version=version,
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 312, in __init__
??? version=version,
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 151, in __init__
??? self.dist = self._prepare()
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 234, in _prepare
??? dist = self._prepare_distribution()
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\candidates.py", line 318, in _prepare_distribution
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 508, in prepare_linked_requirement
??? return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 552, in _prepare_linked_requirement
??? self.download_dir, hashes
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 243, in unpack_url
??? hashes=hashes,
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\operations\prepare.py", line 102, in get_http_url
??? from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\download.py", line 157, in __call__
??? for chunk in chunks:
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\progress_bars.py", line 152, in iter
??? for x in it:
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\utils.py", line 86, in response_chunks
??? decode_content=False,
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 576, in stream
??? data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 541, in read
??? raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
? File "C:\Users\86159\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\contextlib.py", line 130, in __exit__
??? self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
? File "C:\Users\86159\PycharmProjects\pytest\venv\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\response.py", line 443, in _error_catcher
??? raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
解决方法
网络的原因，重新尝试即可。
retry之后，成功安装selenium
?
用pip list查看是否成功安装了selenium
?