[Python知识库]Python UI自动化Clicknium之获取推特(Twitter)某个用户最近发表的动态并保存至CSV文件

Requirement Statements

Get someone’s recent tweets and save to a CSV file.
We can start this simple beginner process quickly with Clicknium.

Environment Preparations

• Windows 10
• Visual Studio Code 1.69.2
• Clicknium 0.1.3
• Python 3.10.5
• Chrome 103.0.5060.134

Remarks:

• Need run this sample in English region.

Run this sample

• Follow clicknium getting started to set up develop environment.
• Clone sample repo.

  git clone https://github.com/automation9417/automation-samples.git
  

• Open the folder ‘ScrapingPeopleRecentTweets’ in Visual Studio code
• Open sample.py in visual studio code.
• Fill the sign config in sample.py

    sign_in_method_name="" #google for Google account, twiiter_account for tweet account.
    account="" #google email/phone, twitter username/email/phone
    verify_account=""#Sign in with tweet account, may need secondary verification. e.g. sign in with twitter email use username/phone to verify.
  

• Fill a Twitter user name you want to scrape Tweets from in sample.py

  scrape_user_name="" # The Twitter name you want to scrape Tweets from, must start with @. e.g. @exemple
  

• Press F5 to debug the sample or press CTRL+F5 to run sample.

Steps

1. Assume Twitter is not open in chrome, so we need open chrome with the explore address firstly.

   #Use following code to open chrome with target url
   browser_tab=clicknium.chrome.open("https://twitter.com/explore") 
   

2. Assume Twitter is not signed in, so we need to sign in twitter with Google account or twitter account.
   

• Google account sign in

  from time import sleep
  from clicknium import clicknium, locator
  from clicknium.common.enums import *
  def google_sign_in(email_or_phone,password):
      clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.login_btn).click()
      sleep(2)
      clicknium.send_hotkey("{ESC}")
      continue_with_google_btn=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.continue_with_google_btn,wait_timeout=5)
      if continue_with_google_btn:
          continue_with_google_btn.click(by= MouseActionBy.MouseEmulation)
      else:
          clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.continue_as_x_btn).click(by= MouseActionBy.MouseEmulation)
          clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.google_accounts.use_other_account_btn).click()
      clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.google_accounts.email_or_phone_input).set_text(email_or_phone)
      clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.google_accounts.email_or_phone_next_btn).click()
      clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.google_accounts.password_input).set_text(password)
      clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.google_accounts.password_next_btn).click()
  

  • Twitter account sign in

    from time import sleep
    from clicknium import clicknium, locator
    from clicknium.common.enums import *
    
    def sign_in_with_twitter_account(email_or_phone_or_username,verify_account,password):
        clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.login_btn).click()
        sleep(2)
        clicknium.send_hotkey("{ESC}")
        clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.twitter_account_input).set_text(email_or_phone_or_username)
        clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.login_next_btn).click()
        twitter_verify_input=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.twitter_verify_input,wait_timeout=5)
        if twitter_verify_input:
            twitter_verify_input.set_text(verify_account)
            clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.login_next_btn).click()
        clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.twitter_password_input).set_text(password)
        clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.login_form_login_btn).click()
    

4. Search and select a twitter user by username.
   

   from time import sleep
   from msilib.schema import Error
   from clicknium import clicknium, locator,ui
   from clicknium.common.enums import *
   import csv
   
   def search_and_select_user(username):
       clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.explore_menu).click()
       clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.search_text_box_input).click(by= MouseActionBy.MouseEmulation)
       clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.search_text_box_input).set_text(username)
       sleep(1)
       clicknium.send_hotkey('{ENTER}')
       
       search_people_tab=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.search_people_tab,wait_timeout=10)
       if search_people_tab:
           search_people_tab.click()
       else:
           msg="Search people tab not found."
           raise Error(msg)
       
       target_search_people=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.target_search_people,{"user_name":username}, wait_timeout=10)
       if target_search_people:
           target_search_people.click()
       else:
           msg="People:"+username+" not found."
           raise Error(msg)
   

5. Get user recent tweets.
   

• Use get_text to get the tweets publish date, content and link, the result will be saved to a CSV file.

  from time import sleep
  from msilib.schema import Error
  from clicknium import clicknium, locator,ui
  from clicknium.common.enums import *
  import csv
  
  
  def get_user_recent_tweets(username)->str:
      search_and_select_user(username)
  
      clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.twitter.user_tweets_tab).click()
      tweet_article=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.tweet_article, wait_timeout=10)
      if not tweet_article:
          msg="Tweet not found."
          raise Error(msg) 
      
      ret_csv_file_name=username+'_recent_tweets.csv'
      with open(ret_csv_file_name, 'w', newline='',encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:
          fieldnames = ['publish_date',"content","link"]
          writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)
          writer.writeheader()
  
          tweet_articles=clicknium.find_elements(locator.websites.twitter.tweet_article)
          #Start for loop
          for index in range(1,tweet_articles.__len__()+1):
              selected_tweet_article=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.selected_tweet_article,{"index":index},wait_timeout=5) 
              if not selected_tweet_article:      
                  continue
              tweet_text=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.tweet_text,{"index":index},wait_timeout=2) 
              content=""
              if tweet_text:
                  content=tweet_text.get_text()
  
              tweet_card=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.tweet_card,{"index":index},wait_timeout=2) 
              link=""
              if tweet_card:
                  link=tweet_card.get_property("href")
              
              tweet_publish_date=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.tweet_publish_date,{"index":index},wait_timeout=2) 
              publish_time=""
              if tweet_publish_date:
                  publish_time=tweet_publish_date.get_property("datetime")
              
              writer.writerow({'publish_date':publish_time,"content":content,"link":link}) 
          #End for loop
  

6. Sign out.
   

   from clicknium import clicknium, locator
   
   def sign_out():
       user_avatar_btn=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.app_slack.user_avatar_btn,wait_timeout=5)
       if user_avatar_btn:
           user_avatar_btn.click()
           clicknium.find_element(locator.websites.app_slack.sign_out_btn).click()
   

7. Close opened browser tab.

   browser_tab.close()# close the opened browser tab.
   

Tips

• Pass variable to the locator
  In this sample user name is passed to the target_search_people locator as following

  • Define variable in locator
    

  • Pass variable in code

    target_search_people=clicknium.wait_appear(locator.websites.twitter.target_search_people,{"user_name":username}, wait_timeout=10)
    

Concepts

Clicknium provides excellent ways of the recorder and the concept of the Locator, which helps you finish developing efficiently without lots of details. Hence it is worth getting to know the concepts below.

1. Locator
2. Recorder

Functions involved

• click
• set_text
• get_text
• open browser
• wait_appear
• activate browser tab
• close browser tab
• find_element
• set_focus
• get_property
• send_hotkey

Get Started

1. Create a new folder. Open Visual Studio Code and press the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+Shift+P to select Clicknium: Sample and select the newly created folder.
2. pip install clicknium
3. Copy the ‘.locator’ folder under ‘ScrapingPeopleRecentTweets’ to your new created folder
4. Open sample.py and follow the steps above